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Qureshi SA, Hsiao WWW, Hussain L, Aman H, Le TN, Rafique M. Recent Development of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Optical Biosensing and Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121181. [PMID: 36551148 PMCID: PMC9775945 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely monitor the intracellular temperature directly contributes to the essential understanding of biological metabolism, intracellular signaling, thermogenesis, and respiration. The intracellular heat generation and its measurement can also assist in the prediction of the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, intracellular thermometry without altering the biochemical reactions and cellular membrane damage is challenging, requiring appropriately biocompatible, nontoxic, and efficient biosensors. Bright, photostable, and functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as excellent probes for intracellular thermometry and magnetometry with the spatial resolution on a nanometer scale. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent luminescence of naturally occurring defects in diamonds are key to high-sensitivity biosensing applications. Alterations in the surface chemistry of FNDs and conjugation with polymer, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles have opened vast possibilities for drug delivery, diagnosis, nanomedicine, and magnetic hyperthermia. This study covers some recently reported research focusing on intracellular thermometry, magnetic sensing, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging. We extend the application of FNDs as biosensors toward disease diagnosis by using intracellular, stationary, and time-dependent information. Furthermore, the potential of machine learning (ML) and AI algorithms for developing biosensors can revolutionize any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lal Hussain
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Neelum Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Athmuqam 13230, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Aman
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
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2
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Sigaeva A, Hochstetter A, Bouyim S, Chipaux M, Stejfova M, Cigler P, Schirhagl R. Single-Particle Tracking and Trajectory Analysis of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds in Cell-Free Environment and Live Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201395. [PMID: 36038355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diamond magnetometry can provide new insights on the production of free radicals inside live cells due to its high sensitivity and spatial resolution. However, the measurements often lack intracellular context for the recorded signal. In this paper, the possible use of single-particle tracking and trajectory analysis of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) to bridge that gap is explored. It starts with simulating a set of different possible scenarios of a particle's movement, reflecting different modes of motion, degrees of confinement, as well as shapes and sizes of that confinement. Then, the insights from the analysis of the simulated trajectories are applied to describe the movement of FNDs in glycerol solutions. It is shown that the measurements are in good agreement with the previously reported findings and that trajectory analysis yields meaningful results, when FNDs are tracked in a simple environment. Then the much more complex situation of FNDs moving inside a live cell is focused. The behavior of the particles after different incubation times is analyzed, and the possible intracellular localization of FNDs is deducted from their trajectories. Finally, this approach is combined with long-term magnetometry methods to obtain maps of the spin relaxation dynamics (or T1) in live cells, as FNDs move through the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sigaeva
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Hochstetter
- Research & Development, Life on a Chip e.K., Brunnenaecker 5, 73571, Goeggingen, Germany
| | - Sighom Bouyim
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- Institute of Physics, Life on Chip e.K., École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Miroslava Stejfova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
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Yanagi T, Kaminaga K, Suzuki M, Abe H, Yamamoto H, Ohshima T, Kuwahata A, Sekino M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Sugi T, Kada W, Hanaizumi O, Igarashi R. All-Optical Wide-Field Selective Imaging of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds in Cells, In Vivo and Ex Vivo. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12869-12879. [PMID: 34339180 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is a critical tool to understand the spatial distribution of biomacromolecules in cells and in vivo, providing information on molecular dynamics and interactions. Numerous valuable insights into biological systems have been provided by the specific detection of various molecular species. However, molecule-selective detection is often hampered by background fluorescence, such as cell autofluorescence and fluorescence leakage from molecules stained by other dyes. Here we describe a method for all-optical selective imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs) for wide-field fluorescence bioimaging. The method is based on the fact that the fluorescence intensity of NVCs strictly depends on the configuration of ground-state electron spins, which can be controlled by changing the pulse recurrence intervals of microsecond excitation laser pulses. Therefore, by using regulated laser pulses, we can oscillate the fluorescence from NVCs in a nanodiamond, while oscillating other optical signals in the opposite phase to NVCs. As a result, we can reconstruct a selective image of a nanodiamond by using a series of oscillated fluorescence images. We demonstrate application of the method to the selective imaging of nanodiamonds in live cells, in microanimals, and on a hippocampal slice culture obtained from a rat. Our approach potentially enables us to achieve high-contrast images of nanodiamond-labeled biomolecules with a signal-to-background ratio improved by up to 100-fold over the standard fluorescence image, thereby providing a more powerful tool for the investigation of molecular dynamics in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Yanagi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kaminaga
