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Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Nawaz M, Lian J, Liu S, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Du D, Ren G. Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 38202380 PMCID: PMC10780853 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The legacy effects of invasive plant species can hinder the recovery of native communities, especially under nitrogen deposition conditions, where invasive species show growth advantages and trigger secondary invasions in controlled areas. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the effects of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions and their mechanisms. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: (1) Nitrogen deposition amplifies the legacy effects of plant invasion. This phenomenon was investigated by analysing four potential mechanisms covering community system structure, nitrogen metabolism, geochemical cycles, and microbial mechanisms. The results suggest that microorganisms drive plant-soil feedback processes, even regulating or limiting other factors. (2) The impact of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions may be intensified primarily through enhanced nitrogen metabolism via microbial anaerobes bacteria. Essential insights into invasion ecology and ecological management have been provided by analysing how nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve nitrogen metabolism and establish sustainable methods for controlling invasive plant species. This in-depth study contributes to our better understanding of the lasting effects of plant invasions on ecosystems and provides valuable guidance for future ecological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cui
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haochen Yu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xue Fan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junjie Lian
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shihong Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhaoqi Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guangqian Ren
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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2
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Van Cauwenberghe J, Simms EL. How might bacteriophages shape biological invasions? mBio 2023; 14:e0188623. [PMID: 37812005 PMCID: PMC10653932 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01886-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasions by eukaryotes dependent on environmentally acquired bacterial mutualists are often limited by the ability of bacterial partners to survive and establish free-living populations. Focusing on the model legume-rhizobium mutualism, we apply invasion biology hypotheses to explain how bacteriophages can impact the competitiveness of introduced bacterial mutualists. Predicting how phage-bacteria interactions affect invading eukaryotic hosts requires knowing the eco-evolutionary constraints of introduced and native microbial communities, as well as their differences in abundance and diversity. By synthesizing research from invasion biology, as well as bacterial, viral, and community ecology, we create a conceptual framework for understanding and predicting how phages can affect biological invasions through their effects on bacterial mutualists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ellen L. Simms
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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3
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Liu G, Liu R, Lee BR, Song X, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Shi Y. The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3190. [PMID: 37765354 PMCID: PMC10534310 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mountain ranges have been previously suggested to act as natural barriers to plant invasion due to extreme environmental conditions. However, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect invasion into these systems has been less explored. Here, we investigated how changes in AMF communities affect the performance of Galinsoga quadriradiata in mountain ranges. We performed a greenhouse experiment to study the impact of inoculations of AMF from different elevations on the performance and reproduction of invaders and how competition with native plants changes the effects of invader-AMF interactions. We found strong evidence for a nuanced role of AMF associations in the invasion trajectory of G. quadriradiata, with facilitative effects at low elevations and inhibitory effects at high elevations. Galinsoga quadriradiata performed best when grown with inoculum collected from the same elevation but performed worst when grown with inoculum collected from beyond its currently invaded range, suggesting that AMF communities can help deter invasion at high elevations. Finally, the invasive plants grown alone experienced negative effects from AMF, while those grown in competition experienced positive effects, regardless of the AMF source. This suggests that G. quadriradiata lowers its partnerships with AMF in stressful environments unless native plants are present, in which case it overpowers native plants to obtain AMF support during invasion. Finally, our results indicate that invader-AMF interactions can inhibit invasive range expansion at high elevations, and biotic interactions, in addition to harsh environmental conditions, make high-elevation mountain ranges natural barriers against continued invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Benjamin R. Lee
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Holden Forest and Gardens, Kirtland, OH 44094, USA
| | - Xingjiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wengang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.L.); (X.S.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.S.)
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4
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Wu M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhu T, Sun M. Physiology and transcriptome analysis of the response mechanism of Solidago canadensis to the nitrogen addition environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1005023. [PMID: 36866368 PMCID: PMC9971938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that can adapt to variable environmental conditions. To explore the molecular mechanism of the response to nitrogen (N) addition conditions in S. canadensis, physiology and transcriptome analysis were performed with samples that cultured by natural and three N level conditions. Comparative analysis detected many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the function of plant growth and development, photosynthesis, antioxidant, sugar metabolism and secondary metabolism pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in plant growth, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis were upregulated. Furthermore, secondary metabolism-related genes were specifically expressed among the different groups; for example, most DEGs related to phenol and flavonoid synthesis were downregulated in the N-level environment. Most DEGs related to diterpenoid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis were upregulated. In addition, many physiological responses, such as antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, were elevated by the N environment, which was consistent with the gene expression levels in each group. Collectively, our observations indicated that S. canadensis may be promoted by N deposition conditions with the alteration of plant growth, secondary metabolism and physiological accumulation.
