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Omidfar K, Kashanian S. A mini review on recent progress of microfluidic systems for antibody development. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 38932846 PMCID: PMC11196548 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Antibody is specific reagent that be utilized in various field of biomedical research. Monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced using two common techniques namely hybridoma and antibody engineering, which suffer from some limitations such as boring screening procedures, long production time, low efficacy and a degree of automation. To address these limitations, various microfluidics techniques have been developed for the antibody isolation and screening. Methods This study specifically investigates nearly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results In this study, we identified a total of seventy papers from a pool of 130 articles. These papers focus on the application of three major groups of microfluidic platforms, namely valves, microwells, and droplets, in the development of antibodies using hybridoma method and phage display technology. We provide a summary of these applications and also discuss the key findings in this field. Additionally, we illustrate our discussion with several examples to enhance understanding. Conclusions Microfluidics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in streamlining complex laboratory procedures involved in antibody discovery. However, it is important to note that microfluidics is limited to laboratory settings. Further enhancements are needed to address existing challenges and to make microfluidics a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective tool for antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohiela Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
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2
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Kou J, Shen J, Wang Z, Yu W. Advances in hybridoma preparation using electrofusion technology. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200428. [PMID: 37402172 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
As a rapidly developing cell engineering technique, cell electrofusion has been increasingly applied in the field of hybridoma preparation in recent years. However, it is difficult to completely replace the polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion using electrofusion due to the high operation requirements, high cost of electrofusion instruments, and lack of prior reference research work. The key elements limiting electrofusion in the field of hybridoma preparation also introduce practical complications, such as the use/choice of electrofusion instruments, setup/optimization of electrical parameters, and precise control of cells. This review summarizes the state of the art of cell electrofusion in hybridoma preparation based on recent published literature, mainly focusing on electrofusion instruments and their components, process control and characterization, and cell treatment. It also provides new information and insightful commentary critically important for further electrofusion development in the field of hybridoma preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Kou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhong J, Liang M, Tang Q, Ai Y. Selectable encapsulated cell quantity in droplets via label-free electrical screening and impedance-activated sorting. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100594. [PMID: 36910274 PMCID: PMC9999206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell encapsulation in droplets has become a powerful tool in immunotherapy, medicine discovery, and single-cell analysis, thanks to its capability for cell confinement in picoliter volumes. However, the purity and throughput of single-cell droplets are limited by random encapsulation process, which resuts in a majority of empty and multi-cells droplets. Herein we introduce the first label-free selectable cell quantity encapsulation in droplets sorting system to overcome this problem. The system utilizes a simple and reliable electrical impedance based screening (98.9% of accuracy) integrated with biocompatible acoustic sorting to select single-cell droplets, achieving 90.3% of efficiency and up to 200 Hz of throughput, by removing multi-cells (∼60% of rejection) and empty droplets (∼90% of rejection). We demonstrate the use of the droplet sorting to improve the throughput of single-cell encapsulation by ∼9-fold compared to the conventional random encapsulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Minhui Liang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Qiang Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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4
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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5
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Sun H, Hu N, Wang J. Application of Microfluidic Technology in Antibody Screening. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100623. [PMID: 35481726 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Specific antibodies are widely used in the biomedical field. Current screening methods for specific antibodies mainly involve hybridoma technology and antibody engineering techniques. However, these technologies suffer from tedious screening processes, long preparation periods, high costs, low efficiency, and a degree of automation, which have become a bottleneck for the screening of specific antibodies. To overcome these difficulties, microfluidics has been developed as a promising technology for high-throughput screening and high purity of antibody. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic applications for specific antibody screening. In particular, hybridoma technology and four antibody engineering techniques (including phage display, single B cell antibody screening, antibody expression, and cell-free protein synthesis) based on microfluidics have been introduced, challenges, and the future outlook of these technologies are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Zhang KS, Nadkarni AV, Paul R, Martin AM, Tang SKY. Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7097-7141. [PMID: 35049287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms has enabled major advances in fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range from wound healing and regeneration studies to the generation of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies. Even today, these surgical operations are often performed manually, but they are labor intensive and lack reproducibility. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology to control and manipulate cells and multicellular systems at the micro- and nanoscale with high precision. Here, we review the physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery and the corresponding design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems. We consider four types of surgical operations: (1) sectioning, which splits a biological entity into multiple parts, (2) ablation, which destroys part of an entity, (3) biopsy, which extracts materials from within a living cell, and (4) fusion, which joins multiple entities into one. For each type of surgery, we summarize the motivating applications and the microfluidic devices developed. Throughout this review, we highlight existing challenges and opportunities. We hope that this review will inspire scientists and engineers to continue to explore and improve microfluidic surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rajorshi Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adrian M Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Pendharkar G, Lu YT, Chang CM, Lu MP, Lu CH, Chen CC, Liu CH. A Microfluidic Flip-Chip Combining Hydrodynamic Trapping and Gravitational Sedimentation for Cell Pairing and Fusion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112855. [PMID: 34831078 PMCID: PMC8616069 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell–immune cell hybrids and cancer immunotherapy have attracted much attention in recent years. The design of efficient cell pairing and fusion chips for hybridoma generation has been, subsequently, a subject of great interest. Here, we report a three-layered integrated Microfluidic Flip-Chip (MFC) consisting of a thin through-hole membrane sandwiched between a mirrored array of microfluidic channels and saw-tooth shaped titanium electrodes on the glass. We discuss the design and operation of MFC and show its applicability for cell fusion. The proposed device combines passive hydrodynamic phenomenon and gravitational sedimentation, which allows the transportation and trapping of homotypic and heterotypic cells in large numbers with pairing efficiencies of 75~78% and fusion efficiencies of 73%. Additionally, we also report properties of fused cells from cell biology perspectives, including combined fluorescence-labeled intracellular materials from THP1 and A549, mixed cell morphology, and cell viability. The MFC can be tuned for pairing and fusion of cells with a similar protocol for different cell types. The MFC can be easily disconnected from the test setup for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pendharkar
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan; (G.P.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Ta Lu
- Chest Department, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10449, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10449, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (M.-P.L.)
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10449, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (M.-P.L.)
| | - Meng-Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10449, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (M.-P.L.)
| | - Chung-Huan Lu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan; (G.P.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan; (G.P.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan; (G.P.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Fan L, Guan Z, Luo T, Ren J, Lam RHW, Sun D. High-throughput deterministic pairing and coculturing of single cells in a microwell array using combined hydrodynamic and recirculation flow captures. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:054103. [PMID: 34737839 PMCID: PMC8550803 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell level coculture facilitates the study of cellular interactions for uncovering unknown physiological mechanisms, which are crucial for the development of new therapies for diseases. However, efficient approaches for high-throughput deterministic pairing of single cells and traceable coculture remain lacking. In this study, we report a new microfluidic device, which combines hydrodynamic and recirculation flow captures, to achieve high-throughput and deterministic pairing of single cells in a microwell array for traceable coculture. Compared with the existing techniques, the developed device exhibits advantages with regard to pairing efficiency, throughput, determinacy, and traceability. Through repeating a two-step method, which sequentially captures single cells in a meandering channel and a microwell array, cell number and type can be easily controlled. Double and triple single-cell pairings have been demonstrated with an efficiency of 72.2% and 38.0%, respectively. Cellular engulfment using two breast cell lines is investigated on a developed microfluidic chip as a biological case study, in which the morphological characteristics and the incidence rate are analyzed. This research provides an efficient and reliable alternative for the coculture of single cells on the microfluidic platform for various biomedical applications, such as studying cellular engulfment and tumor sphere formation under single-cell pairing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangyan Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jifeng Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Podbiel D, Laermer F, Zengerle R, Hoffmann J. Fusing MEMS technology with lab-on-chip: nanoliter-scale silicon microcavity arrays for digital DNA quantification and multiplex testing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:82. [PMID: 34567692 PMCID: PMC8433415 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a microfluidic multiplexing technology for highly parallelized sample analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an array of 96 nanoliter-scale microcavities made from silicon. This PCR array technology features fully automatable aliquoting microfluidics, a robust sample compartmentalization up to temperatures of 95 °C, and an application-specific prestorage of reagents within the 25 nl microcavities. The here presented hybrid silicon-polymer microfluidic chip allows both a rapid thermal cycling of the liquid compartments and a real-time fluorescence read-out for a tracking of the individual amplification reactions taking place inside the microcavities. We demonstrate that the technology provides very low reagent carryover of prestored reagents < 6 × 10-2 and a cross talk rate < 1 × 10-3 per PCR cycle, which facilitate a multi-targeted sample analysis via geometric multiplexing. Furthermore, we apply this PCR array technology to introduce a novel digital PCR-based DNA quantification method: by taking the assay-specific amplification characteristics like the limit of detection into account, the method allows for an absolute gene target quantification by means of a statistical analysis of the amplification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Podbiel
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Franz Laermer
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hoffmann
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
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Hatte S, Dhar R, Bansal L, Chakraborty S, Basu S. On the lifetime of evaporating confined sessile droplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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