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Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng C, Ma Y, Gao W, He J, Hao L, Liu Z, Shi C, Cao Q. Estimation of water budget components and its driving factors analysis in arid grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167654. [PMID: 37813251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the dependence of the grassland water budget change and its components on environmental factors is significant for the sustainable development of dryland ecosystems. Here, the Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the water budget of natural grassland for 42 years (1980-2021). The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) were used to analyze the soil drought evolution characteristics and the water use dynamic of the grassland in dry and wet years. Here, the calibrated Hydrus-1D model accurately identified the dynamic of grassland soil moisture in 2020 and 2021. The simulated data showed that evaporation (E) and transpiration (Tc) were the main pathways of soil water consumption, accounting for 96.5 % and 86.1 % of rainfall in dry and wet years, respectively. The soil water storage did not present a difference in precipitation proportion in dry (2.4 %) and wet (1.2 %) years, and the deep percolation accounted for a maximum of 12.8 % in wet years. Rainfall from 380 to 400 mm was the threshold, as it not only corresponds to the maximum water use efficiency (Tc/ET = 0.52, ET = E + Tc) but also serves as an important turning point for drought and deep percolation (below 150 cm) within the soil. The structural equation model further indicated that the dependence of E and Tc on meteorological factors was the main reason for the change of their proportions in dry and wet years. Tc was more sensitive to meteorological factors (R2 = 0.63), while E was not (R2 = 0.27). The SMDI had a greater impact on determining the threshold for water budget components than the SPEI. These results deepen the understanding of the hydrological process of grasslands in sandy areas, including the interaction between water budget components and environmental factors in wet and dry scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Ce Zheng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yandong Ma
- Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration on Soil and Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Wande Gao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Junqi He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Lianyi Hao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zuyu Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Changchun Shi
- Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration on Soil and Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Qingxi Cao
- Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration on Soil and Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
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Liu Y, Lin Z, Wang Z, Chen X, Han P, Wang B, Wang Z, Wen Z, Shi H, Zhang Z, Zhang W. Discriminating the impacts of vegetation greening and climate change on the changes in evapotranspiration and transpiration fraction over the Yellow River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166926. [PMID: 37689185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital parameter in terrestrial water-energy cycles. The transpiration fraction (TF) is defined as the ratio of transpiration (T) to evapotranspiration (ET), representing the contribution rate of vegetation transpiration to ecosystem ET. Quantifying the relative contributions of vegetation and climate change on the ET and TF dynamic is of great significance to better understand the water budget between the land and atmosphere. Here, we chose Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the study area and analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of ET, T, and TF from 1982 to 2015 using the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model. Meanwhile, the relative contributions of vegetation and climate change to ET, T and TF change were quantified. Model evaluation showed that the PT-JPL model performs well in the simulation of ET and T. During 1982-2015, the average annual ET, T, and TF increased at a rate of 3.20 mm/a, 0.77 mm/a and 0.003/a over the YRB during 1982-2015, respectively. The regions with significant increases in ET, T and TF almost covered the whole study area except for the upper reaches of the YRB. Vegetation greening was the main factor for the increase of ET and TF in the YRB and enhanced ET and TF at a rate of 0.72 mm/a and 0.57/a, respectively, which mainly observed in the entire Loess Plateau region (over 50 % of the study area). Precipitation (PRE) was also the dominated factor contributing to the increase in ET and TF, and temperature (TEM) showed a positive correlation with the changes in ET and TF in the most areas of YRB, which jointly dominated ET changes in the upper reaches of the YRB and TF changes in the southern part of the basin. Except for the total effects, leaf area index (LAI) also indirectly promoted ET changes by affecting PRE, TEM and relative humidity (RH). While wind speed (WS) and radiation (RAD) had a relatively weak regulatory effect on the changes in ET and TF. These findings were helpful for regional water resources management and formulating water resources-sustainable vegetation restoration strategies for local government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peidong Han