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Yang B, Cui M, Du Y, Ren G, Li J, Wang C, Li G, Dai Z, Rutherford S, Wan JSH, Du D. Influence of multiple global change drivers on plant invasion: Additive effects are uncommon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020621. [PMID: 36452088 PMCID: PMC9702074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants threaten biodiversity and cause huge economic losses. It is thought that global change factors (GCFs) associated with climate change (including shifts in temperature, precipitation, nitrogen, and atmospheric CO2) will amplify their impacts. However, only few studies assessed mixed factors on plant invasion. We collated the literature on plant responses to GCFs to explore independent, combined, and interactive effects on performance and competitiveness of native and invasive plants. From 176 plant species, our results showed that: (1) when native and invasive plants are affected by both independent and multiple GCFs, there is an overall positive effect on plant performance, but a negative effect on plant competitiveness; (2) under increased precipitation or in combination with temperature, most invasive plants gain advantages over natives; and (3) interactions between GCFs on plant performance and competitiveness were mostly synergistic or antagonistic. Our results indicate that native and invasive plants may be affected by independent or combined GCFs, and invasive plants likely gain advantages over native plants. The interactive effects of factors on plants were non-additive, but the advantages of invasive plants may not increase indefinitely. Our findings show that inferring the impacts of climate change on plant invasion from factors individually could be misleading. More mixed factor studies are needed to predict plant invasions under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - MiaoMiao Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - YiZhou Du
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - GuangQian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - CongYan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - GuanLin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - ZhiCong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Susan Rutherford
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Justin S. H. Wan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - DaoLin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Bokhorst S, Convey P, van Logtestijn R, Aerts R. Temperature impact on the influence of penguin-derived nutrients and mosses on non-native grass in a simulated polar ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:816-828. [PMID: 34747548 PMCID: PMC9299205 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activity and climate change are increasing the spread of species across the planet, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasion engineers, such as birds, facilitate plant growth through manuring of soil, while native vegetation influences plant germination by creating suitable microhabitats which are especially valuable in cold and dry polar regions. Here we tested how penguin-derived nitrogen, several common Antarctic moss species and warming affect seed germination and growth of the non-native grass Agrostis capillaris under laboratory conditions. Experimental settings included a simulation of contemporary season-specific Antarctic light and temperature (2°C) conditions and a +5°C warming scenario. Mosses (Andreaea depressinervis, A. regularis, Sanionia uncinata and Chorisodontium aciphyllum) incorporated a range of nitrogen content and isotopic nitrogen signatures (δ15 N) due to variation in sampling proximity to penguin colonies. Moss species greatly affected time to germination with consequences for further growth under the simulated Antarctic conditions. Grass seeds germinated 10 days earlier among A. regularis compared to S. uncinata and C. aciphyllum and 26 days earlier compared to A. depressinervis. Moss-specific effects are likely related to microclimatic differences within the moss canopy. Warming reduced this moss influence. Grass emerged on average 20 days earlier under warming, leading to increased leaf count (88%), plant height (112%) and biomass (145%). Positive correlations were identified between moss and grass nitrogen content (r = 0.377), grass biomass (r = 0.332) and height (r = 0.742) with stronger effects under the warming scenario. Transfer of nitrogen from moss to grass was confirmed by δ15 N (r = 0.803). Overall, the results suggest a shift from temperature-limited to N-limited growth of invasive plants under increased warming in the maritime Antarctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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7
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Paulus KR, Marshall JM. Competitive Interactions between Two Non-Native Species (Alliaria petiolata [M. Bieb.] Cavara & Grande and Hesperis matronalis L.) and a Native Species (Ageratina altissima [L.] R.M. King & H. Rob.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030374. [PMID: 35161355 PMCID: PMC8839745 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alliaria petiolata and Hesperis matronalis are wide-ranging non-native species in North America. Ageratina altissima is native to North America but has become a concern as an invasive species in Asia. A replacement series experiment was established to quantify the competitive interactions between these three species and to rank their relative competitiveness with each other. We assessed leaf count, chlorophyll content, and aboveground biomass with comparisons between replacement series mixtures and competition species. Overall leaf count and aboveground biomass were greatest in A. altissima and chlorophyll content was lowest in A. petiolata. Chlorophyll content and aboveground biomass were lower for A. altissima in competition with A. petiolata compared to H. matronalis. Leaf count for A. petiolata was lower in competition with A. altissima compared to H. matronalis. Aboveground biomass for H. matronalis was lower in competition regardless of the species compared to monoculture. There were also negative trends in biomass for A. petiolata in competition with increasing neighbors. However, for A. altissima, the negative trend in biomass was with A. petiolata, H. matronalis did not negatively affect A. altissima biomass. Our rank order of competitiveness was A. altissima > A. petiolata >> H. matronalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra R. Paulus
