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Hempel P, Klein V, Michely A, Böll S, Rieg AD, Spillner J, Braunschweig T, von Stillfried S, Wagner N, Martin C, Tenbrock K, Verjans E. Amitriptyline inhibits bronchoconstriction and directly promotes dilatation of the airways. Respir Res 2023; 24:262. [PMID: 37907918 PMCID: PMC10617234 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard therapy for bronchial asthma consists of combinations of acute (short-acting ß2-sympathomimetics) and, depending on the severity of disease, additional long-term treatment (including inhaled glucocorticoids, long-acting ß2-sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, anti-IL-4R antibodies). The antidepressant amitriptyline has been identified as a relevant down-regulator of immunological TH2-phenotype in asthma, acting-at least partially-through inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), an enzyme involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the non-immunological role of amitriptyline on acute bronchoconstriction, a main feature of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic disease. METHODS After stimulation of precision cut lung slices (PCLS) from mice (wildtype and ASM-knockout), rats, guinea pigs and human lungs with mediators of bronchoconstriction (endogenous and exogenous acetylcholine, methacholine, serotonin, endothelin, histamine, thromboxane-receptor agonist U46619 and leukotriene LTD4, airway area was monitored in the absence of or with rising concentrations of amitriptyline. Airway dilatation was also investigated in rat PCLS by prior contraction induced by methacholine. As bronchodilators for maximal relaxation, we used IBMX (PDE inhibitor) and salbutamol (ß2-adrenergic agonist) and compared these effects with the impact of amitriptyline treatment. Isolated perfused lungs (IPL) of wildtype mice were treated with amitriptyline, administered via the vascular system (perfusate) or intratracheally as an inhalation. To this end, amitriptyline was nebulized via pariboy in-vivo and mice were ventilated with the flexiVent setup immediately after inhalation of amitriptyline with monitoring of lung function. RESULTS Our results show amitriptyline to be a potential inhibitor of bronchoconstriction, induced by exogenous or endogenous (EFS) acetylcholine, serotonin and histamine, in PCLS from various species. The effects of endothelin, thromboxane and leukotrienes could not be blocked. In acute bronchoconstriction, amitriptyline seems to act ASM-independent, because ASM-deficiency (Smdp1-/-) did not change the effect of acetylcholine on airway contraction. Systemic as well as inhaled amitriptyline ameliorated the resistance of IPL after acetylcholine provocation. With the flexiVent setup, we demonstrated that the acetylcholine-induced rise in central and tissue resistance was much more marked in untreated animals than in amitriptyline-treated ones. Additionally, we provide clear evidence that amitriptyline dilatates pre-contracted airways as effectively as a combination of typical bronchodilators such as IBMX and salbutamol. CONCLUSION Amitriptyline is a drug of high potential, which inhibits acute bronchoconstriction and induces bronchodilatation in pre-contracted airways. It could be one of the first therapeutic agents in asthmatic disease to have powerful effects on the TH2-allergic phenotype and on acute airway hyperresponsiveness with bronchoconstriction, especially when inhaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hempel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Virag Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Michely
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Böll
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette D Rieg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Spillner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Grannemann C, Pabst A, Honert A, Schieren J, Martin C, Hank S, Böll S, Bläsius K, Düsterhöft S, Jahr H, Merkel R, Leube R, Babendreyer A, Ludwig A. Mechanical activation of lung epithelial cells through the ion channel Piezo1 activates the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and promotes growth factor and adhesion molecule release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213516. [PMID: 37348330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In the lung, pulmonary epithelial cells undergo mechanical stretching during ventilation. The associated cellular mechanoresponse is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that activation of the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 in a human epithelial cell line (H441) and in primary human lung epithelial cells induces the proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 at the plasma membrane. These ADAMs are known to convert cell surface expressed proteins into soluble and thereby play major roles in proliferation, barrier regulation and inflammation. We observed that chemical activation of Piezo1 promotes cleavage of substrates that are specific for