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Abdelhady SA, Abuiessa SA, Elhamammy RH, El-Deeb NM, El-Mas MM. Hepatoprotective effect of prenatal celecoxib in weaning preeclamptic rats: Role of HMGB1/MAPKs signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176769. [PMID: 38925287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is often associated with multiple organ damage that remains noticeable postnatally. Here, we tested the hypotheses that antenatal therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) refashions liver damage induced by PE in weaning rats and that the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling modulates this interaction. PE was induced by pharmacologic nitric oxide deprivation during the last week of gestation (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME, 50 mg/kg/day, oral gavage). Compared with control rats, weaning PE rats revealed substantial rises in serum transaminases together with histopathological signs of hepatic cytoplasmic changes, portal inflammation, and central vein dilation. While gestational NSAIDs reversed the elevated transaminases, they had no effects (celecoxib, naproxen) or even worsened (diclofenac) the structural damage. Molecularly, celecoxib was the most effective NSAID in (i) reversing PE-evoked upregulation of hepatic HMGB1 gene expression and concomitant increments and decrements in mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPKERK and MAPKp38 expression, respectively, and (ii) elevating and suppressing serum interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α, respectively. Alternatively, rises in serum interleukin-1β and shifts in macrophage polarization towards an inflammatory phenotype caused by PE were comparably diminished by all NSAIDs. The data disclose an advantageous therapeutic potential for gestational celecoxib over diclofenac or naproxen in controlling hepatic dysfunction and HMGB1-interrelated inflammatory and oxidative sequels of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien A Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex 21648, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Abuiessa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem H Elhamammy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nevine M El-Deeb
- Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.
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2
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Qiang E, Xu H. PGE 2 synthesis and signaling in the liver physiology and pathophysiology: An update. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106875. [PMID: 39019102 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in systemic metabolism and drug degradation. However, it is highly susceptible to damage due to various factors, including metabolic imbalances, excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections, and drug influences. These factors often result in conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and acute or chronic liver injury. Failure to address these injuries could promptly lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that belongs to the class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is synthesized via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. By binding to its G protein coupled receptors (i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), PGE2 has a wide range of physiological and pathophysiology effects, including pain, inflammation, fever, cardiovascular homeostasis, etc. Recently, emerging studies showed that PGE2 plays an indispensable role in liver health and disease. This review focus on the research progress of the role of PGE2 synthase and its receptors in liver physiological and pathophysiological processes and discuss the possibility of developing liver protective drugs targeting the COXs/PGESs/PGE2/EPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjiao Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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3
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Jin Y, Shangguan Z, Pang J, Chen Y, Lin S, Liu H. Pin1 Exacerbates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Enhancing Its Activity through Binding to ACC1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5822. [PMID: 38892011 PMCID: PMC11171836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by diffuse hepatocellular steatosis due to fatty deposits in hepatocytes, excluding alcohol and other known liver injury factors. However, there are no specific drugs for the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD at the cellular and molecular levels is a promising approach to finding therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs for NAFLD. Pin1 is highly expressed during adipogenesis and contributes to adipose differentiation, but its specific mechanism of action in NAFLD is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Pin1 in promoting the development of NAFLD and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. First, Pin1 was verified in the NAFLD model in vitro using MCD diet-fed mice by Western Blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. In the in vitro study, we used the oleic acid (OA) stimulation-induced lipid accumulation model and examined the lipid accumulation in each group of cells by oil red O staining as well as BODIPY staining. The results showed that knockdown of Pin1 inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in an in vitro lipid accumulation model and improved lipid indices and liver injury levels. Moreover, in vivo, WT and Pin1-KO mice were fed a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to induce the NAFLD model. The effects of Pin1 on lipid accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated by biochemical analysis, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, histological analysis, IHC, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. The results indicate that Pin1 knockdown significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NAFLD mice, improved glucose tolerance and alleviated insulin resistance in mice. Further studies showed that the AMPK/ACC1 signalling pathway might take part in the process by which Pin1 regulates NAFLD, as evidenced by the inhibition of the AMPK/ACC1 pathway. In addition, immunofluorescence (IF), coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down experiments also showed that Pin1 interacts directly with ACC1 and inhibits ACC1 phosphorylation levels. Our study suggests that Pin1 promotes NAFLD progression by inhibiting the activation of the AMPK/ACC1 signalling pathway, and it is possible that this effect is achieved by Pin1 interacting with ACC1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ACC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou 350122, China; (Y.J.); (Z.S.); (J.P.); (Y.C.); (S.L.)