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an, Shanxi 710100, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Zhongming Wen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haijing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Yang Y, Fan Y, Basang CM, Lu J, Zheng C, Wen Z. Different biomass production and soil water patterns between natural and artificial vegetation along an environmental gradient on the Loess Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152839. [PMID: 34995600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Loess Plateau (LP) is a vulnerable and climate-sensitive ecoregion. With the implementation of "Grain for Green" project (GGP), the vegetation cover has largely improved, while the contradiction between overconsumption of soil water and sustainability of restored vegetation is increasingly prominent, and further threatening the ecosystem sustainability and socioeconomic development. Understanding the different responses of relations of biomass production and soil water regimes between natural and artificial vegetation along environmental gradient will be crucial for sustainability of restored vegetation on the LP. Here, aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil water content (SWC) of natural and artificial vegetation were measured in steppe, forest-steppe and forest zone from 2008 to 2017 on the Yanhe River catchment. The results showed that artificial vegetation consumed more soil water than natural vegetation in steppe and forest-steppe zone, while it did not over consume soil water in forest zone. The AGB of natural vegetation in forest zone was significantly higher than that in steppe and forest-steppe zone. Steppe zone had serious overload of artificial vegetation (overload ratio: 5.35), while no overload occurred in forest zone. So, we suggest a cessation of artificial vegetation expansion in steppe zone. In steppe zone, planting artificial vegetation increased competition intensity between AGB and SWC, and the relative benefit tended to be AGB, their competition intensity was the highest. In forest zone, the trade-off relationship between AGB and SWC had no significant difference between natural and artificial vegetation, and the competition intensity between the AGB and SWC was the weakest. Optimal vegetation restoration approach would maintain the balance between vegetation restoration and soil water. To obtain social and ecological sustainability on the LP, vegetation suitability and suitable management along different environmental gradients should be considered and identified in the future revegetation project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Fan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Mujue Basang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Research of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Interannual Variation of Transpiration and Its Modeling of a Larch Plantation in Semiarid Northwest China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the variation of forest transpiration (T) is important not only for understanding the water and energy budget of forest ecosystems but also for the prediction, evaluation, and management of hydrological effects as well as many other ecosystem services of forests under the changes of climate, vegetation, and anthropological impacts. The accurate prediction of T, a key component of water used by forests, requires mechanism-based models describing the T response to environmental and canopy conditions. The daily T of a larch (Larix principis-rupprechtti) plantation was measured through monitoring the sap flow in the growing season (from May to September) of a dry year (2010), a normal year (2012), and a wet year (2014) at a shady slope in the semi-arid area of Liupan Mountains in northwest China. Meanwhile, the meteorological conditions, soil moisture, and forest canopy leaf area index (LAI) were monitored. To get a simple and easily applicable T model, the numerous influencing parameters were grouped into three factors: the atmospheric evapotranspiration demand indicated by the potential evapotranspiration (PET), the soil water supply ability indicated by the relative extractable soil water content (REW), and the vegetation transpiration capacity indicated by the forest canopy LAI. The T model was established as a continuous multiplication of the T response equations to individual factors, which were determined using the upper boundary lines of measured data. The effect of each factor on the T in a dry year (2010) or normal year (2012) was assessed by comparing the measured T in the baseline of the wet year (2014) and the model predicted T, which was calculated through inputting the actual data of the factor (i.e., PET) to be assessed in the dry or normal year and the measured data of other two factors (i.e., REW, LAI) in the baseline of the wet year. The results showed that the mean daily T was 0.92, 1.05, and 1.02 mm; and the maximum daily T was 1.78, 1.92, and 1.89 mm in 2010, 2012, and 2014, respectively. The T response follows a parabolic equation to PET, but a saturated exponential equation to REW and LAI. The T model parameters were calibrated using measured data in 2010 and 2012 (R2 = 0.89, Nash coefficient = 0.88) and validated using measured data in 2014 satisfactorily (R2 = 0.89, Nash coefficient = 0.79). It showed a T limitation in the dry year 2010 for all factors (18.5 mm by PET, 11.5 mm by REW, and 17.8 mm by LAI); while a promotion for PET (1.4 mm) and a limitation for REW (4.2 mm) and LAI (14.3 mm) in the normal year 2012. The daily T model established in this study can be helpful to assess the individual factor impact on T and improve the daily T prediction under changing environmental and canopy conditions.