either ADAM10 or ADAM17. Activation of Piezo1 also induced the synthesis and ADAM10/17-dependent release of the growth factor amphiregulin (AREG). In addition, junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) was shed in an ADAM10/17-dependent manner resulting in a reduction of cell contacts. Stretching experiments combined with Piezo1 knockdown further demonstrated that mechanical activation promotes shedding via Piezo1. Most importantly, high pressure ventilation of murine lungs increased AREG and JAM-A release into the alveolar space, which was reduced by a Piezo1 inhibitor. Our study provides a novel link between stretch-induced Piezo1 activation and the activation of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in lung epithelium. This may help to understand acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is induced by ventilation stress and goes along with perturbed epithelial permeability and release of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grannemann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessa Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Honert
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Schieren
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia Hank
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Böll
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bläsius
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2, Mechanobiology, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Krabbe J, Kraus T, Krabbe H, Martin C, Ziegler P. Welding Fume Instillation in Isolated Perfused Mouse Lungs-Effects of Zinc- and Copper-Containing Welding Fumes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169052. [PMID: 36012318 PMCID: PMC9408907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes can cause systemic inflammation after exposure in humans. Recent ex vivo studies have shown that the observed inflammation originates from exposed immune cells. In vitro studies identified the soluble fraction of metal particles as the main effectors. Isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPLs) were perfused and ventilated for 270 min. Lungs were instilled with saline solution (control), welding fume particle suspension (WFs) or the soluble fraction of the welding fumes (SF-WFs). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and perfusate samples were analyzed for cytokine levels and lung tissue mRNA expression levels were analyzed via RT-PCR. All lungs instilled with WFs did not complete the experiments due to a fatal reduction in tidal volume. Accordingly, IL-6 and MPO levels were significantly higher in BALF of WF lungs compared to the control. IL-6 and MPO mRNA expression levels were also increased for WFs. Lungs instilled with SF-WFs only showed mild reactions in tidal volume, with BALF and mRNA expression levels not significantly differing from the control. Zinc- and copper-containing welding fume particles adversely affect IPLs when instilled, as evidenced by the fatal loss in tidal volume and increased cytokine expression and secretion. The effects are mainly caused by the particles, not by the soluble fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krabbe
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-8035028; Fax: +49-241-8082587
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanif Krabbe
- European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Never Change a Flowing System? The Effects of Retrograde Flow on Isolated Perfused Lungs and Vessels. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051210. [PMID: 34063473 PMCID: PMC8156646 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde perfusion may occur during disease, surgery or extracorporeal circulation. While it is clear that endothelial cells sense and respond to changes in blood flow, the consequences of retrograde perfusion are only poorly defined. Similar to shear stress or disturbed flow, retrograde perfusion might result in vasomotor responses, edema formation or inflammation in and around vessels. In this study we investigated in rats the effects of retrograde perfusion in isolated systemic vessels (IPV) and in pulmonary vessels of isolated perfused lungs (IPL). Anterograde and retrograde perfusion was performed for 480 min in IPV and for 180 min in the IPL. Perfusion pressure, cytokine levels in perfusate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), edema formation and mRNA expression were studied. In IPV, an increased perfusion pressure and initially also increased cytokine levels were observed during retrograde perfusion. In the IPL, increased edema formation occurred, while cytokine levels were not increased, though dilution of cytokines in BALF due to pulmonary edema cannot be excluded. In conclusion, effects of flow reversal were visible immediately after initiation of retrograde perfusion. Pulmonary edema formation was the only effect of the 3 h retrograde perfusion. Therefore, further research should focus on identification of possible long-term complications of flow reversal.