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4
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Jiao X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang X. Combination of two-photon fluorescent probes for carboxylesterase and ONOO - to visualize the transformation of nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in liver orthotopic imaging. Talanta 2024; 270:125521. [PMID: 38091750 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
As the most common cause of liver diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be classified into nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While NAFL is generally benign, the transition from NAFL to NASH is a cardinal feature of the non-benign liver disease that leads to cirrhosis and cancer, which indicates that tracking the transformation of NAFL to NASH timely is significant for precision management of liver diseases. Therefore, two fluorescent probes (CNFCl and DRNO) have been developed to visualize this pathological event. α-Fluorochloroacetamide and α-ketoamide was employed as the recognition site for carboxylesterase (CE) in CNFCl and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in DRNO, respectively. CNFCl (λem = 445 nm) and DRNO (λem = 560 nm) showed high specificity and sensitivity towards CE and ONOO- respectively. By incubating with CE/ONOO- for 0.5 h respectively, both the emission intensity of CNFCl (linear range: 0-0.2 U/mL) and DRNO (linear range: 0-17.5 μM) displayed significant enhancement. As a result, the detection limit of CNFCl and DRNO for CE and ONOO- was calculated as 4.2 mU/L and 0.05 μM respectively. More importantly, the emission spectra of CNFCl and DRNO in the presence of CE and ONOO- respectively were cross-talk free under the two-photon excitation of 720 nm. This greatly facilitated the simultaneous detection of CE and ONOO- at distinctive channel, thus ensuring the high fidelity of the detection. These two probes were combined to image the fluctuation of CE and ONOO- during the conversion of NAFL to NASH in vitro and in vivo. It was found that while CE displayed a tendency to rise and then reduce during the transition from NAFL to NASH, ONOO- increased continuously, confirming that the combined imaging by CNFCl and DRNO might visualize the transformation of NAFL to NASH. The results provide robust visual tool to decipher the relationship between the stage of NAFLD and the level of CE/ONOO-. We anticipate this study may open new avenues to distinguish NASH from NAFL, which may further promote the study of intracellular biological activities of CE and the development of NAFLD diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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5
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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6
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Ho WL, Chen HH, Chen PK, Liao TL, Chang SH, Chen YM, Lin CH, Tang KT, Chen DY. Increased NAFLD risk in newly diagnosed patients with RA during the first 4 years of follow-up: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079296. [PMID: 38272552 PMCID: PMC10824018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in the general population, NAFLD risk in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has rarely been explored. In this population-based cohort, we examined NAFLD risk in patients with RA and identified the potential risk factors. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS 2281 newly diagnosed patients with RA and selected 91 240 individuals without RA to match with patients with RA (1:40) by age, gender, income status and urbanisation level of the residence. OUTCOMES In this retrospective study using the 2000-2018 claim data from two-million representative Taiwanese population, we identified and compared the incidence rates (IRs) of NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) between RA and non-RA groups. Using multivariable regression analyses, we estimated adjusted HR (aHR) of NAFLD development in patients with RA compared with individuals without RA, with 95% CIs. RESULTS The incidences of NALFD and AFLD were not significantly different between individuals with RA and without RA during the 17-year follow-up period. However, patients with RA had significantly increased NAFLD risk during the first 4 years after RA diagnosis, with IR ratio of 1.66 fold (95% CI 1.18 to 2.33, p<0.005), but the risk was reduced after the first 4 years. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that aHR was 2.77-fold greater in patients not receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs therapy than in non-RA subjects (p<0.05). Old age, women, low-income status and obesity could significantly predict NAFLD development. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated elevated risk of NAFLD in patients with RA during the first 4 years after RA diagnosis, and old age, women, low-income status and obesity were significant predictors of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Ho
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Yu Q, Li C, Niu Q, Wang J, Che Z, Lei K, Ren H, Ma B, Ren Y, Luo P, Fan Z, Zhang H, Liu Z, Tipoe GL, Xiao J. Hepatic COX1 loss leads to impaired autophagic flux and exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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8
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Alba MM, Ebright B, Hua B, Slarve I, Zhou Y, Jia Y, Louie SG, Stiles BL. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1098467. [PMID: 36818443 PMCID: PMC9932286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1098467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignancy developed from underlying liver disease that encompasses liver injury and metabolic disorders. The progression from these underlying liver disease to cancer is accompanied by chronic inflammatory conditions in which liver macrophages play important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response. During this process, bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages mediate the inflammatory responses by acting as pro-inflammatory factors, as well as, playing roles in the resolution of inflammation conditions. Here, we review the literature discussing the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Alba
