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Rduch T, Arn N, Kinkel J, Fischer T, Binet I, Hornung R, Herrmann IK. Magnetic blood purification-based soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 removal in comparison with dextran sulfate apheresis and therapeutic plasma exchange. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1309-1318. [PMID: 36995348 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia remains one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. Effective therapies are yet to be developed. Recent research has identified an imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors as a root cause of preeclampsia. In particular, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) has been shown to bind the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), reducing blood vessel growth. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that removal of the sFlt-1 protein may benefit patients with early onset preeclampsia. sFlt-1 may be removed by conventional blood purification techniques, such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and dextran sulfate apheresis (DSA), or emerging technologies, including extracorporeal magnetic blood purification (MBP). METHODS We compare the performance and selectivity of TPE, DSA, and MBP for the therapeutic removal of sFlt-1. For MPB, we employ magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with either sFlt-1 antibodies or the sFlt-1-binding partner, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS We demonstrate that sFlt-1 removal by MBP is feasible and significantly more selective than TPE and DSA at comparable sFlt-1 removal efficiencies (MBP 96%, TPE 92%, DSA 78%). During both TPE and DSA, complement factors (incl. C3c and C4) are depleted to a considerable extent (-90% for TPE, -55% for DSA), while in MBP, complement factor concentrations remain unaltered. We further demonstrate that the removal efficacy of sFlt-1 in the MBP approach is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle type and dose and can be optimized to reach clinically feasible throughputs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the highly selective removal of sFlt-1 and potential other disease-causing factors by extracorporeal magnetic blood purification may offer new prospects for preeclamptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rduch
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Arn
- Clinic for Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Janis Kinkel
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Fischer
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Binet
- Clinic for Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - René Hornung
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Everaert K, Sander T, Körber R, Löwa N, Van Waeyenberge B, Leliaert J, Wiekhorst F. Monitoring magnetic nanoparticle clustering and immobilization with thermal noise magnetometry using optically pumped magnetometers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2341-2351. [PMID: 37056624 PMCID: PMC10089116 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00016h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal noise magnetometry (TNM) is a recently developed magnetic characterization technique where thermally induced fluctuations in magnetization are measured to gain insight into nanomagnetic structures like magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Due to the stochastic nature of the method, its signal amplitude scales with the square of the volume of the individual fluctuators, which makes the method therefore extra attractive to study MNP clustering and aggregation processes. Until now, TNM signals have exclusively been detected by using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor. In contrast, we present here a tabletop setup using optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) in a compact magnetic shield, as a flexible alternative. The agreement between results obtained with both measurement systems is shown for different commercially available MNP samples. We argue that the OPM setup with low complexity complements the SQUID setup with high sensitivity and bandwidth. Furthermore, the OPM tabletop setup is well suited to monitor aggregation processes because of its excellent sensitivity in lower frequencies. As a proof of concept, we show the changes in the noise spectrum for three different MNP immobilization and clustering processes. From our results, we conclude that the tabletop setup offers a flexible and widely adoptable measurement unit to monitor the immobilization, aggregation, and clustering of MNPs for different applications, including interactions of the particles with biological systems and the long-term stability of magnetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrijn Everaert
- Department of Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
- Ghent University, Department of Solid State Sciences Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Tilmann Sander
- Department of Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Körber
- Department of Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Department of Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartel Van Waeyenberge
- Ghent University, Department of Solid State Sciences Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Jonathan Leliaert
- Ghent University, Department of Solid State Sciences Krijgslaan 281/S1 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Department of Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Abbestraße 2-12 10587 Berlin Germany
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3
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Detection of magnetic iron nanoparticles by single-particle ICP-TOFMS: case study for a magnetic filtration medical device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6743-6751. [PMID: 35864268 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in medical products and devices. Their properties are critical for such applications, as particle characteristics determine their interaction with the biological system, and, therefore, the performance and safety of the final product. Among the most important nanoparticle characteristics and parameters are particle mass distribution, composition, total particle mass, and number concentration. In this study, we utilize single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (spICP-TOFMS) for the characterization of inorganic nanoparticles in complex biological fluids. We report online microdroplet calibration for reference-nanomaterial-free and matrix-matched calibration of carbon-coated iron carbide nanoparticles (C/Fe3C NPs). As a case study, we analyze C/Fe3C NPs designed for targeted blood purification. Through the analysis of NP mass distributions, we study the effect of the NP surface modification on aggregation of C/Fe3C NPs in whole blood. We also demonstrate the efficiency of removal of coated C/Fe3C NP from saline by magnetically enhanced filters. Magnetic filtering is shown to reduce the mass concentration of detectable C/Fe3C NPs by 99.99 ± 0.01% in water.
