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Chen K, Li G, Cui H, Du Y, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Li F, Shang H, Lei H. Systems pharmacology and GC-MS metabolomics reveal the efficacy and mechanisms of zedoary oil on acute liver injury induced by oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154295. [PMID: 35802998 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zedoray oil (ZO) is the main component of Curcuma zedoaria, one traditional herb used for dispersing stasis clinically in China. Previously, the potential of ZO was discovered against lethal and acute liver injury (ALI) mice with little impact on the immune, which deserved further study. METHODS An approach combined systems pharmacology with GC-MS metabolomics was applied for predicting pathways affected by ZO. Subsequently, H2O2 and tertbutyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were respectively applied to induce the ALI model in vitro for validation. RESULTS First, systems pharmacology and intracellular metabolites suggested that ZO might regulate oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, TCA cycle, pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. Further, levels of ALT, AST, ROS, T-AOC, MDA, GR, ΔΨm, and related proteins affected by ZO had been detected to validate the above mechanisms using dual cell models. CONCLUSION ZO could protect the L02 cells against ALI by regulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, as well as restore the function of mitochondria and redox imbalance damaged by toxicants. This work has uncovered the nonimmune mechanisms of ZO against ALI to provide the basis for relevant research and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Herong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yawen Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Changes in Mitochondria-Related Gene Expression upon Acupuncture at LR3 in the D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damage Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3294273. [PMID: 35928244 PMCID: PMC9345726 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3294273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic diseases, such as hepatonecrosis, hepatitis, and hepatocirrhosis, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation, ultimately leading to liver failure. In this study, we examined if acupuncture at LR3 can affect mitochondria-related gene expression in a liver damage model of experimentally induced acute liver failure (ALF). ALF was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in experimental rats, who then received either sham (ALF), manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), or silymarin (PC, positive control) treatment. Liver tissues were extracted from experimental and untreated control rats for histopathological analysis and expression profiling of genes involved in mitochondrial function. Of the 168 mitochondria-related genes profiled, two genes belonging to the solute-carrier transporter family (Slc25a15 and Slc25a25) and Ndufb7 were upregulated. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was more downregulated in MA than ALF. Furthermore, MA reversed D-GalN-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of hepatic cell plates, and increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. MA at LR3 can reduce the risk of D-GalN-induced ALF by inducing the expression of metabolic and inflammation-related genes and regulating proinflammatory factor production in hepatic mitochondria.
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Cui HR, Zhang JY, Cheng XH, Zheng JX, Zhang Q, Zheng R, You LZ, Han DR, Shang HC. Immunometabolism at the service of traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106081. [PMID: 35033650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, ancient practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescribe combinations of plant species/animal species and minerals designated "TCM formulae" developed based on TCM theory and clinical experience. TCM formulae have been shown to exert curative effects on complex diseases via immune regulation but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown at present. Considerable progress in the field of immunometabolism, referring to alterations in the intracellular metabolism of immune cells that regulate their function, has been made over the past decade. The core context of immunometabolism is regulation of the allocation of metabolic resources supporting host defense and survival, which provides a critical additional dimension and emerging insights into how the immune system and metabolism influence each other during disease progression. This review summarizes research findings on the significant association between the immune function and metabolic remodeling in health and disease as well as the therapeutic modulatory effects of TCM formulae on immunometabolism. Progressive elucidation of the immunometabolic mechanisms involved during the course of TCM treatment continues to aid in the identification of novel potential targets against pathogenicity. In this report, we have provided a comprehensive overview of the benefits of TCM based on regulation of immunometabolism that are potentially applicable for the treatment of modern diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Rong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xue-Hao Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liang-Zhen You
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dong-Ran Han
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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Gao Y, Shi W, Yao H, Ai Y, Li R, Wang Z, Liu T, Dai W, Xiao X, Zhao J, Niu M, Bai Z. An Integrative Pharmacology Based Analysis of Refined Liuweiwuling Against Liver Injury: A Novel Component Combination and Hepaprotective Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747010. [PMID: 34630116 PMCID: PMC8493075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major cause of illness and death worldwide. In China, liver diseases, primarily alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis, affect approximately 300 million people, resulting in a major impact on the global burden of liver diseases. The use of Liuweiwuling (LWWL), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for decreasing aminotransferase levels induced by different liver diseases. Our previous study indicated a part of the material basis and mechanisms of LWWL in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. However, knowledge of the materials and molecular mechanisms of LWWL in the treatment of liver diseases remains limited. Using pharmacokinetic and network pharmacology methods, this study demonstrated that the active components of LWWL were involved in the treatment mechanism against liver diseases and exerted anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, esculetin, luteolin, schisandrin A and schisandrin B may play an important role by exerting anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in vitro. Esculeti and luteolin dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced cell apoptosis, and luteolin also inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages. schisandrin A and B inhibited the release of ROS in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in vitro. Moreover, LWWL active ingredients protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice. The four active ingredients may inhibit oxidative stress or inflammation to exert hepatoprotective effect. In conclusion, our results showed that the novel component combination of LWWL can protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Ai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhang Dai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Poisoning Treatment, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu Q, Guo Q, Wang CX, Zhang S, Wen CB, Sun T, Peng W, Chen J, Li WH. Network differentiation: A computational method of pathogenesis diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine based on systems science. Artif Intell Med 2021; 118:102134. [PMID: 34412850 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resembling the role of disease diagnosis in Western medicine, pathogenesis (also called Bing Ji) diagnosis is one of the utmost important tasks in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In TCM theory, pathogenesis is a complex system composed of a group of interrelated factors, which is highly consistent with the character of systems science (SS). In this paper, we introduce a heuristic definition called pathogenesis network (PN) to represent pathogenesis in the form of the directed graph. Accordingly, a computational method of pathogenesis diagnosis, called network differentiation (ND), is proposed by integrating the holism principle in SS. ND consists of three stages. The first stage is to generate all possible diagnoses by Cartesian Product operated on specified prior knowledge corresponding to the input symptoms. The second stage is to screen the validated diagnoses by holism principle. The third stage is to pick out the clinical diagnosis by physician-computer interaction. Some theorems are stated and proved for the further optimization of ND in this paper. We conducted simulation experiments on 100 clinical cases. The experimental results show that our proposed method has an excellent capability to fit the holistic thinking in the process of physician inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Qiang Guo
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Chun-Xia Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Wen
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
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Zhou L, Gu W, Kui F, Gao F, Niu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang J, Guo Z, Du G. The mechanism and candidate compounds of aged citrus peel ( chenpi) preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its progression to lung cancer. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7526. [PMID: 34262419 PMCID: PMC8254466 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for developing lung cancer. Aged citrus peel (chenpi) has been used as a dietary supplement for respiratory diseases in China. Objective To explore the mechanism and candidate compounds of chenpi preventing COPD and its progression to lung cancer. Methods The active components and potential targets of chenpi were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Disease-associated targets of COPD and lung cancer were collected in the Gene Cards and TTD database. The component-target network and PPI network were constructed using the Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. David database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The main active components were verified by using the autodock Vina 1.1.2 software. Mouse lung cancer with COPD was induced by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with urethane injection to confirm preventing the effect of hesperetin (the candidate compound of chenpi) on COPD progression to lung cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Results The network analysis revealed that the key active components of chenpi (nobiletin, naringenin, hesperetin) regulate five core targets (AKT1, TP53, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9). In addition, 103 potential pathways of chenpi were identified. Chenpi can prevent COPD and its progression to lung cancer by getting involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking indicated that hesperetin had better binding activity for core targets. In mouse lung cancer with COPD, treatment with hesperetin dose-dependently improved not only lung tissue injury in COPD but also carcinoma lesions in lung cancer. Meanwhile, hesperetin could suppress the protein expression of AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9 and up-regulate the protein expression of TP53, and thus reduced the risk of COPD progression to lung cancer. Conclusion Hesperetin is a candidate compound of chenpi that helps in preventing COPD and its progression to lung cancer by regulating AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9 and TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fuguang Kui
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuji Niu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junru Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Xinzheng, China
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Lu J, Chen C, Gai R, Qiu H, Wu Y, He Q, Yang X. Protective effects and possible mechanisms of Centella asiatica (L.) urban extract against acute and chronic liver injury: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2785-2796. [PMID: 33462870 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a significant health care problem worldwide. Centella asiatica (L.) urban was traditionally used to prevent or treat various diseases, yet whether it works on hepatic injury remains unclear. In this study, multiple experimental models with different damage degrees and types of liver injury have been established to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of an n-butanol extract of Centella asiatica (CA-BU). Our results revealed that CA-BU improved hepatocyte L02 cells survival from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner. We further verified the hepatoprotective effects of CA-BU in mice models of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (one of the most common DILIs clinically) and CCl4 -induced acute chemical liver injury, and a rat model of chronic alcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, network pharmacology approaches were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, and we predicted AKT1, EGFR, VEGFA, and STAT3 as the potential therapeutic targets. In follow-up studies, we will focus on targets verification and provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms of CA-BU against liver damage. Finally, we hope that these findings will provide new ideas and insights for the treatment of acute or chronic liver injury in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Lu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renhua Gai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huacheng Qiu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Molecular