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brittney Hua
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Ielyzaveta Slarve
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yunyi Jia
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States,Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States,*Correspondence: Bangyan L. Stiles,
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9
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Chen W, Yasen M, Wang H, Zhuang C, Wang Z, Lu S, Jiang L, Lin H. Celecoxib activates autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway and prevents apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 36457130 PMCID: PMC9714067 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration results from a variety of etiologies, including inflammation and aging. Degenerated intervertebral discs feature down-regulated extracellular matrix synthesis, resulting in losing their ability to retain water and absorb compression. Celecoxib is a well-known selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treating arthritis and relieving pain. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Celecoxib for treating inflammation-related intervertebral disc degeneration has not yet been clarified. METHOD Protein synthesis was analyzed by western blot. Fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and MitoSox Red detected reactive oxygen species and were measured by flow cytometry. The activity of the kinase pathway was evaluated by protein phosphorylation. Autophagy was monitored by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. Mitochondrial apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot and cell membrane integrity was measured by flow cytometry. The autophagic gene was silenced by siRNA. RESULTS In this study, interleukin-1β stimulation reduced the synthesis of aggrecan, type I and II collagen and caused excessive production of reactive oxygen species. We looked for a therapeutic window of Celecoxib for nucleus pulposus cells to regain extracellular matrix synthesis and reduce oxidative stress. To look into nucleus pulposus cells in response to stimuli, enhancement of autophagy was achieved by Celecoxib, confirmed by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. The mammalian target of rapamycin and a panel of downstream proteins responded to Celecoxib and propelled autophagy machinery to stabilize homeostasis. Ultimately, inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 disrupted the protective effects of Celecoxib, culminating in apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated a new use for the old drug Celecoxib that treats intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells and opening a door for treating other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisin Chen
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Miersalijiang Yasen
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, 668 Jinhu Rd, District of Huli, Fujian 361015 Xiamen, China
| | - Hanquan Wang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Zhuang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Chen W, Yasen M, Wang H, Zhuang C, Wang Z, Lu S, Jiang L, Lin H. Celecoxib activates autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway and prevents apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022. [PMID: 36457130 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00633-y/figures/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration results from a variety of etiologies, including inflammation and aging. Degenerated intervertebral discs feature down-regulated extracellular matrix synthesis, resulting in losing their ability to retain water and absorb compression. Celecoxib is a well-known selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treating arthritis and relieving pain. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Celecoxib for treating inflammation-related intervertebral disc degeneration has not yet been clarified. METHOD Protein synthesis was analyzed by western blot. Fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and MitoSox Red detected reactive oxygen species and were measured by flow cytometry. The activity of the kinase pathway was evaluated by protein phosphorylation. Autophagy was monitored by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. Mitochondrial apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot and cell membrane integrity was measured by flow cytometry. The autophagic gene was silenced by siRNA. RESULTS In this study, interleukin-1β stimulation reduced the synthesis of aggrecan, type I and II collagen and caused excessive production of reactive oxygen species. We looked for a therapeutic window of Celecoxib for nucleus pulposus cells to regain extracellular matrix synthesis and reduce oxidative stress. To look into nucleus pulposus cells in response to stimuli, enhancement of autophagy was achieved by Celecoxib, confirmed by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. The mammalian target of rapamycin and a panel of downstream proteins responded to Celecoxib and propelled autophagy machinery to stabilize homeostasis. Ultimately, inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 disrupted the protective effects of Celecoxib, culminating in apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated a new use for the old drug Celecoxib that treats intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells and opening a door for treating other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Miersalijiang Yasen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, 668 Jinhu Rd, District of Huli, Fujian, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanquan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Chen S, Yang J, Wang F, Gao X, Liu Q, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yu Y. Rapamycin Enhanced Sensitivity of HT-29 Cells to 5-Fluororacil by Promoting Autophagy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:448-453. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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12
