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Michel L, Molina P, Mameli M. The behavioral relevance of a modular organization in the lateral habenula. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00287-3. [PMID: 38772374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral strategies for survival rely on the updates the brain continuously makes based on the surrounding environment. External stimuli-neutral, positive, and negative-relay core information to the brain, where a complex anatomical network rapidly organizes actions, including approach or escape, and regulates emotions. Human neuroimaging and physiology in nonhuman primates, rodents, and teleosts suggest a pivotal role of the lateral habenula in translating external information into survival behaviors. Here, we review the literature describing how discrete habenular modules-reflecting the molecular signatures, anatomical connectivity, and functional components-are recruited by environmental stimuli and cooperate to prompt specific behavioral outcomes. We argue that integration of these findings in the context of valence processing for reinforcing or discouraging behaviors is necessary, offering a compelling model to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Michel
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Molina
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mameli
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Inserm, UMR-S 839, 75005 Paris, France.
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Michel L, Palma K, Cerda M, Lagadec R, Mayeur H, Fuentès M, Besseau L, Martin P, Magnanou E, Blader P, Concha ML, Mazan S. Diversification of habenular organization and asymmetries in teleosts: Insights from the Atlantic salmon and European eel. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1015074. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1015074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Habenulae asymmetries are widespread across vertebrates and analyses in zebrafish, the reference model organism for this process, have provided insight into their molecular nature, their mechanisms of formation and their important roles in the integration of environmental and internal cues with a variety of organismal adaptive responses. However, the generality of the characteristics identified in this species remains an open question, even on a relatively short evolutionary scale, in teleosts. To address this question, we have characterized the broad organization of habenulae in the Atlantic salmon and quantified the asymmetries in each of the identified subdomains. Our results show that a highly conserved partitioning into a dorsal and a ventral component is retained in the Atlantic salmon and that asymmetries are mainly observed in the former as in zebrafish. A remarkable difference is that a prominent left-restricted pax6 positive nucleus is observed in the Atlantic salmon, but undetectable in zebrafish. This nucleus is not observed outside teleosts, and harbors a complex presence/absence pattern in this group, retaining its location and cytoarchitectonic organization in an elopomorph, the European eel. These findings suggest an ancient origin and high evolvability of this trait in the taxon. Taken together, our data raise novel questions about the variability of asymmetries across teleosts and their biological significance depending on ecological contexts.
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Hernández-Núñez I, Robledo D, Mayeur H, Mazan S, Sánchez L, Adrio F, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Candal E. Loss of Active Neurogenesis in the Adult Shark Retina. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628721. [PMID: 33644067 PMCID: PMC7905061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is the process by which progenitor cells generate new neurons. As development progresses neurogenesis becomes restricted to discrete neurogenic niches, where it persists during postnatal life. The retina of teleost fishes is thought to proliferate and produce new cells throughout life. Whether this capacity may be an ancestral characteristic of gnathostome vertebrates is completely unknown. Cartilaginous fishes occupy a key phylogenetic position to infer ancestral states fixed prior to the gnathostome radiation. Previous work from our group revealed that the juvenile retina of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, a cartilaginous fish, shows active proliferation and neurogenesis. Here, we compared the morphology and proliferative status of the retina in catshark juveniles and adults. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed an important reduction in the size of the peripheral retina (where progenitor cells are mainly located), a decrease in the thickness of the inner nuclear layer (INL), an increase in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer and a decrease in the cell density in the INL and in the ganglion cell layer in adults. Contrary to what has been reported in teleost fish, mitotic activity in the catshark retina was virtually absent after sexual maturation. Based on these results, we carried out RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses comparing the retinal transcriptome of juveniles and adults, which revealed a statistically significant decrease in the expression of many genes involved in cell proliferation and neurogenesis in adult catsharks. Our RNA-Seq data provides an excellent resource to identify new signaling pathways controlling neurogenesis in the vertebrate retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène Mayeur
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Sylvie Mazan
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fátima Adrio
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Candal
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de Bioloxía, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lekk I, Duboc V, Faro A, Nicolaou S, Blader P, Wilson SW. Sox1a mediates the ability of the parapineal to impart habenular left-right asymmetry. eLife 2019; 8:47376. [PMID: 31373552 PMCID: PMC6677535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-right asymmetries in the zebrafish habenular nuclei are dependent upon the formation of the parapineal, a unilateral group of neurons that arise from the medially positioned pineal complex. In this study, we show that both the left and right habenula are competent to adopt left-type molecular character and efferent connectivity upon the presence of only a few parapineal cells. This ability to impart left-sided character is lost in parapineal cells lacking Sox1a function, despite the normal specification of the parapineal itself. Precisely timed laser ablation experiments demonstrate that the parapineal influences neurogenesis in the left habenula at early developmental stages as well as neurotransmitter phenotype and efferent connectivity during subsequent stages of habenular differentiation. These results reveal a tight coordination between the formation of the unilateral parapineal nucleus and emergence of asymmetric habenulae, ensuring that appropriate lateralised character is propagated within left and right-sided circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lekk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Véronique Duboc
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (FR 3743), Centre de Biologie du Développement (UMR5547), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | - Ana Faro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanos Nicolaou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Blader
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (FR 3743), Centre de Biologie du Développement (UMR5547), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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