Biological Mechanism of Action for Qingdu Decoction against Chronic Liver Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6661667. [PMID: 33747110 PMCID: PMC7952185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Qingdu Decoction (QDD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating chronic liver injury (CLI). Materials and methods. A network pharmacology combining experimental validation was used to investigate potential mechanisms of QDD against CLI. We firstly screened the bioactive compounds with pharmacology analysis platform of the Chinese medicine system (TCMSP) and gathered the targets of QDD and CLI. Then, we constructed a compound-target network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enriched core targets in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. At last, we used a CLI rat model to confirm the effect and mechanism of QDD against CLI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB), and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used. Results 48 bioactive compounds of QDD passed the virtual screening criteria, and 53 overlapping targets were identified as core targets of QDD against CLI. A compound-CLI related target network containing 94 nodes and 263 edges was constructed. KEGG enrichment of core targets contained some pathways related to CLI, such as hepatitis B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, apoptosis, hepatitis C, interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway. Three PPI clusters were identified and enriched in hepatitis B and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, apoptosis and hepatitis B pathway, and peroxisome pathway, respectively. Animal experiment indicated that QDD decreased serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), endotoxin (ET), and IL-17 and increased prothrombin time activity (PTA) level. WB and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that, compared with the model group, the expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9 (caspase-9) protein, caspase-3 protein, B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax) mRNA, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) mRNA was inhibited and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA was enhanced in the QDD group. Conclusions QDD has protective effect against CLI, which may be related to the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis. This study provides novel insights into exploring potential biological basis and mechanisms of clinically effective formula systematically.
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Li D, Zhu M, Zhou C, Liu X. Effect of Liuweiwuling tablet on biochemical and virological parameters, and quality of life in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22065. [PMID: 32925741 PMCID: PMC7489732 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling (LWWL) tablet, a kind of plant-derived traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has been widely applied as a promising adjunctive drug for hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBVC). However, its exact clinical efficacy and safety is still not well investigated. In this study, we aimed to summarize the efficacy of LWWL tablet on biochemical and virological parameters, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with HBVC through the meta-analysis. METHODS All available randomized controlled trials and high-quality prospective cohort studies that investigated the efficacy and safety of LWWL for patients with HBVC were searched from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Excerpt Medica Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Papers in Chinese or English published from January 2000 to August 2020 will be included without any restrictions.Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by 2 authors. The clinical outcomes including biochemical (liver function and fibrosis indexes) and virological parameters, QoL, immune function and adverse events, were systematically evaluated. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta regression, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. RESULTS The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and provide a helpful evidence for clinicians to formulate the best postoperative adjuvant treatment strategy for HBVC patients. CONCLUSION Our study will draw an objective conclusion of the efficacy of LWWL on biochemical and virological parameters, and QoL in patients with HBVC. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202080010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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10
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Wang P, Huang H, Chen B, Su Y, Shi P, Yao H. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Mechanisms of Dengzhan Xixin Injection against Cardiovascular Diseases. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:837-847. [PMID: 32879224 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengzhan Xixin injection (DZXXI), a herbal product prepared from a Chinese herb called Erigeron breviscapus, is a classical and traditional therapeutic for cadiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, and stroke, etc. However, its potential pharmacology mechanism against CVDs remains unclear. In this paper, a systems pharmacology-based strategy is presented for predicting drug targets and understanding therapeutic mechanisms of DZXXI against CVDs. The main ingredients were identified by HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). The target fishing was performed on the PharmMapper Server (http://lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/). Potential targets were confirmed by two molecular docking tools, Sybyl-X 1.3 and Ledock to ensure the accuracy. The resulting target proteins were applied as baits to fish their related diseases and pathways from the molecular annotation system (MAS 3.0, http://bioinfo.capitalbio.com/mas3/) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/). Network generation and topological analysis were performed in Cytoscape 3.6.0. 15 main ingredients from DZXXI were identified. Forty five putative drug targets and 50 KEGG pathways, which have highly relevance to the therapeutic effects of DZXXI against CVDs, were then obtained. The systems analysis suggested that DZXXI could attenuate cardiac fibrosis, regulate cardiac contractility, and preserve heart function in adverse cardiac remodeling; meanwhile DZXXI also could have the function of activating blood circulation and dilating blood vessels. DZXXI exerts its therapeutic effects on CVDs possibly through multi-targets including CMA1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH), SRC, F7, etc., and multi-pathways including Focal adhesion, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, Wnt signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, Renin-angiotensin system, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
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11