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Song Y, Chen L, Hu J, Meng Y, Chen X, Li S, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Celecoxib attenuates hepatosteatosis by impairing de novo lipogenesis via Akt-dependent lipogenic pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3995-4006. [PMID: 35713152 PMCID: PMC9279593 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that hepatic de novo lipogenesis is a common abnormality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We investigated whether a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, alleviates hepatic steatosis by targeting an Akt-driven lipogenic pathway. We estimated the efficacy of celecoxib in a novel Akt-driven NAFLD mouse model established via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT and in fructose-fed NAFLD mice that exhibited increased insulin-independent hepatic lipogenesis. AKT-transfected and insulin-stimulated human hepatoma cells were used for the in vitro experiments. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed for mechanistic studies. The results revealed that celecoxib ameliorated hepatic steatosis in the AKT-triggered NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib effectively suppressed AKT/mTORC1 signalling and its downstream lipogenic cascade in the Akt-driven NAFLD mice and in vitro. Furthermore, celecoxib had limited efficacy in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation and showed no influence on lipogenic proteins associated with hepatic lipogenesis in fructose-administered mice. This study suggests that celecoxib may be favourable for the treatment of NAFLD, especially in the subset with Akt-triggered hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Lu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound PrescriptionMinistry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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13
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Yeon Park S, Cho W, Abd El-Aty A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Hoon Jeong J, Woo Jung T. Valdecoxib attenuates lipid-induced hepatic steatosis through autophagy-mediated suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Yamaguchi M, Dohi N, Ooka A, Saito SY, Ishikawa T. Caffeine-induced inversion of prostaglandin E 2 effects on hepatic stellate cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111989. [PMID: 34388524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver inflammation leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), resulting in the development of liver fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is biosynthesized by Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, and HSCs during inflammation, on HSC activation, including its combinatory effect with caffeine. METHODS HSCs isolated from mice were activated by culturing in a medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for 7 days on plastic plates. The activation of HSCs was evaluated by immunofluorescence of α-smooth muscle actin in HSCs. Comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed using mRNA-sequencing to compare HSCs cultured for 1 or 7 days, with or without PGE2, caffeine, or both. RESULTS PGE2 (1 μM) facilitated the activation of HSCs but inhibited the HSC activation in the presence of caffeine (3 mM). Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that HSCs treated with PGE2 in the presence of caffeine were classified in the same class as HSCs cultured for 1 day, i.e., quiescent HSCs. In contrast, PGE2 did not exhibit an inhibitory effect on HSC activation when co-treated with any isoform-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Although the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine suppressed the elevation of intracellular cAMP level induced by PGE2 in the presence of caffeine, it had no effect on the inhibition of HSC activation by PGE2 plus caffeine. CONCLUSION The effect of PGE2 on HSC activation is changed from facilitatory to inhibitory when combined with caffeine, suggesting that caffeine may effectively suppress liver fibrosis during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Naoki Dohi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Ooka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari City, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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15
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Razdan A, Main NM, Chiu V, Shackel NA, de Souza P, Bryant K, Scott KF. Targeting the eicosanoid pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2456-2476. [PMID: 34249410 PMCID: PMC8263695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has variable incidence worldwide and high mortality. Histologically, the most common subtype of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 30-40% of HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at present, there are limited treatment options for such patients. The current first-line therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, sorafenib or lenvatinib, prolongs survival by a median of about 2.5-3 months after which the disease normally progresses. Additionally, many patients discontinue the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors due to toxicity or may not be suitable candidates due to co-morbidity or frailty. It is, therefore, imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets for advanced HCC patients. Persistent injury to the liver as a result of insults such as hepatitis B or C viral (HBV or HCV) infections, alcohol abuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), results in chronic inflammation, which progresses to hepatic fibrosis and later, cirrhosis, provides the conditions for initiation of HCC. One of the key pathways studied for its role in inflammation and carcinogenesis is the eicosanoid pathway. In this review, we briefly outline the eicosanoid pathway, describe the mechanisms by which some pathway members either facilitate or counter the development of liver diseases, with the focus on NAFLD/hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis, and HCC. We describe the link between the eicosanoid pathway, inflammation and these liver diseases, and identify components of the eicosanoid pathway that may be used as potential therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuli Razdan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan M Main
