Identification and Documentation of Auricle Defects using Three-dimensional Optical Measurements

Determination of the Difference Between Men and Women Anthropometry Auricles Using Photogrammetric Method in Sundanese Ethnic Group

Abstract

Auricle is one of the features that determine the face appearance. Furthermore, its shape and size are influenced by age, gender, and ethnicity. Knowledge of the normal dimensional shape, ear growth patterns, and deformity is important in diagnosing various congeital disorders. The auricle dimensions data in the Deutro-Malay population are still unavailable, specifically for the Sundanese ethnic group.

Purpose

To determine the anthropometry of adult auricles in the Sundanese population.

Patients and Methods

This was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects used were Sundanese aged 18-65 years old who visited the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery outward at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Their data were obtained by photogrammetric techniques from the results of the ear photographs captured, which were then measured with ImageJ 1.48 software, and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The mean value of seven anthropometric parameters of Sundanese auricle were as follows: For men, auricle length = 6.29 cm ± 0.47, auricle width = 2.95 cm ± 0.26, auricle floor = 4.71 cm ± 0.49, lobule length = 1.90 cm ± 0.24, lobule width = 1.83 cm ± 0.22, concha length = 2.74 cm ± 0.17, and concha width = 1.43 cm ± 0.15. Meanwhile in women, auricle length = 6.09 cm ± 0.42, auricle width = 2.88 cm ± 0.25, auricle floor = 4.58 cm ± 0.47, lobule length = 1.95 cm ± 0.27, lobule width = 1.82 cm ± 0.21, concha length = 2.57 cm ± 0.21, and concha width = 0.42 cm ± 0.19.

Conclusion

In Sundanese ethnic, auricle length, width, and floor, as well as concha length of men tended to be greater than women. However, the women's lobule length was longer compared to men's, while the lobule and concha width tended to be the same.

Hybrid-quality-guided phase fusion model for high dynamic range 3D surface measurement by structured light technology

Using structured light to measure the 3D shape of a high dynamic range (HDR) surface has been always a challenging problem, and fusion of multi-group images with different exposures is recognized as an effective solution. It tends to select the phase with unsaturated and maximum gray intensity as the final phase, which has two problems: 1) the selection criteria are too simple to fully evaluate the phase quality, and 2) it is affected by the image noise, camera's nonlinear response, local reflection and other factors and the phase with the best quality among the initial phases may also have an error. Aiming to solve these issues, this paper presents a hybrid-quality-guided phase fusion (HPF) model. In this model, a hybrid-quality measure is first proposed to evaluate the phase quality more comprehensively. Then, all initial phases are weighted and fused under the guidance of the hybrid-quality measure to obtain a more accurate phase as the final one. Through this model, a more complete and accurate 3D shape of the HDR surface can be reconstructed, and its validity has been verified by several experiments.