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA
| | - Jordan M. Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Huang P, Shen F, Abbas A, Wang H, Du Y, Du D, Hussain S, Javed T, Alamri S. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms and Competitive Treatments on the Growth and Antioxidant System of Wedelia trilobata and Wedelia chinensis Under High Nitrogen Concentrations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:851099. [PMID: 35401616 PMCID: PMC8988914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.851099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. Appropriate application of N can improve the N use efficiency (NUE) and significantly promote plants' growth. However, under N toxic conditions, the relationship between the growth and antioxidant system of invasive plants under different N forms and competitive treatments is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the performance of invasive species Wedelia trilobata and its native species Wedelia chinensis was evaluated under two sets of N forms and ratios, namely, NH4 +-N(AN)/NO3 --N(NN) = 2:1 and NH4 +-N(AN)/NO3 --N(NN) = 1:2 along with two intraspecific and interspecific competitions under without N and high N level of 15 g N⋅m-2 year-1, respectively. Data regarding the growth indices, antioxidant enzyme activities, including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline contents were determined. Results showed that for competitive treatments, growth status was better for interspecific competition than intraspecific competition. The plant biomass of W. trilobata was significantly higher than that of W. chinensis. N significantly promoted the plants' growth in terms of leaf area and biomass yield, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased under a high N treatment than that of the control. Among N forms/ratios, ammonium N (AN)/nitrate N (NN) = 2:1 significantly enhanced the enzyme activity, particularly in W. trilobata. Furthermore, for intraspecific competition, MDA contents of W. trilobata were significantly decreased compared to that of W. chinensis. In conclusion, our results showed that W. trilobata adapted well under competitive conditions through better growth and antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Huang,
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yizhou Du
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Daolin Du,
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Talha Javed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Chen H, Huang X, Shi W, Kronzucker HJ, Hou L, Yang H, Song Q, Liu J, Shi J, Yang Q, Zou N. Coordination of nitrogen uptake and assimilation favours the growth and competitiveness of moso bamboo over native tree species in high-NH 4+ environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153508. [PMID: 34536905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and competitive strength are major mechanisms determining the success of invasive species and are influenced by abiotic factors. A rise in the ratio of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) in soils is frequently associated with the invasion of bamboo into broad-leaved evergreen forests. However, the influence of soil nitrogen (N) chemistry on plant growth and interspecific competition in the context of invasion remains insufficiently studied. In the present work, differences in plasticity and interspecific competition between native tree species in broad-leaved evergreen forests and invasive bamboo in response to different N forms were investigated using seedlings grown in a controlled environment. We show that moso bamboo responded positively and strongly to increased soil NH4+/NO3- ratios, while the native tree species Sapium sebiferum, Camellia oleifera, and Machilus pauhoi responded negatively and exhibited limited plasticity. Native tree species growth was significantly inhibited in the presence of moso bamboo under high-NH4+ conditions, whereas native tree species were less affected by interspecific competition when NO3- was supplied as the sole N source. By contrast, moso bamboo growth was significantly inhibited, followed by seedling death, in both monoculture and in mixed culture with prolonged NO3- treatment. All species tested exhibited significantly higher rates of 15NH4+ than 15NO3- uptake, but the Michaelis constant (Km) for 15NH4+ uptake was lower in moso bamboo, indicating higher substrate affinity. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities showed no inducible effects in moso bamboo compared to the induction response seen in the native tree species in response to NO3-. Activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) significantly increased with NH4+ provision in roots of moso bamboo, contrasted by a less plastic response in the native tree species. Enhanced ammonification and reduced nitrification in soils is typically observed during bamboo invasion and appears to create a positive soil-plant feedback loop that, due to highly flexible and opportunistic NH4+-acquisition pathways, favours bamboo fitness and invasion into native forests when NH4+ is the dominant N form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Chen
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lihan Hou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qingni Song
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Shi
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Na Zou
- College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
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10