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Chiu
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Shackel
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Bryant
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kieran F Scott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Flessa CM, Kyrou I, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kaltsas G, Papavassiliou AG, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:134-161. [PMID: 33751456 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease with rising prevalence worldwide. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge supporting the role of ER stress and autophagy processes in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression. We also highlight the interrelation between these two pathways and the impact of ER stress and autophagy modulators on NAFLD treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression are currently under investigation. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the concomitant unfolded protein response (UPR) seem to contribute to its pathogenesis mainly due to high ER content in the liver which exerts significant metabolic functions and can be dysregulated. Furthermore, disruption of autophagy processes has also been identified in NAFLD. The crucial role of these two pathways in NAFLD is underlined by the fact that they have recently emerged as promising targets of therapeutic interventions. There is a greater need for finding the natural/chemical compounds and drugs which can modulate the ER stress pathway and autophagy for the treatment of NAFLD. Clarifying the inter-relation between these two pathways and their interaction with inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms will allow the development of additional therapeutic options which can better target and reprogram the underlying pathophysiological pathways, aiming to attenuate NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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17
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Han S, Zhu F, Huang X, Yan P, Xu K, Shen F, Sun J, Yang Z, Jin G, Teng Y. Maternal obesity accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring mice by reducing autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:716. [PMID: 34007325 PMCID: PMC8120514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation product recovery process, which widely occurs in eukaryotic cells, responsible for the vital maintenance of cellular energy balance. Previously published studies have demonstrated that autophagy is closely related to NAFLD occurrence and maternal obesity increases the susceptibility of offspring to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, however, the underlying mechanism of this remains unclear. In the present study, NAFLD mouse models (offspring of an obese mother mouse via high-fat feeding) were generated, and the physiological indices of the liver were observed using total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein serum assay kits. The morphological changes of the liver were also observed via HE, Masson and oil red O staining. Reverse transcription-quantitative-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect changes of autophagy-related genes in liver or fibrosis marker proteins (α-smooth muscle actin or TGF-β1). Changes in serum inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were determined via ELISA. The results of the present study demonstrated that the offspring of an obese mother were more likely to develop NALFD than the offspring of a chow-fed mother, due to their increased association with liver fibrosis. When feeding continued to 17 weeks, the worst cases of NAFLD were observed and the level of autophagy decreased significantly compared with the offspring of a normal weight mouse. In addition, after 17 weeks of feeding, compared with the offspring of a chow-fed mother, the offspring of an obese mouse mother had reduced adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels. These results suggested that a reduced level of AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy may be of vital importance for the increased susceptibility of offspring to NAFLD caused by maternal obesity. In conclusion, the current study provided a new direction for the treatment of NAFLD in offspring caused by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Han
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Yan
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxi Jin
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Teng
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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18
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Xu F, Tautenhahn HM, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Modulation of Autophagy: A Novel "Rejuvenation" Strategy for the Aging Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6611126. [PMID: 33628363 PMCID: PMC7889356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural life process which leads to a gradual decline of essential physiological processes. For the liver, it leads to alterations in histomorphology (steatosis and fibrosis) and function (protein synthesis and energy generation) and affects central hepatocellular processes (autophagy, mitochondrial respiration, and hepatocyte proliferation). These alterations do not only impair the metabolic capacity of the liver but also represent important factors in the pathogenesis of malignant liver disease. Autophagy is a recycling process for eukaryotic cells to degrade dysfunctional intracellular components and to reuse the basic substances. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and in resisting environmental stress. Emerging evidence shows that modulating autophagy seems to be effective in improving the age-related alterations of the liver. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword for the aged liver. Upregulating autophagy alleviates hepatic steatosis and ROS-induced cellular stress and promotes hepatocyte proliferation but may aggravate hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, a well-balanced autophagy modulation strategy might be suitable to alleviate age-related liver dysfunction. Conclusion. Modulation of autophagy is a promising strategy for "rejuvenation" of the aged liver. Detailed knowledge regarding the most devastating processes in the individual patient is needed to effectively counteract aging of the liver without causing obvious harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