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Ziebart A, Breit C, Ruemmler R, Hummel R, Möllmann C, Jungmann F, Kamuf J, Garcia-Bardon A, Thal SC, Kreitner KF, Schäfer MKE, Hartmann EK. Effect of fluid resuscitation on cerebral integrity: A prospective randomised porcine study of haemorrhagic shock. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:411-421. [PMID: 33399378 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of haemorrhagic shock is a challenging task. Colloids have been regarded as standard treatment, but their safety and benefit have been the subject of controversial debates. Negative effects, including renal failure and increased mortality, have resulted in restrictions on their administration. The cerebral effects of different infusion regimens are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The current study investigated the impact of gelatine-polysuccinate, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and balanced electrolyte solution (BES) on cerebral integrity, focusing on cerebral inflammation, apoptosis and blood flow in pigs. DESIGN Randomised experimental study. SETTING University-affiliated large animal research unit. ANIMALS Twenty-four juvenile pigs aged 8 to 12 weeks. INTERVENTION Haemorrhagic shock was induced by controlled arterial blood withdrawal to achieve a combination of relevant blood loss (30 to 40 ml kg-1) and haemodynamic deterioration. After 30 min of shock, fluid resuscitation was started with either gelatine-polysuccinate, HES or BES. The animals were then monitored for 4 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cerebral perfusion and diffusion were measured via arterial-spin-labelling MRI. Peripheral tissue perfusion was evaluated via white light spectroscopy. Cortical and hippocampal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The numbers of cerebral cell nuclei were counted and mRNA expression of markers for cerebral apoptosis [glucose transporter protein type 1 (SLC2A), lipocalin 2 (LCN-2), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)] and inflammation [IL-6, TNF-α, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)] were determined. RESULTS The three fluid protocols all stabilised the macrocirculation. Fluid resuscitation significantly increased the cerebral perfusion. Gelatine-polysuccinate and HES initially led to a higher cardiac output but caused haemodilution. Cerebral cell counts (as cells μm-2) were lower after colloid administration in the cortex (gelatine-polysuccinate, 1.8 ± 0.3; HES, 1.9 ± 0.4; each P < 0.05 vs. BES, 2.3 ± 0.2) and the hippocampus (gelatine-polysuccinate, 0.8 ± 0.2; HES, 0.9 ± 0.2; each P < 0.05 vs. BES, 1.1 ± 0.1). After gelatine-polysuccinate, the hippocampal SLC2A and GFAP were lower. After gelatine-polysuccinate, the cortical LCN-2 and TNF-α expression levels were increased (each P < 0.05 vs. BES). CONCLUSION In a porcine model, fluid resuscitation by colloids, particularly gelatine-polysuccinate, was associated with the occurrence of cerebral injury. ETHICAL APPROVAL NUMBER 23 177-07/G 15-1-092; 01/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ziebart
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology (AZ, RR, RH, CM, JK, AG-B, SCT, MKES, EKH), Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University (CB, FJ, K-FK), Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (MKES) and Research Centre for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (MKES)
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Kapicibasi HO, Kiraz HA, Gök ND. Comparison of Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (6%) with commonly used agents in an experimental Pleurodesis model. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:227. [PMID: 32854677 PMCID: PMC7450802 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) 130/0.4 (6%) is a commonly used intravascular volume expander with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we aimed to compare the histopathologic activity of HES 130/0.4 (6%) with various widely-used agents in pleurodesis. Methods Forty male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into five groups: controls, povidone-iodine recipients (PI group), sterile talcum recipients (Talcum group), autologous blood recipients (AB group) and HES 130/0.4 (6%) recipients (HES group). Thirty days after application of agents, pleural and lung tissues were resected. Evaluation was performed via macroscopic scoring (adhesion) and specimens were stained with H&E for microscopic examination (inflammation and fibrosis). Results HES recipients had significantly higher adhesion compared to controls (lower grade 0, higher grade 1 frequency vs. controls), they were found to have significantly lower frequency of grade 2 adhesion (vs. PI, Talc and AB) and grade 3 adhesion (vs. AB), indicating that the adhesion-generating properties of HES were only superior to the control group. HES recipients had significantly higher inflammatory grades compared to controls (lower grade 0, higher grade 1 frequency), while they had lower grades compared to the PI, Talc and AB groups. Although the PI, Talc and AB groups were statistically similar in most comparisons, we observed a trend towards higher success with the use of Talc and especially AB. Conclusion Our results do not support a role for HES in pleurodesis. We believe that the autologous blood method remains as an effective and successful procedure without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Oğuz Kapicibasi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ali Kiraz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Nazli Demir Gök