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Liu RL, Yang YB, Lee BR, Liu G, Zhang WG, Chen XY, Song XJ, Kang JQ, Zhu ZH. The dispersal-related traits of an invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata correlate with elevation during range expansion into mountain ranges. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab008. [PMID: 34194688 PMCID: PMC8237851 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting shifts in trait values among populations of an invasive plant is important for assessing invasion risks and predicting future spread. Although a growing number of studies suggest that the dispersal propensity of invasive plants increases during range expansion, there has been relatively little attention paid to dispersal patterns along elevational gradients. In this study, we tested the differentiation of dispersal-related traits in an invasive plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata, across populations at different elevations in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains in central China. Seed mass-area ratio (MAR), an important seed dispersal-related trait, of 45 populations from along an elevational gradient was measured, and genetic variation of 23 populations was quantified using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Individuals from four populations were then planted in a greenhouse to compare their performance under shared conditions. Changing patterns of seed dispersal-related traits and populations genetic diversity along elevation were tested using linear regression. Mass-area ratio of G. quadriradiata increased, while genetic diversity decreased with elevation in the field survey. In the greenhouse, populations of G. quadriradiata sourced from different elevations showed a difference response of MAR. These results suggest that although rapid evolution may contribute to the range expansion of G. quadriradiata in mountain ranges, dispersal-related traits will also likely be affected by phenotypic plasticity. This challenges the common argument that dispersal ability of invasive plants increases along dispersal routes. Furthermore, our results suggest that high-altitude populations would be more effective at seed dispersal once they continue to expand their range downslope on the other side. Our experiment provides novel evidence that the spread of these high-altitude populations may be more likely than previously theorized and that they should thus be cautiously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Qing Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Akin-Fajiye M, Schmidt AC, Fraser LH. Soil nutrients and variation in biomass rather than native species richness influence introduced plant richness in a semi-arid grassland. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Liu G, Liu RL, Zhang WG, Yang YB, Bi XQ, Li MZ, Chen XY, Nie H, Zhu ZH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rate of an exotic plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata, in mountain ranges changes with altitude. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:161-171. [PMID: 33559745 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are suggested to be important for invasions by many exotic plants. However, it is not yet known how associations between AMF and invasive plant populations change in mountains ranges and how changed associations affect further expansion of different populations in new habitats. We conducted a field survey to detect AMF colonization rate of the invasive Galinsoga quadriradiata along an elevational gradient ranging from 223 to 1947 masl in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains, China. Additionally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare plant growth performance among five elevational populations. In the field, total plant mass and seed production, as well as root AMF colonization rate, significantly decreased with elevation. When populations were grown in a novel soil environment in the greenhouse, the high-altitude populations achieved higher seed and total mass at lower AMF colonization rate than the low-altitude populations. Moreover, high AMF association was related to high intraspecific competition within low-altitude populations and limited seed production. Our results revealed that the associations between AMF and G. quadriradiata decrease with altitude in mountain ranges, and this may indicate that differentiation of association between AMF and elevational populations occurs during range expansion of G. quadriradiata. The results of the greenhouse experiment suggest that the high-altitude populations are more aggressive than the low-altitude populations in a non-stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rui-Ling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Nie
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Cesarino I, Dello Ioio R, Kirschner GK, Ogden MS, Picard KL, Rast-Somssich MI, Somssich M. Plant science's next top models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1-23. [PMID: 32271862 PMCID: PMC7304477 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Model organisms are at the core of life science research. Notable examples include the mouse as a model for humans, baker's yeast for eukaryotic unicellular life and simple genetics, or the enterobacteria phage λ in virology. Plant research was an exception to this rule, with researchers relying on a variety of non-model plants until the eventual adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana as primary plant model in the 1980s. This proved to be an unprecedented success, and several secondary plant models have since been established. Currently, we are experiencing another wave of expansion in the set of plant models. SCOPE Since the 2000s, new model plants have been established to study numerous aspects of plant biology, such as the evolution of land plants, grasses, invasive and parasitic plant life, adaptation to environmental challenges, and the development of morphological diversity. Concurrent with the establishment of new plant models, the advent of the 'omics' era in biology has led to a resurgence of the more complex non-model plants. With this review, we introduce some of the new and fascinating plant models, outline why they are interesting subjects to study, the questions they will help to answer, and the molecular tools that have been established and are available to researchers. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying all aspects of plant biology can only be achieved with the adoption of a comprehensive set of models, each of which allows the assessment of at least one aspect of plant life. The model plants described here represent a step forward towards our goal to explore and comprehend the diversity of plant form and function. Still, several questions remain unanswered, but the constant development of novel technologies in molecular biology and bioinformatics is already paving the way for the next generation of plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cesarino