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19
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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20
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Zhang R, Chu K, Zhao N, Wu J, Ma L, Zhu C, Chen X, Wei G, Liao M. Corilagin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Autophagic Flux. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1693. [PMID: 32116684 PMCID: PMC7011087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Corilagin (Cori) possesses multiple biological activities. To determine whether Cori can exert protective effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its potential mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) alone or in combination with Cori (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and AML12 cells were exposed to 200 μM PA/OA with or without Cori (10 μM or 20 μM). Phenotypes and key indicators relevant to NAFLD were examined both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Cori significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, confirmed by improved serum lipid profiles, and hepatic TC, TG contents, and the gene expression related to lipid metabolism in livers of HFD mice. Moreover, Cori attenuated HFD-mediated autophagy (including mitophagy) blockage by restoring autophagic flux, evidenced by increased number of autophagic double vesicles containing mitochondria, elevated LC3II protein levels, decreased p62 protein levels, as well as enhanced colocalization of autophagy-related protein (LC3, Parkin) and mitochondria. In accordance with this, Cori also reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA levels, and enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes including SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. In addition, Cori treatment improved mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In parallel with this, Cori decreased mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage, while increased mitochondrial biogenesis related transcription factors expression, mitochondrial DNA content and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Cori is a potential candidate for the treatment of NAFLD via diminishing oxidative stress, restoring autophagic flux, as well as improving mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nengjiang Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Studio, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Breast, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai Clinical Medical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjuan Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Grefhorst A, van de Peppel IP, Larsen LE, Jonker JW, Holleboom AG. The Role of Lipophagy in the Development and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:601627. [PMID: 33597924 PMCID: PMC7883485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.601627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic (dysfunction) associated liver disease (MAFLD), is, with a global prevalence of 25%, the most common liver disorder worldwide. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually end-stage liver disease. The cause of NAFLD is multifactorial with genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle playing a crucial role in its development. Disrupted hepatic lipid homeostasis resulting in hepatic triglyceride accumulation is an hallmark of NAFLD. This disruption is commonly described based on four pathways concerning 1) increased fatty acid influx, 2) increased de novo lipogenesis, 3) reduced triglyceride secretion, and 4) reduced fatty acid oxidation. More recently, lipophagy has also emerged as pathway affecting NAFLD development and progression. Lipophagy is a form of autophagy (i.e. controlled autolysosomal degradation and recycling of cellular components), that controls the breakdown of lipid droplets in the liver. Here we address the role of hepatic lipid homeostasis in NAFLD and specifically review the current literature on lipophagy, describing its underlying mechanism, its role in pathophysiology and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Aldo Grefhorst,
| | - Ivo P. van de Peppel
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Wang MR, Fang D, Di MP, Guan JL, Wang G, Liu L, Sheng JQ, Tian DA, Li PY. Long non-coding RNA LINC01503 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via activating MAPK/ERK pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1224-1234. [PMID: 32547318 PMCID: PMC7294912 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has implicated that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) play significant roles in carcinogenesis and progression of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). LINC01503 is a new lncRNA related to several tumors. Nonetheless, its role in HCC still remains unclear. Methods: The expression levels of LINC01503 in HCC, normal liver tissues as well as HCC cell lines were evaluated by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and real-time PCR assay, respectively. The relationship between LINC01503 levels and the prognosis of patients with HCC was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Then the potential biological functions and pathways related to LINC01503 were investigated by GO (Gene Ontology) analysis and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, and GSEA v4.0.1 software was employed. Furthermore, the influence of