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Chen P, Yao H, Yuan Q, Li P, Wang X, Su W, Wang Y, Li P. Discovery of the possible mechanisms in kouyanqing granule for treatment of oral ulcers based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:258. [PMID: 32811507 PMCID: PMC7436979 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral ulcer diseases are complex inflammatory diseases caused by multi-factors, which severely impact patient quality of life. Kouyanqing Granule (KYQG) has been used to treat inflammatory diseases of the mouth and throat, including recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), traumatic ulcers, oral leukoplakia and so on. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of KYQG in treating these diseases are still unclear. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms in KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. METHODS An innovative network pharmacology method was established by incorporating targets searching and fishing, network analysis, and silico validation to discover the pharmacological mechanisms of action of KYQG for the treatment of oral ulcers. Then, we verified the reliability of this method by an animal experiment. RESULTS Our data indicated that a total of 47 key targets were screened, which mainly involved in three function modules including the inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immunological response, and the suppression of oxidative stress. The implementation of these functions relies on the complex multi-pathways network, especially TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The results of the experimental verification indicated that KYQG significantly inhibited the serum levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with oral ulcer. CONCLUSION KYQG exhibited the therapeutic effects on oral ulcers probably by inhibiting inflammation, regulating immunological response, and suppressing oxidative stress through a complex multi-pathways network. Particularly, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway may play crucial roles in the protection of KYQG against oral ulcers. This work not only offers a method for understanding the functional mechanisms of KYQG for treating oral ulcer diseases from a multi-scale perspective but also may provide an efficient way for research and development of complex composition formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- The school of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest medical university, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Panlin Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Re-evaluation of Post-marketed TCM, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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12
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Cui H, Zhang B, Li G, Li L, Chen H, Qi J, Liu W, Chen J, Wang P, Lei H. Identification of a Quality Marker of Vinegar-Processed Curcuma Zedoaria on Oxidative Liver Injury. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112073. [PMID: 31151312 PMCID: PMC6600333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma zedoaria (dry stenophora of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val., Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang, or Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C.Ling) is a representative herb with clinical effects on liver diseases after being vinegar-processed. The crude Curcuma zedoaria and the processed Curcuma zedoaria (vinegar-boil) have been widely used as mixtures, but their equivalence has not been fully investigated. In this manuscript, quality markers of processed (vinegar-boil) Curcuma zedoaria were investigated by comparison of the compounds and hepatoprotective activities with the crude (three spices) ones. First, GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics were applied to reveal the discriminatory components and discover potential markers. As a result, a total of six components were identified as potential markers. Then, the hepatoprotective activities were evaluated by dual cell damage models induced by a certain concentration of H2O2 or tertbutyl hydfroperoxide (t-BHP) (55 μM H2O2 or 40 μM t-BHP), which highlighted the potential of the processed Curcuma zedoaria on oxidative stress. Finally, epicurzerenone was identified as its quality marker on oxidative liver injury based on the above results and the cell-based biological assay. Overall, vinegar-processed Curcuma zedoaria was more suitable for the treatment of oxidative liver diseases, and epicurzerenone could be considered as its quality marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herong Cui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Hongshan Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jinchai Qi
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Wenxue Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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13
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Wei S, Zhou X, Niu M, Zhang H, Liu X, Wang R, Li P, Li H, Cai H, Zhao Y. Network pharmacology exploration reveals the bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of Li-Ru-Kang against hyperplasia of mammary gland. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1159-1171. [PMID: 31053932 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Li-Ru-Kang (LRK) has been commonly used in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) as a cipher prescription and achieved obvious therapeutic effects. However, the bioactive compounds and underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to decipher the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of LRK in the treatment of HMG using an integrated pharmacology approach. The ingredients of LRK and the corresponding drug targets were retrieved through drug target databases and were used to construct the "compound-target-disease" network and function-pathway network. Ultimately, 89 compounds and 2150 drug targets were collected. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that mammary gland alveolus development and mammary gland lobule development were the key biological processes and were regulated simultaneously by three direct targets, including androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and cyclin-D1. Moreover, 14 compounds of LRK were directly involved in the regulation of the three aforementioned targets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that five signaling pathways and seven direct targets were closely related with HMG treatment by LRK. The results of animal experiments showed that LRK significantly improved the histopathological status of HMG in rats. Additionally, LRK markedly regulated the protein expressions of AR, cyclin-D1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9. But interestingly, the effect of LRK on ER was not obvious. This study demonstrated that LRK exerted its therapeutic efficacy based on multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research confirms the advantages of network pharmacology analyses and the necessity for experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haizhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Huadan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100039, China.