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuwahata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takuma Sugi
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Kada
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Osamu Hanaizumi
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Yu CJ, von Kugelgen S, Laorenza DW, Freedman DE. A Molecular Approach to Quantum Sensing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:712-723. [PMID: 34079892 PMCID: PMC8161477 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The second quantum revolution hinges on the creation of materials that unite atomic structural precision with electronic and structural tunability. A molecular approach to quantum information science (QIS) promises to enable the bottom-up creation of quantum systems. Within the broad reach of QIS, which spans fields ranging from quantum computation to quantum communication, we will focus on quantum sensing. Quantum sensing harnesses quantum control to interrogate the world around us. A broadly applicable class of quantum sensors would feature adaptable environmental compatibility, control over distance from the target analyte, and a tunable energy range of interaction. Molecules enable customizable "designer" quantum sensors with tunable functionality and compatibility across a range of environments. These capabilities offer the potential to bring unmatched sensitivity and spatial resolution to address a wide range of sensing tasks from the characterization of dynamic biological processes to the detection of emergent phenomena in condensed matter. In this Outlook, we outline the concepts and design criteria central to quantum sensors and look toward the next generation of designer quantum sensors based on new classes of molecular sensors.
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Karadas M, Olsson C, Winther Hansen N, Perrier JF, Webb JL, Huck A, Andersen UL, Thielscher A. In-vitro Recordings of Neural Magnetic Activity From the Auditory Brainstem Using Color Centers in Diamond: A Simulation Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643614. [PMID: 34054404 PMCID: PMC8155532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is a novel technique capable of measuring magnetic fields with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. With the further advancements of these sensors, they may open up novel approaches for the 2D imaging of neural signals in vitro. In the present study, we investigate the feasibility of NV-based imaging by numerically simulating the magnetic signal from the auditory pathway of a rodent brainstem slice (ventral cochlear nucleus, VCN, to the medial trapezoid body, MNTB) as stimulated by both electric and optic stimulation. The resulting signal from these two stimulation methods are evaluated and compared. A realistic pathway model was created based on published data of the neural morphologies and channel dynamics of the globular bushy cells in the VCN and their axonal projections to the principal cells in the MNTB. The pathway dynamics in response to optic and electric stimulation and the emitted magnetic fields were estimated using the cable equation. For simulating the optic stimulation, the light distribution in brain tissue was numerically estimated and used to model the optogenetic neural excitation based on a four state channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) model. The corresponding heating was also estimated, using the bio-heat equation and was found to be low (<2°C) even at excessively strong optic signals. A peak magnetic field strength of ∼0.5 and ∼0.1 nT was calculated from the auditory brainstem pathway after electrical and optical stimulation, respectively. By increasing the stimulating light intensity four-fold (far exceeding commonly used intensities) the peak magnetic signal strength only increased to 0.2 nT. Thus, while optogenetic stimulation would be favorable to avoid artefacts in the recordings, electric stimulation achieves higher peak fields. The present simulation study predicts that high-resolution magnetic imaging of the action potentials traveling along the auditory brainstem pathway will only be possible for next generation NV sensors. However, the existing sensors already have sufficient sensitivity to support the magnetic sensing of cumulated neural signals sampled from larger parts of the pathway, which might be a promising intermediate step toward further maturing this novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürsel Karadas
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Olsson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Winther Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-François Perrier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Luke Webb
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Huck
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lund Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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6
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Webb JL, Troise L, Hansen NW, Olsson C, Wojciechowski AM, Achard J, Brinza O, Staacke R, Kieschnick M, Meijer J, Thielscher A, Perrier JF, Berg-Sørensen K, Huck A, Andersen UL. Detection of biological signals from a live mammalian muscle using an early stage diamond quantum sensor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2412. [PMID: 33510264 PMCID: PMC7844290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perform noninvasive and non-contact measurements of electric signals produced by action potentials is essential in biomedicine. A key method to do this is to remotely sense signals by the magnetic field they induce. Existing methods for magnetic field sensing of mammalian tissue, used in techniques such as magnetoencephalography of the brain, require cryogenically cooled superconducting detectors. These have many disadvantages in terms of high cost, flexibility and limited portability as well as poor spatial and temporal resolution. In this work we demonstrate an alternative technique for detecting magnetic fields generated by the current from action potentials in living tissue using nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond. With 50 pT/[Formula: see text] sensitivity, we show the first measurements of magnetic sensing from mammalian tissue with a diamond sensor using mouse muscle optogenetically activated with blue light. We show these proof of principle measurements can be performed in an ordinary, unshielded lab environment and that the signal can be easily recovered by digital signal processing techniques. Although as yet uncompetitive with probe electrophysiology in terms of sensitivity, we demonstrate the feasibility of sensing action potentials via magnetic field in mammals using a diamond quantum sensor, as a step towards microscopic imaging of electrical activity in a biological sample using nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Luke Webb