LINC01503 on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells was confirmed using CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, and clone formation assay in cell experiments. Also the pro-tumor effect of LINC01503 was verified by mice xenograft experiment in vivo. In addition, the functional pathway of LINC01503 was proved by western blot and rescue experiments. Results: LINC01503 was highly expressed in HCC and positively correlated with large tumor size, high tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, and poor prognosis of HCC patients. Silencing LINC01503 with shRNA significantly restrained the proliferation of MHCC-97H HCC cells and strengthened the apoptosis, while up-regulation of LINC01503 in Huh7 HCC cells contributed to the contrary effects. Besides, LINC01503 promoted tumor growth of nude mice transplanted with liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was activated by LINC01503, inhibition of which could alleviate the pro-tumor effect of LINC01503, consistent with the forecast of GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis). Conclusion: LINC01503 is highly expressed in HCC and promotes the progression of HCC via MAPK/ERK pathway, which maybe a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Ru Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mu-Ping Di
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jia-Lun Guan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jia-Qi Sheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - De-An Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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23
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Cu(II)-Catalyzed C-N Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides and N-Nucleophiles Promoted by α-Benzoin Oxime. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224177. [PMID: 31752140 PMCID: PMC6891672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We first reported the new application of a translate metal chelating ligand α-benzoin oxime for improving Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. The system could catalyse coupling reactions of (hetero)aryl halides with a wide of nucleophiles (e.g., azoles, piperidine, pyrrolidine and amino acids) in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol allows rapid access to the most common scaffolds found in FDA-approved pharmaceuticals.
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24
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Ghazala RA, El Medney A, Meleis A, Mohie El Dien P, Samir H. Role of anti-inflammatory interventions in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4743. [PMID: 31715013 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is defined as deposition of excess fat associated with an inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) can be a marker of silent inflammation. ω3-Enriched diet, celecoxib, and safranal may have a protective anti-inflammatory role. In this work, total FAs extracted from red blood cells and arachidonic acid-to-eicosapentaenoic acid (AA-to-EPA) ratios were assessed using GC-MS assay in single-ion monitoring mode. The study was conducted on 64 male rats divided into eight groups: I, controls; II, rats received high-fat diet (HFD), III, rats received ω-6-enriched HFD; IV, rats received ω-3-enriched HFD; V, rats received celecoxib with HFD; VI, rats received safranal with HFD; VII and VIII, rats received celecoxib and safranal with ω-3 HFD, respectively. GC-MS Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry was performed for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations. A statistically significant decrease of AA-to-EPA ratio was observed in group VII when compared with the groups receiving HFDs. This group also showed the lowest serum IL-6 level and highest TGF-β1 level. In conclusion, ω3-enriched diet along with drugs (e.g. celecoxib) and herbal medications (e.g. safranal) may have an anti-inflammatory effect in lipotoxicity. GC-MS with single-ion monitoring is valid for the analysis of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azza El Medney
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anisa Meleis
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Passant Mohie El Dien
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hend Samir
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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25
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Primary Cilia Blockage Promotes the Malignant Behaviors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Induction of Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5202750. [PMID: 31662980 PMCID: PMC6791284 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are organelles protruding from cell surface into environment that function in regulating cell cycle and modulating cilia-related signal. Primary ciliogenesis and autophagy play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the functions and interactions between primary cilia and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been reported yet. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship and function of primary cilia and autophagy in HCC. In vitro, we showed that serum starvation stimuli could trigger primary ciliogenesis in HCC cells. Blockage of primary ciliogenesis by IFT88 silencing enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of HCC cells. In addition, inhibition of primary cilia could positively regulate autophagy. However, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability which were promoted by IFT88 silencing could be partly reversed by inhibition of autophagy. In vivo, interference of primary cilia led to acceleration of tumor growth and increase of autophagic flux in xenograft HCC mouse models. Moreover, IFT88 high expression or ATG7 low expression in HCC tissues was correlated with longer survival time indicated by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that blockage of primary ciliogenesis by IFT88 silencing had protumor effects through induction of autophagy in HCC. These findings define a newly recognized role of primary cilia and autophagy in HCC.