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4
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Removal of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples of Cancer Patients Using Highly Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Translational Research Project. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071397. [PMID: 35890293 PMCID: PMC9315588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The count of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been associated with a worse prognosis in different types of cancer. Perioperatively, CTCs detach due to mechanical forces. Diagnostic tools exist to detect and isolate CTCs, but no therapeutic technique is currently available to remove CTCs in vivo from unprocessed blood. The aim of this study was to design and test new magnetic nanoparticles to purify whole blood from CTCs. Novel magnetic carbon-coated cobalt (C/Co) nanoparticles conjugated with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies were synthesized, and their antifouling and separation properties were determined. The newly developed C/Co nanoparticles showed excellent separation and antifouling properties. They efficiently removed tumor cells that were added to healthy subjects’ blood samples, through an anti-EpCAM antibody interaction. The nanoparticles did not interact with other blood components, such as lymphocytes or the coagulation system. In blood samples of carcinoma patients suffering from metastatic disease, on average, ≥68% of CTCs were removed. These nanoparticles could prompt the development of a blood purification technology, such as a dialysis-like device, to perioperatively remove CTCs from the blood of cancer patients in vivo and potentially improve their prognosis.
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5
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Nakai T. Nondestructive Detection of Magnetic Contaminant in Aluminum Casting Using Thin Film Magnetic Sensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21124063. [PMID: 34204796 PMCID: PMC8231637 DOI: 10.3390/s21124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thin film magneto-impedance sensor is useful for detecting a magnetic material nondestructively. The sensor made by single layer uniaxial amorphous thin film has a tolerance against surface normal magnetic field because of its demagnetizing force in the thickness direction. Our previous study proposed the sensitive driving circuit using 400 MHz high frequency current running through the sensor to detect the logarithmic amplifier. We also confirmed the sensitivity of the sensor within 0.3 T static normal magnetic field, which resulted in detection of 5 × 10-8 T of 5 Hz signal. This paper proposes a nondestructive inspection system for how detecting a contaminant of small tool steel chipping in aluminum casting specimen would be carried out. Three channel array sensors installed in the 30 mT static field detecting area were fabricated and experimentally showed a detection of low remanence magnetic contaminant in a bulk aluminum casing specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Nakai
- Industrial Technology Institute, Miyagi Prefectural Government, Sendai 981-3206, Japan
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6
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Soheilian A, Tehranchi MM, Ranjbaran M. Detection of magnetic tracers with M x atomic magnetometer for application to blood velocimetry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7156. [PMID: 33785777 PMCID: PMC8010102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the new generation of blood velocimeter systems, considerable attention has been paid to atomic magnetometers due to their high resolution and high sensitivity for detection of magnetic tracers. Passing the magnetic tracers adjacent to the atomic magnetometer produces a spike-like signal, the shape of which depends on the position of the tracer, as well as its velocity and orientation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of abrupt variations in the instantaneous velocity of the magnetic tracer on the magnetometer response compare to constant velocity. Modeling the magnetic tracer as a dipole moment indicated that the velocity dependence of the magnetic field and local magnetic field gradient associated with moving magnetic tracer cause the spike-like signal to go out of symmetry in the case of variable velocity. Based on the experimental results, any instantaneous variation in tracer velocity leads to shrinkage in the signal width. The behavior has been studied for both magnetic microwire with variable instantaneous velocity and magnetic droplets in stenosis artery phantom. In addition, the position of the tracer could be detected by following the shrinkage behavior which may occur on the peak, valley, or both. These advantageous outcomes can be applied for high sensitivity diagnosis of arterial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Soheilian
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ,grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Ranjbaran
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Physics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Doswald S, Stark WJ. Preparation of Functionalized Carbon-Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles with Sulfonated Arene Derivatives, a Study on Surface Functionalization and Stability. Chemistry 2021; 27:4108-4114. [PMID: 33350514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles has been an important field in the last decade due to the versatile applications in catalysis and biomedicine. Generally, a high degree of functionalities on the surface of the nanoparticles is desired. In this study, covalent functionalization of various aromatic sulfonic acids on carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles are investigated on surface functionalization yield and stability. The nanoparticles are prepared via covalent linkage of an in situ generated diazonium on the graphene-like surface. Adsorption and wash experiments were performed to confirm a covalent bonding of the naphthalene derivatives on the nanoparticle surface. With an increased number of sulfonic acid groups on the aromatic compound a significantly lower loading is observed on the corresponding functionalized nanoparticles. This can be counteracted by a change of nitrite species. With this method, nanoparticles with a high number of sulfonic acid groups can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doswald
