Ricci-flow based conformal mapping of the proximal femur to identify exercise loading effects

Objective analysis of orbital rim fracture CT images using curve and area measurement

The orbital bone presents a closed curve, and fracture results in disfigurement. An image analysis procedure was developed to examine before and after corrective surgery. An ellipse and circumscribed contour embodied the closed curve. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images were collected from 25 patients. Orbital rim data were generated, and binary images were created to facilitate closed curve analysis. Various indices, including the solidity value (closed curve area/convex hull area) and ellipse distance (discrepancy between the closed curve and the ellipse traversing the curve), were utilized. The ratios of various indices-including the number of vertices, solidity value, and ellipse distance-between the affected and unaffected sides showed postoperative values that were closer to 1, which would indicate perfect symmetry, than the preoperative measurements (P < 0.05). The solidity value increased, while both the ellipse distance and curvature values decreased, reflecting the transformation of bends into smooth contours following reduction surgery (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between 1-solidity, ellipse distance, and curvature using the Pearson correlation test (P < 0.05). This study validated postoperative changes in various indices and established correlations among multiple values, specifically solidity, ellipse distance, and curvature. Employing multiple indices with mutual complements has provided objective information confidently.