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26
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Stacchiotti A, Grossi I, García-Gómez R, Patel GA, Salvi A, Lavazza A, De Petro G, Monsalve M, Rezzani R. Melatonin Effects on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Are Related to MicroRNA-34a-5p/Sirt1 Axis and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091053. [PMID: 31500354 PMCID: PMC6770964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an indole produced by pineal and extrapineal tissues, but also taken with a vegetarian diet, has strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic potentials. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic side of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is a still reversible phase but may evolve into steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and carcinoma. Currently, an effective therapy for blocking NAFLD staging is lacking. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase, modulates the energetic metabolism in the liver. Micro-RNA-34a-5p, a direct inhibitor of SIRT1, is an emerging indicator of NAFLD grading. Thus, here we analyzed the effects of oral melatonin against NAFLD and underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on steatosis, ER stress, mitochondrial shape and autophagy. Male C57BL/6J (WT) and SIRT1 heterozygous (HET) mice were placed either on a high-fat diet (58.4% energy from lard) (HFD) or on a standard maintenance diet (8.4% energy from lipids) for 16 weeks, drinking melatonin (10 mg/kg) or not. Indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, steatosis, inflammation, ER stress, mitochondrial changes, autophagy and microRNA-34a-5p expression were estimated. Melatonin improved hepatic metabolism and steatosis, influenced ER stress and mitochondrial shape, and promoted autophagy in WT HFD mice. Conversely, melatonin was ineffective in HET HFD mice, maintaining NASH changes. Indeed, autophagy was inconsistent in HET HFD or starved mice, as indicated by LC3II/LC3I ratio, p62/SQSTM1 and autophagosomes estimation. The beneficial role of melatonin in dietary induced NAFLD/NASH in mice was related to reduced expression of microRNA-34a-5p and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1) but only in the presence of full SIRT1 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartmental University Center of Research "Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Grossi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alessandro Salvi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartmental University Center of Research "Adaptation and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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27
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El-Kashef DH, El-Sheakh AR. Hepatoprotective effect of celecoxib against tamoxifen-induced liver injury via inhibiting ASK-1/JNK pathway in female rats. Life Sci 2019; 231:116573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Chen YY, Lin Y, Han PY, Jiang S, Che L, He CY, Lin YC, Lin ZN. HBx combined with AFB1 triggers hepatic steatosis via COX-2-mediated necrosome formation and mitochondrial dynamics disorder. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5920-5933. [PMID: 31282064 PMCID: PMC6714226 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure have been recognized as independent risk factors for the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatic steatosis but their combined impacts and the potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Here, we showed that exposure to AFB1 impaired mitochondrial dynamics and increased intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver of HBV-transgenic mice in vivo and the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-expressing human hepatocytes both ex vivo and in vitro. HBx combined with AFB1 exposure also up-regulated receptor interaction protein 1 (RIP1), receptor interaction protein 3 (RIP3) and activated mixed lineage kinase domain like protein (MLKL), providing evidence of necrosome formation in the hepatocytes. The shift of the mitochondrial dynamics towards imbalance of fission and fusion was rescued when MLKL was inhibited in the HBx and AFB1 co-treated hepatocytes. Most importantly, based on siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 system, we found that the combination of HBx and AFB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to mediate up-regulation of RIP3 and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which in turn promoted location of RIP3-MLKL necrosome on mitochondria, subsequently exacerbated steatosis in hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings advance the understanding of mechanism associated with HBx and AFB1-induced hepatic necrosome formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and steatosis and make COX-2 a good candidate for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pei-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng-Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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29
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Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key sites of neutral lipid storage that can be found in all cells. Metabolic imbalances between the synthesis and degradation of LDs can result in the accumulation of significant amounts of lipid deposition, a characteristic feature of hepatocytes in patients with fatty liver disease, a leading indication for liver transplant in the United States. In this review, the authors highlight new literature related to the synthesis and autophagic catabolism of LDs, discussing key proteins and machinery involved in these processes. They also discuss recent findings that have revealed novel genetic risk factors associated with LD biology that contribute to lipid retention in the diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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30
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Novel hepatoprotective role of Leonurine hydrochloride against experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mediated via AMPK/SREBP1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:571-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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