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Hong HG, Park SE, Lee SB, Heo MS, Park J, Kim TH, Kim HY, Kwon TY. Chip-Scale Ultra-Low Field Atomic Magnetometer Based on Coherent Population Trapping. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041517. [PMID: 33671625 PMCID: PMC7926612 DOI: 10.3390/s21041517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a chip-scale atomic magnetometer based on coherent population trapping, which can operate near zero magnetic field. By exploiting the asymmetric population among magnetic sublevels in the hyperfine ground state of cesium, we observe that the resonance signal acquires sensitivity to magnetic field in spite of degeneracy. A dispersive signal for magnetic field discrimination is obtained near-zero-field as well as for finite fields (tens of micro-tesla) in a chip-scale device of 0.94 cm3 volume. This shows that it can be readily used in low magnetic field environments, which have been inaccessible so far in miniaturized atomic magnetometers based on coherent population trapping. The measured noise floor of 300 pT/Hz1/2 at the zero-field condition is comparable to that of the conventional finite-field measurement obtained under the same conditions. This work suggests a way to implement integrated atomic magnetometers with a wide operating range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gue Hong
- Time and Frequency Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (S.E.P.); (S.-B.L.); (M.-S.H.); (T.Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sang Eon Park
- Time and Frequency Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (S.E.P.); (S.-B.L.); (M.-S.H.); (T.Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Bum Lee
- Time and Frequency Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (S.E.P.); (S.-B.L.); (M.-S.H.); (T.Y.K.)
| | - Myoung-Sun Heo
- Time and Frequency Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (S.E.P.); (S.-B.L.); (M.-S.H.); (T.Y.K.)
| | - Jongcheol Park
- Department of Convergence Sensor, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.P.); (T.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Convergence Sensor, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.P.); (T.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Department of Convergence Sensor, National NanoFab Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.P.); (T.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Taeg Yong Kwon
- Time and Frequency Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (S.E.P.); (S.-B.L.); (M.-S.H.); (T.Y.K.)
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9
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Doswald S, Stark WJ. Low molecular weight glycerol derived coatings on magnetic nanoparticles: role of initiator, temperature, rate of monomer addition, enhanced biocompatibility and stability. RSC Adv 2021; 11:40140-40147. [PMID: 35494117 PMCID: PMC9044556 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible polymer coatings for magnetic nanoparticles have shown to drastically increase their usability towards biomedical applications. The coatings imprint characteristics such as stability, resistance to non-specific adsorption and tolerance in complex media for biomedicine. Herein, a thorough investigation towards the anionic ring-opening polymerization of glycidol on the surface of carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticle was performed. Reaction parameters that influence polymer growth have been investigated. Thereafter, a maximal achievable hyperbranched polyglycidol Mw of up to 1148 g mol−1 under optimal reaction conditions was obtained. With this coating, the dispersion stability of the particles could be substantially increased, the non-specific adsorption of proteins could be decreased to 10% while retaining an efficient magnetic separation. A highly efficient coating process of magnetic nanoparticles with hyperbranched polyglycidol was investigated and the resulting particles were tested towards their biocompatible capabilities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doswald
- Departement of Chemistry and Applied Science, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin Jan Stark
- Departement of Chemistry and Applied Science, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Wu S, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang S, Xing F. Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Graphene Microfluidic Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1059. [PMID: 33265955 PMCID: PMC7760752 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review reports the progress of the recent development of graphene-based microfluidic sensors. The introduction of microfluidics technology provides an important possibility for the advance of graphene biosensor devices for a broad series of applications including clinical diagnosis, biological detection, health, and environment monitoring. Compared with traditional (optical, electrochemical, and biological) sensing systems, the combination of graphene and microfluidics produces many advantages, such as achieving miniaturization, decreasing the response time and consumption of chemicals, improving the reproducibility and sensitivity of devices. This article reviews the latest research progress of graphene microfluidic sensors in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, and biology. Here, the latest development trends of graphene-based microfluidic sensors as a new generation of detection tools in material preparation, device assembly, and chip materials are summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the working principles and applications of graphene-based microfluidic biosensors, especially in the detection of nucleic acid molecules, protein molecules, and bacterial cells. This article also discusses the challenges and prospects of graphene microfluidic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (S.Z.)