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14
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Xiong Y, Hu Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Niu M, Cui X. Unveiling Active Constituents and Potential Targets Related to the Hematinic Effect of Steamed Panax notoginseng Using Network Pharmacology Coupled With Multivariate Data Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1514. [PMID: 30670967 PMCID: PMC6331451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) has been used as a tonic to improve the blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we aim to unveil active constituents and potential targets related to the hematinic effect of SPN, which has not been answered before. In the study a constituent-target-disease network was constructed by combining the SPN-specific and anemia-specific target proteins with protein-protein interactions. And the network pharmacology was used to screen out the underlying targets and mechanisms of SPN treating anemia. Also, the multivariate data analyses were performed for the double screening. According to the results, 11 targets related to chemical constituents of SPN were found to be closely associated with the hematinic effect of SPN. Among them, the direct target protein of mitochondrial ferrochelatase (FECH) had the major role through the metabolic pathway. Meanwhile, Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 were predicted to be major constituents related to the hematinic effect of SPN by both multivariate data analyses and network pharmacology. And it was been validated by the pharmacologic tests that Rk3 and 20(S)-Rg3 could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters, FECH and its downstream protein of heme in mice with BDS. The study provides evidences for the mechanism understanding and drug development of SPN for the treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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15
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Tu C, Niu M, Li C, Liu Z, He Q, Li R, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Wang J. Network pharmacology oriented study reveals inflammatory state-dependent dietary supplement hepatotoxicity responses in normal and diseased rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:3477-3490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a well-used herbal and dietary supplement, has been widely used as a laxative in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tu
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 610000
- China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Chunyu Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Qin He
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Integrative Medical Center for Liver Diseases
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100039
- China
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16
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Wang Y, Wei S, Gao T, Yang Y, Lu X, Zhou X, Li H, Wang T, Qian L, Zhao Y, Zou W. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a TCM Formula Li-Ru-Kang in Rats With Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland and the Underlying Biological Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1318. [PMID: 30524280 PMCID: PMC6262177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Li-Ru-Kang (LRK), a formula of eight traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), has been used to treat hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) in TCM clinics. However, how LRK works in HMG patients is unclear. To explore the possible mechanisms of LRK against HMG, the network pharmacology was used to screen the potential targets and possible pathways that involved in LRK treated HMG. Rat HMG model induced by estrogen and progesterone was used to further verify the effects of the key molecules of LRK selected from the enriched pathways on HMG. Nipple heights and diameters were measured and uterus index was calculated. The histopathological changes of mammary gland tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38. And immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), nuclear factor-(NF-)κB (p65), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenases 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nitrotyrosine (NT). Our results indicate that LRK treatment rescues significantly nipples height and diameter, decreases uterus index and ameliorates HMG. LRK treatment also markedly attenuates the over-expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, and suppressed the formation of 8-OHdG and NT. Furthermore, LRK treatment significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 and expression of NF-κB (p65), interestingly, LRK treatment has no effect on the expression of ERα and PR. Our data suggest that the LRK treatment protects the mammary glands from the damage of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by estrogen and progesterone, via suppresses of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways without affecting on the expression of ERα and PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxue Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Liqi Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Goh HH. Integrative Multi-Omics Through Bioinformatics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1102:69-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98758-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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