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Zhou C, Fu B, Wang X, Yin L, Feng X. The Regional Impact of Ecological Restoration in the Arid Steppe on Dust Reduction over the Metropolitan Area in Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7775-7786. [PMID: 32401498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A massive ecological restoration program has been implemented in northern China with the aim of protecting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area of eastern China from dust events. However, some current studies have cast doubt on the efficacy of such ecological restoration projects, partly due to the constraint of available water in northern China, leading to poor survival rates of planted trees in semiarid regions (15%). In this study, using a logical framework combining statistical analysis, partial least-squares path model analysis, and a regional climate model (RegCM) simulation with multisource dust indicators, we found that there was a reduction of dust in northern China that was synchronous with the increase in vegetation growth after ecological restoration. In contrast to previous reports of a decrease in wind speed due to ecological restoration, this study found that the increase in vegetation had an insignificant impact on local wind speed (p = 0.30). Instead, ecological restoration mainly reduced the sand emission in steppe area by improving the soil conditions of the underlying surface, and hence contributed 15% of the reduction of dust events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area through dust transmission (p = 0.002). The effect of ecological restoration in the northern steppe on dust reduction over the northeastern metropolitan area of China should not be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lichang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Huang T, Yu D, Cao Q, Qiao J. Impacts of meteorological factors and land use pattern on hydrological elements in a semi-arid basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:932-943. [PMID: 31302557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The allocation of water resources to meet both human wellbeing and environmental requirements is a critical challenge in a semi-arid landscape. Hydrological models are widely used to understand the influence mechanism of hydrological elements, which is helpful for optimizing water resources management. However, the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological dynamics has been largely omitted in prior studies, partly because it's difficult to correctly simulate the spatial distributions of hydrological elements due to roughly representing the surface biophysical parameters in the hydrological model. In this study, the Distributed Hydrological Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) was incorporated with the high-resolution remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) data in a semiarid basin, located in the upstream of the Xar Moron River Basin, to explore the impacts of meteorological factors (i.e., air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, shortwave radiation, and precipitation) and LAI on hydrological processes of forests, grasslands, and farmlands. Our results show that the spatial distribution of LAI slightly improves the accuracy of streamflow simulations and significantly promotes the model performance of spatial hydrological element simulations. For the area in study, precipitation, LAI, and relative humidity are the three major influential factors in the forest hydrological dynamics. The hydrological elements of grasslands and farmlands are mainly affected by shortwave radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, and LAI. Compared with grasslands and farmlands, LAI has greater negative influence on forest water availability. To mitigate the negative effects of drying and warming climate and promote ecosystems sustainability, the forest area should be converted into grassland while the native grassland should be maintained for soil water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Deyong Yu
- Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qian Cao
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianmin Qiao
- School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Shangguan Z, Chang F, Jia F, Chen Y, He X, Shi W, Deng L. Effects of grassland afforestation on structure and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:396-406. [PMID: 31048170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grassland afforestation strongly influences the structure and function of soil microorganisms. Yet the mechanisms of how afforestation could simultaneously alter both the soil fungal and bacterial communities and its implications for ecosystem management are poorly understood, especially in nitrogen-limited ecosystems. Using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes, the present study investigated the changes in soil properties and soil microorganisms after afforestation of natural grasslands with Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) on the Loess Plateau in China. Results showed that soil bacterial diversity had no significant differences among the grassland (GL), forest-grassland transition zone (TZ), and forestland (FL), while soil fungal diversity in the GL was significantly higher than that in the FL and TZ (P < 0.05). The proportion of shared OTUs in the soil bacterial community was higher than that in the soil fungal community among the three land use types. The dominant bacterial phylum shifted from Proteobacteria to Actinobacteria, while the dominant fungal phylum shifted from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota after the GL conversion to the FL. The functional groups of ECM fungi increased significantly while biotrophic fungi decreased significantly after grassland afforestation. Both the soil bacterial and fungal communities in the TZ showed great similarity with those in the FL. In addition, among all examined soil properties, soil nitrogen (N) showed a more significant effect on the soil microbial communities. The reduction of soil N after grassland afforestation resulted in both the structure and function changes in soil microbial communities. Our results demonstrated simultaneously differential changes in the composition and diversity of both soil bacterial and fungal communities after afforestation from grasslands to planted forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Zhuangsheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fan Chang