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Luca Troise
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Olsson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jocelyn Achard
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Ovidiu Brinza
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Robert Staacke
- Division Applied Quantum System, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Kieschnick
- Division Applied Quantum System, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Meijer
- Division Applied Quantum System, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirstine Berg-Sørensen
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Huck
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lund Andersen
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Parashar M, Saha K, Bandyopadhyay S. Axon hillock currents enable single-neuron-resolved 3D reconstruction using diamond nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2020; 3:174. [PMID: 33072889 PMCID: PMC7116192 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-020-00439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensing neuronal action potential associated magnetic fields (APMFs) is an emerging viable alternative of functional brain mapping. Measurement of APMFs of large axons of worms have been possible due to their size. In the mammalian brain, axon sizes, their numbers and routes, restricts using such functional imaging methods. With a segmented model of mammalian pyramidal neurons, we show that the APMF of intra-axonal currents in the axon hillock are two orders of magnitude larger than other neuronal locations. Expected 2D magnetic field maps of naturalistic spiking activity of a volume of neurons via widefield diamond-nitrogen-vacancy-center-magnetometry were simulated. A dictionary-based matching pursuit type algorithm applied to the data using the axon-hillock's APMF signature allowed spatiotemporal reconstruction of action potentials in the volume of brain tissue at single cell resolution. Enhancement of APMF signals coupled with magnetometry advances thus can potentially replace current functional brain mapping techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Parashar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Kasturi Saha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sharba Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering
and Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Boretti A, Rosa L, Blackledge J, Castelletto S. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2128-2151. [PMID: 31807400 PMCID: PMC6880812 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a point defect in diamond with unique properties for use in ultra-sensitive, high-resolution magnetometry. One of the most interesting and challenging applications is nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI). While many review papers have covered other NV centers in diamond applications, there is no survey targeting the specific development of nano-MRI devices based on NV centers in diamond. Several different nano-MRI methods based on NV centers have been proposed with the goal of improving the spatial and temporal resolution, but without any coordinated effort. After summarizing the main NV magnetic imaging methods, this review presents a survey of the latest advances in NV center nano-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lorenzo Rosa
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Applied Plasmonics Lab, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Blackledge
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Wales, Wrexham, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Price JC, Levett SJ, Radu V, Simpson DA, Barcons AM, Adams CF, Mather ML. Quantum Sensing in a Physiological-Like Cell Niche Using Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Embedded in Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900455. [PMID: 31012244 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (fNDs) containing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers are promising candidates for quantum sensing in biological environments. This work describes the fabrication and implementation of electrospun poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers embedded with fNDs for optical quantum sensing in an environment, which recapitulates the nanoscale architecture and topography of the cell niche. A protocol that produces uniformly dispersed fNDs within electrospun nanofibers is demonstrated and the resulting fibers are characterized using fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and longitudinal spin relaxometry results for fNDs and embedded fNDs are compared. A new approach for fast detection of time varying magnetic fields external to the fND embedded nanofibers is demonstrated. ODMR spectra are successfully acquired from a culture of live differentiated neural stem cells functioning as a connected neural network grown on fND embedded nanofibers. This work advances the current state of the art in quantum sensing by providing a versatile sensing platform that can be tailored to produce physiological-like cell niches to replicate biologically relevant growth environments and fast measurement protocols for the detection of co-ordinated endogenous signals from clinically relevant populations of electrically active neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Price
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Simon J Levett
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Valentin Radu
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Aina Mogas Barcons
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Christopher F Adams
- School of Life Sciences, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Melissa L Mather
- Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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