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Division of Crop Functional Genomics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael S Ogden
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kelsey L Picard
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Madlen I Rast-Somssich
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Somssich
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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Javed Q, Sun J, Azeem A, Jabran K, Du D. Competitive ability and plasticity of Wedelia trilobata (L.) under wetland hydrological variations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9431. [PMID: 32523106 PMCID: PMC7286891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth behavior of different species under different habitats can be studied by comparing the production of biomass, plasticity index and relative competitive interaction. However, these functional traits of invasive species received rare consideration for determining the invasion success of invasive species at wetlands. Here, we examined the effect of water depth at 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated) with different nutrient concentrations (full-strength (n1), 1/4-strength (n2) and 1/8-strength (n3) Hoagland solution) on functional traits of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its congener native Wedelia chinensis under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5 cm with any of the nutrient treatments (n1, n2 and n3) significantly restrained the photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis. While, increase in the water depth to 15 cm with low nutrient treatment (n3) reduced more of biomass of W. chinensis under mixed culture. However, relative competition interaction (RCI) was recorded positive for W. trilobata and seemingly W. trilobata benefited more from RCI under high-fluctuated water depth at 15 cm in mixed culture. Therefore, higher PNUE, more competitive ability and higher plasticity may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Javed
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Ahmad Azeem
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. .,Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Sun J, Javed Q, Azeem A, Ullah I, Saifullah M, Kama R, Du D. Fluctuated water depth with high nutrient concentrations promote the invasiveness of Wedelia trilobata in Wetland. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:832-842. [PMID: 32015847 PMCID: PMC6988542 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of invasive and native species in wetlands is determined by hydrological conditions; whereas conditions such as water depth fluctuations, variations in the nutrient concentrations are expected to affect the growth and physiological traits of plants. For the assessment of such effects, we conduct greenhouse experiment with three factors; 1) water depth of 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated); 2) three levels of nutrient concentrations (i) full-strength Hoagland solution (N1), (ii) ¼-strength Hoagland solution (N2), and (iii) 1/8-strength Hoagland solution (N3); and 3) species, invasive Wedelia trilobata (L.) and its congener, native Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5 cm combined with any of the nutrient treatments significantly restrained the photosynthesis, intracellular CO2 concentration and leaf chlorophyll of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis. Increase in the water depth to 15 cm with low-nutrient treatment N3 did not sustain the physiological traits of W. chinensis under mono and mixed planting. A great loss was noted in the growth of W. chinensis at 15 cm static and fluctuated water depth with low-nutrient treatment (N3) and under mixed culture. In addition, water depth fluctuations with both low- and high-nutrient treatments significantly affected the root-shoot ratio, relative growth rate, and interspecific interaction among these two species. W. trilobata benefited more from competitive interaction index (CII) under fluctuated water depth at 15 cm with high nutrients, and the value of CII was clearly positive. Therefore, higher competitive ability may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Qaiser Javed
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Ahmad Azeem
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of EducationInstitute of Agricultural EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Muhammad Saifullah
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Rakhwe Kama
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and TechnologyMinistry of EducationInstitute of Agricultural EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
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16
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Kołodziejek J. Growth performance and emergence of invasive alien Rumex confertus in different soil types. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19678. [PMID: 31873118 PMCID: PMC6928216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex confertus is known to be one of the most serious invasive weed species infesting meadows, pastures and ruderal lands throughout the Central Europe. Rumex confertus was grown in pot experiments using 8 soil types at 5 concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Based on harvest data, the variables, seedlings emergence, root: shoot (R: S) ratio, N and P concentration, chlorophyll content, Relative Colimitation Index (RCI) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. N and P addition stimulated the growth of plants in different soils, as reflected by a significant increase in seedling growth parameters such as total plant biomass and shoot biomass. Across all soil types, emergence of seedlings was negatively affected by very high N, but positively affected by increased P availability. This study indicates that Dystric Arenosol, Entic Podzol, Brunic Arenosol and Calcaric Leptosol are unfavorable for R. confertus growth, excluding R. confertus completely. Moreover, evidence suggests that plant growth is limited by both N and P, therefore R. confertus could be controlled by reducing available N and P content in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremi Kołodziejek
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
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