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12
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Blanchard JW, Wu T, Eills J, Hu Y, Budker D. Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance J-spectroscopy with commercial atomic magnetometers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 314:106723. [PMID: 32298993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) is an alternative spectroscopic method to high-field NMR, in which samples are studied in the absence of a large magnetic field. Unfortunately, there is a large barrier to entry for many groups, because operating the optical magnetometers needed for signal detection requires some expertise in atomic physics and optics. Commercially available magnetometers offer a solution to this problem. Here we describe a simple ZULF NMR configuration employing commercial magnetometers, and demonstrate sufficient functionality to measure samples with nuclear spins prepolarized in a permanent magnet or initialized using parahydrogen. This opens the possibility for other groups to use ZULF NMR, which provides a means to study complex materials without magnetic susceptibility-induced line broadening, and to observe samples through conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blanchard
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Teng Wu
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yinan Hu
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
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13
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Kang JH. Multiscale Biofluidic and Nanobiotechnology Approaches for Treating Sepsis in Extracorporeal Circuits. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020; 14:63-71. [PMID: 32218896 PMCID: PMC7095347 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and their pandemics periodically attract public interests due to difficulty in treating the patients and the consequent high mortality. Sepsis caused by an imbalanced systemic inflammatory response to infection often leads to organ failure and death. The current therapeutic intervention mainly includes “the sepsis bundles,” antibiotics (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal), intravenous fluids for resuscitation, and surgery, which have significantly improved the clinical outcomes in past decades; however, the patients with fulminant sepsis are still in desperate need of alternative therapeutic approaches. One of the potential supportive therapies, extracorporeal blood treatment, has emerged and been developed for improving the current therapeutic efficacy. Here, I overview how the treatment of infectious diseases has been assisted with the extracorporeal adjuvant therapy and the potential utility of various nanobiotechnology and microfluidic approaches for developing new auxiliary therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
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14
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Position and Direction Tracking of a Magnetic Object Based on an M x-Atomic Magnetometer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1294. [PMID: 31992759 PMCID: PMC6987138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote and non-invasive tracking of a moving magnetic object based on an atomic magnetometer has been developed recently. The sensitivity of atomic magnetometers is limited by mechanisms that relax the spin precession of alkali atoms. Meanwhile, some of these mechanisms such as magnetic field gradient are applicable in magnetic object tracking. Correspondingly, we have illustrated a way of operating an Mx atomic magnetometer to measure the magnetic field and its gradient simultaneously for a moving magnetic microwire, which resulted in recording a spike-like signal. We described the dependency of the signal on the position, velocity, and direction of the microwire. According to the results, the measurement of the inhomogeneous local magnetic field gradient opens new ways for obtaining the direction of the velocity of magnetic objects accessible in cells with large sizes. Furthermore, the accuracy of the velocimetry was found as 40 µm/s which could be an important means for assessing the microvascular blood flow.
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15
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Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM. Magnetic Particles for Advanced Molecular Diagnosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2158. [PMID: 31284393 PMCID: PMC6651565 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis is the field that aims to develop nucleic-acid-based analytical methods for biological markers and gene expression assessments by combining laboratory medicine and molecular genetics. As it gradually becomes a clinical reality, molecular diagnosis could benefit from improvements resulting from thorough studies that could enhance the accuracy of these methods. The application of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis tools has led to tremendous breakthroughs in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and discrimination in bioassays. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the principles involved in the implementation of magnetic particles for sample preparation and targeted analyte isolation, purification, and extraction. Furthermore, the most recent advancements in the area of cancer and infectious disease diagnosis are presented, with an emphasis on screening and early stage detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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Doswald S, Stark WJ, Beck-Schimmer B. Biochemical functionality of magnetic particles as nanosensors: how far away are we to implement them into clinical practice? J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:73. [PMID: 31151445 PMCID: PMC6544934 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanosensors have become attractive instruments for the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. They represent an efficient carrier system in drug delivery or in transporting contrast agents. For such purposes, magnetic nanosensors are used in vivo (intracorporeal application). To remove specific compounds from blood, magnetic nanosensors act as elimination system, which represents an extracorporeal approach. This review discusses principles, advantages and risks on recent advances in the field of magnetic nanosensors. First, synthesis methods for magnetic nanosensors and possibilities for enhancement of biocompatibility with different coating materials are addressed. Then, attention is devoted to clinical applications, in which nanosensors are or may be used as carrier- and elimination systems in the near future. Finally, risk considerations and possible effects of nanomaterials are discussed when working towards clinical applications with magnetic nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doswald
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin Jan Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Go with the flow: advances and trends in magnetic flow cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1839-1862. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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