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Ren F, Yang M, Liu G, Qi Y, Li A, Li J, Zheng L. SIRT5-mediated PRKAA2 succinylation ameliorates apoptosis of human placental trophoblasts in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2358030. [PMID: 38785262 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2358030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) is a serious clinical disorder syndrome during pregnancy. This study aims at finding novel targets for HDCP therapy. METHODS HDCP-related mRNAs were firstly screened out and subjected to gene enrichment analysis. We chose protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 (PRKAA2) as the research object. Thirty-nine HDCP patients at 32 to 40 weeks of gestation were selected as the HDCP group, and 39 normal controls who received cesarean section delivery at 37-42 weeks of pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Chorionic villi samples were collected within 30 min of delivery. The apoptosis of isolated placental trophoblasts was monitored to investigate the regulatory role of PRKAA2. RESULTS PRKAA2 expression was further proven to be enhanced in the placental tissues of HDCP patients compared with that of normal puerpera. Subsequently, the results of flow cytometry analysis and western blot indicated that PRKAA2 overexpression accelerated primary placental cell apoptosis, while its knockdown attenuated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we determined that the level of PRKAA2 succinylation was elevated in the placental tissue of HDCP patients. Through in vitro succinylation assay and mutagenesis, we confirmed that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) interacts with PRKAA2 at K69 and K260 to induce PRKAA2 desuccinylation. SIRT5 regulated primary HDCP cell apoptosis through PRKAA2. Finally, the animal study revealed that PRKAA2 elevates the systolic blood pressure of HDCP rat model. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that SIRT5-mediated PRKAA2 succinylation modulates placental cell apoptosis in HDCP, suggesting that PRKAA2 is a potential therapeutic target for HDCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guangman Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuyan Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Aijie Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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2
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Hight SK, Clark TN, Kurita KL, McMillan EA, Bray W, Shaikh AF, Khadilkar A, Haeckl FPJ, Carnevale-Neto F, La S, Lohith A, Vaden RM, Lee J, Wei S, Lokey RS, White MA, Linington RG, MacMillan JB. High-throughput functional annotation of natural products by integrated activity profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208458119. [PMID: 36449542 PMCID: PMC9894231 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208458119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining mechanism of action (MOA) is one of the biggest challenges in natural products discovery. Here, we report a comprehensive platform that uses Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) to improve MOA predictions by integrating data from the cytological profiling high-content imaging platform and the gene expression platform Functional Signature Ontology, and pairs these data with untargeted metabolomics analysis for de novo bioactive compound discovery. The predictive value of the integrative approach was assessed using a library of target-annotated small molecules as benchmarks. Using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests to compare in-class to out-of-class similarity, we found that SNF retains the ability to identify significant in-class similarity across a diverse set of target classes, and could find target classes not detectable in either platform alone. This confirmed that integration of expression-based and image-based phenotypes can accurately report on MOA. Furthermore, we integrated untargeted metabolomics of complex natural product fractions with the SNF network to map biological signatures to specific metabolites. Three examples are presented where SNF coupled with metabolomics was used to directly functionally characterize natural products and accelerate identification of bioactive metabolites, including the discovery of the azoxy-containing biaryl compounds parkamycins A and B. Our results support SNF integration of multiple phenotypic screening approaches along with untargeted metabolomics as a powerful approach for advancing natural products drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie K Hight
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Trevor N Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kenji L Kurita
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A McMillan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Walter Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Anam F Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Aswad Khadilkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Scott La
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Akshar Lohith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Rachel M Vaden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jeon Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - R Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John B MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Prescription Drugs and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231068. [PMID: 35315490 PMCID: PMC9016406 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to the physiology and survival of nearly all eukaryotic cells and house diverse metabolic processes including oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species buffering, metabolite synthesis/exchange, and Ca2+ sequestration. Mitochondria are phenotypically heterogeneous and this variation is essential to the complexity of physiological function among cells, tissues, and organ systems. As a consequence of mitochondrial integration with so many physiological processes, small molecules that modulate mitochondrial metabolism induce complex systemic effects. In the case of many common prescribed drugs, these interactions may contribute to drug therapeutic mechanisms, induce adverse drug reactions, or both. The purpose of this article is to review historical and recent advances in the understanding of the effects of prescription drugs on mitochondrial metabolism. Specific 'modes' of xenobiotic-mitochondria interactions are discussed to provide a set of qualitative models that aid in conceptualizing how the mitochondrial energy transduction system may be affected. Findings of recent in vitro high-throughput screening studies are reviewed, and a few candidate drug classes are chosen for additional brief discussion (i.e. antihyperglycemics, antidepressants, antibiotics, and antihyperlipidemics). Finally, recent improvements in pharmacokinetic models that aid in quantifying systemic effects of drug-mitochondria interactions are briefly considered.