- Department of Pathology, Izmit Seka State Hospital, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zhu Z, Lian X, Zeng Y, Wu W, Xu Z, Chen Y, Li J, Su X, Zeng L, Lv G. Point-of-Care Ultrasound-A New Option for Early Quantitative Assessment of Pulmonary Edema. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1-10. [PMID: 31575429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work described here was to investigate the value of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the early assessment of the severity of pulmonary edema in rabbits. A rabbit oleic acid (OA)-induced pulmonary edema model was used. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three pulmonary edema groups (mild, moderate and severe). Features of transthoracic B-line artifacts (BLA), blood pH, PaO2 and PaCO2, serum inflammatory factors, lung coefficient (LC), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) and lung histopathology were assessed. BLA features and severity of pulmonary edema were semiquantitatively scored. Correlations between the number of BLA and PaO2, PaCO2, serum inflammatory factors, LC and W/D were analyzed. An additional 8 rabbits with severe pulmonary edema were used as the verified group, in which the lung was divided into ex vivo BLA (BLA-ev)-free (BLA-ev-free) and BLA-ev-clustered subregions depending on the features of BLA-ev recorded by ex vivo lung ultrasound. Lung specimens from each subregion were collected for histopathological examination. Relationships between features of BLA-ev and lung histopathological abnormalities were analyzed. With increasing doses of OA, number of BLA, W/D and levels of serum inflammatory factors decreased. Meanwhile, lung pathologic abnormalities were aggravated. In addition, time of appearance of BLA, blood pH and PaO2, and PaCO2 decreased dose dependently on OA (p < 0.05). Number of BLA was linear positively correlated with severity of pulmonary edema (r = 0.953, p < 0.05). Consistently, the features of BLA-ev reflected the severity of lung histopathological abnormalities (r = 0.936, p < 0.05). Thus, POCUS is useful in the early quantitative assessment of the severity of pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Xihua Lian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Zhirong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Jingyun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City Luoyang River, China
| | - Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Liqing Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian, China
| | - Guorong Lv
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City Luoyang River, China.
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Krabbe J, Ruske N, Kanzler S, Reiss LK, Ludwig A, Uhlig S, Martin C. Retrograde perfusion in isolated perfused mouse lungs-Feasibility and effects on cytokine levels and pulmonary oedema formation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:279-288. [PMID: 30925204 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde lung vascular perfusion can appear in high-risk surgeries. The present report is the first to study long-term retrograde perfusion of isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPLs) and to use the tyrosine kinase ephB4 and its ligand ephrinB2 as potential markers for acute lung injury. Mouse lungs were subjected to anterograde or retrograde perfusion with normal-pressure ventilation (NV) or high-pressure ventilation (=overventilation, OV) for 4 hours. Outcome parameters were cytokine, ephrinB2 and ephB4 levels in perfusate samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the wet-to-dry ratio. Anterograde perfusion was feasible for 4 hours, while lungs receiving retrograde perfusion presented considerable collapse rates. Retrograde perfusion resulted in an increased wet-to-dry ratio when combined with high-pressure ventilation; other physiological parameters were not affected. Cytokine levels in BAL and perfusate, as well as levels of soluble ephB4 in BAL were increased in OV, while soluble ephrinB2 BAL levels were increased in retrograde perfusion. BAL levels of ephrinB2 and ephB4 were also determined in vivo, including mice ventilated for 7 hours with normal-volume ventilation (NVV) or high-volume ventilation (HVV) with increased levels of ephB4 in HVV BAL compared to NVV. Retrograde perfusion in IPL is limited as a routine method to investigate effects due to collapse for yet unclear reasons. If successful, retrograde perfusion has an influence on pulmonary oedema formation. In BAL, ephrinB2 seems to be up-regulated by flow reversal, while ephB4 is a marker for acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krabbe
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Ruske
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kanzler
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucy Kathleen Reiss
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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