- Microbial Metabolism Research Center, Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Feng'an Jia
- Microbial Metabolism Research Center, Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Xinhua He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Weiyu Shi
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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8
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Bai M, Mo X, Liu S, Hu S. Contributions of climate change and vegetation greening to evapotranspiration trend in a typical hilly-gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:325-339. [PMID: 30550898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Significant increases in vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau since the early 2000s have been well documented. However, the relevant hydrological effects are still unclear. Here, we investigated the changes in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2000 to 2016 and related them to climate change and vegetation greening in Yanhe River basin (YRB), a typical hilly-gully basin on the Loess Plateau, by using the remote-sensing based VIP model. Results showed that the annual ETa in the YRB increased significantly with a trend of 3.45mmyr-1 (p<0.01) and changes of ETa in summer months dominated the annual trend. Partial correlation analysis suggested that vegetation greening was the dominant driving factor of ETa inter-annual variations in 56% area of YRB. Model simulation experiments illustrated that relative contributions of NDVI, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ETp) to the ETa trend were 93.0%, 18.1%, and -7.4%, respectively. Vegetation greening, which is closely related to the Grain for Green (GFG) afforestation, was the main driver to the long-term tendency of water consumption in the YRB. This study highlights potential water demanding conflicts between the socio-economic system and the natural ecosystem on the Loess Plateau due to the rapid vegetation expansion in this water-limited area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Mo
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, Sino-Danish Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Suxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, Sino-Danish Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Wang Y, Cao G, Wang Y, Webb AA, Yu P, Wang X. Response of the daily transpiration of a larch plantation to variation in potential evaporation, leaf area index and soil moisture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4697. [PMID: 30886244 PMCID: PMC6423317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree transpiration (T) is a major water budget component and varies widely due to the integrated effects of many environmental and vegetation factors. This study aimed to separate, quantify, and then integrate the effects of the main individual factors, to improve water use estimation and manage the hydrological impacts of forests. A field study was conducted at 3 plots of larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantation in the semi-humid area of the Liupan Mountains, northwest China. The main influencing factors were the atmospheric evaporative demand expressed by potential evapotranspiration (PET), the soil water availability expressed by volumetric soil moisture (VSM) within the 0–100 cm layer, and the canopy transpiration capacity expressed by forest canopy leaf area index (LAI). The daily stand T was estimated through the up-scaling of sap-flow data from sampled trees. It displayed a high degree of scattering in response to PET, VSM and LAI, with an average of 0.76 mm·day−1 and range of 0.01–1.71 mm·day−1 in the growing season of 2014. Using upper boundary lines of measured data, the response tendency of T to each factor and corresponding function type were determined. The T increases firstly rapidly with rising PET, VSM and LAI, then gradually and tends to be stable when the threshold of PET (3.80 mm·day−1), VSM (0.28 m3·m−3) and LAI (3.7) is reached. The T response follows a quadratic equation for PET and saturated exponential function for VSM and LAI. These individual factor functions were coupled to form a general daily T model which was then fitted using measured data as: T = (0.793PET − 0.078PET2)·(1 − exp(−0.272LAI))·(1 − exp(−9.965VSM)). It can well explain the daily T variation of all 3 plots (R2 = 0.86–0.91), and thus can be used to predict the response of daily T of larch stands to changes in both environmental and canopy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunni Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China.,Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Gongxiang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China.,Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Ashley A Webb
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, 2340, Australia.,WaterNSW, PO Box 1251, Tamworth, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - Pengtao Yu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, China
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