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4
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Seebacher NA, Krchniakova M, Stacy AE, Skoda J, Jansson PJ. Tumour Microenvironment Stress Promotes the Development of Drug Resistance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1801. [PMID: 34829672 PMCID: PMC8615091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and it continues to be a major barrier to cancer treatment. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has proven to play an essential role in not only cancer progression and metastasis, but also the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Despite the significant advances in the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, the development of drug resistance remains a major impediment to therapeutic success. This review highlights the interplay between various factors within the TME that collectively initiate or propagate MDR. The key TME-mediated mechanisms of MDR regulation that will be discussed herein include (1) altered metabolic processing and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) axis; (2) changes in stromal cells; (3) increased cancer cell survival via autophagy and failure of apoptosis; (4) altered drug delivery, uptake, or efflux and (5) the induction of a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. The review also discusses thought-provoking ideas that may assist in overcoming the TME-induced MDR. We conclude that stressors from the TME and exposure to chemotherapeutic agents are strongly linked to the development of MDR in cancer cells. Therefore, there remains a vast area for potential research to further elicit the interplay between factors existing both within and outside the TME. Elucidating the mechanisms within this network is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies that are less prone to failure due to the development of resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Krchniakova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra E. Stacy
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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5
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Ren Y, Chen J, Chen P, Hao Q, Cheong LK, Tang M, Hong LL, Hu XY, Celestial T Yap, Bay BH, Ling ZQ, Shen HM. Oxidative stress-mediated AMPK inactivation determines the high susceptibility of LKB1-mutant NSCLC cells to glucose starvation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:128-139. [PMID: 33636336 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an important tumor suppressor and its loss-of-function mutations are observed in around 16% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. One of the main functions of LKB1 is to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via direct phosphorylation. Under metabolic or energy stress conditions, the LKB1-AMPK axis inhibits the anabolic pathways and activates the catabolic pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis for cell survival. In this study, we found that LKB1-mutant NSCLC cells are particularly susceptible to cell death induced by glucose starvation, but not by other forms of starvation such as amino acid starvation or serum starvation. Reconstitution of LKB1 in LKB1-mutant cells or LKB1 knockout in LKB1-wild type cells highlighted the importance of the LKB1-AMPK axis for cell survival under glucose starvation. Mechanistically, in LKB1-mutant cells, glucose starvation elicits oxidative stress, which causes AMPK protein oxidation and inactivation, and eventually cell death. Importantly, this process could be effectively reversed and rescued by 2DG (a glucose analog capable of producing NADPH, a key antioxidant), A769662 (an allosteric AMPK activator), and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (a ROS scavenger), indicating the presence of a vicious circle between AMPK inactivation and ROS in LKB1-mutant NSCLC cells under glucose starvation. Our study thus elucidates the critical role of redox balance in determining the susceptibility to cell death under glucose starvation in LKB1-mutant NSCLC cells. The findings from this study reveal important clues in search of novel therapeutic strategies for LKB1-mutant NSCLC by targeting glucose metabolism and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peishi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Hao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Leng-Kuan Cheong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lian-Lian Hong
- Experimental Research Centre, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Hu
- Experimental Research Centre, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Experimental Research Centre, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Rao C, Huisman DH, Vieira HM, Frodyma DE, Neilsen BK, Chakraborty B, Hight SK, White MA, Fisher KW, Lewis RE. A Gene Expression High-Throughput Screen (GE-HTS) for Coordinated Detection of Functionally Similar Effectors in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3143. [PMID: 33120942 PMCID: PMC7692652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide, loss-of-function screening can be used to identify novel vulnerabilities upon which specific tumor cells depend for survival. Functional Signature Ontology (FUSION) is a gene expression-based high-throughput screening (GE-HTS) method that allows researchers to identify functionally similar proteins, small molecules, and microRNA mimics, revealing novel therapeutic targets. FUSION uses cell-based high-throughput screening and computational analysis to match gene expression signatures produced by natural products to those produced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and synthetic microRNA libraries to identify putative protein targets and mechanisms of action (MoA) for several previously undescribed natural products. We have used FUSION to screen for functional analogues to Kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), a scaffold protein downstream of Ras in the Raf-MEK-ERK kinase cascade, and biologically validated several proteins with functional similarity to KSR1. FUSION incorporates bioinformatics analysis that may offer higher resolution of the endpoint readout than other screens which utilize Boolean outputs regarding a single pathway activation (i.e., synthetic lethal and cell proliferation). Challenges associated with FUSION and other high-content genome-wide screens include variation, batch effects, and controlling for potential off-target effects. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of FUSION to identify novel inhibitors and oncogene-induced changes that may be cancer cell-specific as well as several potential pitfalls within FUSION and best practices to avoid them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Rao
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Dianna H. Huisman
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Heidi M. Vieira
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Danielle E. Frodyma
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Beth K. Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
| | - Binita Chakraborty
- Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Suzie K. Hight
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Michael A. White
- Chief Scientific Officer, Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Robert E. Lewis
- Eppley Institute, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.); (D.H.H.); (H.M.V.); (D.E.F.); (B.K.N.)
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Zhang Q, Hong Z, Zhu J, Zeng C, Tang Z, Wang W, Huang H. miR-4999-5p Predicts Colorectal Cancer Survival Outcome and Reprograms Glucose Metabolism by Targeting PRKAA2. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1199-1210. [PMID: 32103988 PMCID: PMC7024870 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been shown to modulate glucose metabolic reprogramming in CRC. However, the functional role of miR-4999-5p in the CRC glucose metabolic shift has not been characterized. Patients and Methods The levels of miR-4999-5p and PRKAA2 were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-4999-5p. Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Extracellular acidification rate, glucose uptake, cellular glucose-6-phosphate level, and lactate production were evaluated to assess the effects of miR-4999-5p on CRC glycolysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to investigate the direct interaction between miR-4999-5p and PRKAA2. Mouse xenograft models were established to assess the functions of miR-4999-5p in vivo. Results miR-4999-5p was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. In addition, miR-4999-5p was associated with tumor differentiation and TNM stage, and elevated expression of miR-4999-5p was an independent predictor of poorer overall survival. Furthermore, miR-4999-5p promoted cell proliferation and glycolysis in CRC. miR-4999-5p targeted PRKAA2 to exert its tumor-promoting functions, and PRKAA2 knockdown rescued decreased cell proliferation and glycolysis in miR-4999-5p-silenced CRC cells. In vivo experiments showed that miR-4999-5p promoted CRC growth. Conclusion miR-4999-5p facilitated cell growth and glucose metabolic reprogramming through direct targeting of PRKAA2. Our results showed that miR-4999-5p may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei 231500, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Sorkin BC, Kuszak AJ, Bloss G, Fukagawa NK, Hoffman FA, Jafari M, Barrett B, Brown PN, Bushman FD, Casper S, Chilton FH, Coffey CS, Ferruzzi MG, Hopp DC, Kiely M, Lakens D, MacMillan JB, Meltzer DO, Pahor M, Paul J, Pritchett-Corning K, Quinney SK, Rehermann B, Setchell KD, Sipes NS, Stephens JM, Taylor DL, Tiriac H, Walters MA, Xi D, Zappalá G, Pauli GF. Improving natural product research translation: From source to clinical trial. FASEB J 2020; 34:41-65. [PMID: 31914647 PMCID: PMC7470648 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902143r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While great interest in health effects of natural product (NP) including dietary supplements and foods persists, promising preclinical NP research is not consistently translating into actionable clinical trial (CT) outcomes. Generally considered the gold standard for assessing safety and efficacy, CTs, especially phase III CTs, are costly and require rigorous planning to optimize the value of the information obtained. More effective bridging from NP research to CT was the goal of a September, 2018 transdisciplinary workshop. Participants emphasized that replicability and likelihood of successful translation depend on rigor in experimental design, interpretation, and reporting across the continuum of NP research. Discussions spanned good practices for NP characterization and quality control; use and interpretation of models (computational through in vivo) with strong clinical predictive validity; controls for experimental artefacts, especially for in vitro interrogation of bioactivity and mechanisms of action; rigorous assessment and interpretation of prior research; transparency in all reporting; and prioritization of research questions. Natural product clinical trials prioritized based on rigorous, convergent supporting data and current public health needs are most likely to be informative and ultimately affect public health. Thoughtful, coordinated implementation of these practices should enhance the knowledge gained from future NP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Adam J. Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Gregory Bloss
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula N. Brown
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Steven Casper
- Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Hyattsville, MD, US
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US
| | | | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, US
| | - D. Craig Hopp
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Daniel Lakens
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Paul
- Drexel Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Evanston, IL, US
| | | | | | - Barbara Rehermann
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, US
| | | | - Nisha S. Sipes
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, US
| | | | | | - Hervé Tiriac
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US]
| | - Michael A. Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US
| | - Dan Xi
- Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Shady Grove, MD, US
| | | | - Guido F. Pauli
- CENAPT and PCRPS, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, US
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Caesar LK, Cech NB. Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: when 1 + 1 does not equal 2. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:869-888. [PMID: 31187844 PMCID: PMC6820002 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019 According to a 2012 survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 18% of the U.S. population uses natural products (including plant-based or botanical preparations) for treatment or prevention of disease. The use of plant-based medicines is even more prevalent in developing countries, where for many they constitute the primary health care modality. Proponents of the medicinal use of natural product mixtures often claim that they are more effective than purified compounds due to beneficial "synergistic" interactions. A less-discussed phenomenon, antagonism, in which effects of active constituents are masked by other compounds in a complex mixture, also occurs in natural product mixtures. Synergy and antagonism are notoriously difficult to study in a rigorous fashion, particularly given that natural products chemistry research methodology is typically devoted to reducing complexity and identifying single active constituents for drug development. This report represents a critical review with commentary about the current state of the scientific literature as it relates to studying combination effects (including both synergy and antagonism) in natural product extracts. We provide particular emphasis on analytical and Big Data approaches for identifying synergistic or antagonistic combinations and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their interactions. Specific case studies of botanicals in which synergistic interactions have been documented are also discussed. The topic of synergy is important given that consumer use of botanical natural products and associated safety concerns continue to garner attention by the public and the media. Guidance by the natural products community is needed to provide strategies for effective evaluation of safety and toxicity of botanical mixtures and to drive discovery in botanical natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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Pharmacological targeting of mitochondria in cancer stem cells: An ancient organelle at the crossroad of novel anti-cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:298-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kalwat MA, Hwang IH, Macho J, Grzemska MG, Yang JZ, McGlynn K, MacMillan JB, Cobb MH. Chromomycin A 2 potently inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1747-1757. [PMID: 30352794 PMCID: PMC6279362 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that target insulin secretion are useful to understand β cell function and the pathogenesis of diabetes. Kalwat et al. investigate an aureolic acid that inhibits insulin secretion and reveal that it disrupts Wnt signaling, interferes with gene expression, and suppresses Ca2+ influx in β cells. Modulators of insulin secretion could be used to treat diabetes and as tools to investigate β cell regulatory pathways in order to increase our understanding of pancreatic islet function. Toward this goal, we previously used an insulin-linked luciferase that is cosecreted with insulin in MIN6 β cells to perform a high-throughput screen of natural products for chronic effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this study, using multiple phenotypic analyses, we found that one of the top natural product hits, chromomycin A2 (CMA2), potently inhibited insulin secretion by at least three potential mechanisms: disruption of Wnt signaling, interference of β cell gene expression, and partial suppression of Ca2+ influx. Chronic treatment with CMA2 largely ablated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion even after washout, but it did not inhibit glucose-stimulated generation of ATP or Ca2+ influx. However, by using the KATP channel opener diazoxide, we uncovered defects in depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx that may contribute to the suppressed secretory response. Glucose-responsive ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation were also disrupted by chronic CMA2 treatment. By querying the FUSION bioinformatic database, we revealed that the phenotypic effects of CMA2 cluster with a number of Wnt–GSK3 pathway-related genes. Furthermore, CMA2 consistently decreased GSK3β phosphorylation and suppressed activation of a β-catenin activity reporter. CMA2 and a related compound, mithramycin, are known to have DNA interaction properties, possibly abrogating transcription factor binding to critical β cell gene promoters. We observed that CMA2 but not mithramycin suppressed expression of PDX1 and UCN3. However, neither expression of INSI/II nor insulin content was affected by chronic CMA2. The mechanisms of CMA2-induced insulin secretion defects may involve components both proximal and distal to Ca2+ influx. Therefore, CMA2 is an example of a chemical that can simultaneously disrupt β cell function through both noncytotoxic and cytotoxic mechanisms. Future therapeutic applications of CMA2 and similar aureolic acid analogues should consider their potential effects on pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - In Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jocelyn Macho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Magdalena G Grzemska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jonathan Z Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John B MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Ethanol and C2 ceramide activate fatty acid oxidation in human hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12923. [PMID: 30150688 PMCID: PMC6110824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic lipids and the sphingolipid ceramide have been implicated as potential cofactors in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients. However, the mechanisms by which these lipids modulate lipid trafficking in ethanol-treated human liver cells to promote steatosis, an early stage of ALD, are poorly understood. We measured fatty acid (FA) uptake, triglyceride export, FA synthesis and FA oxidation in human hepatoma (VL-17A) cells in response to ethanol and the exogenous lipids oleate, palmitate and C2 ceramide. We found that in combination with ethanol, both oleate and palmitate promote lipid droplet accumulation while C2 ceramide inhibits lipid droplet accumulation by enhancing FA oxidation. Further, using both a pharmacologic and siRNA approach to reduce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) gene expression, we demonstrate that C2 ceramide abrogates ethanol-mediated suppression of FA oxidation through an indirect PPARα mechanism. Together, these data suggest that lipids interact differentially with ethanol to modulate hepatocellular lipid droplet accumulation and may provide novel targets for preventing the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic steatosis.
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