1
|
Hata T, Kawahara T, Takayoshi R, Miyagi Y, Miyake T. HD live Silhouette features of physiological midgut herniation. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:561-566. [PMID: 38407184 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama, Japan
| | - Riko Takayoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyagi
- Department of Gynecology, Miyake Ofuku Clinic, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chevalier NR. Physical organogenesis of the gut. Development 2022; 149:276365. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The gut has been a central subject of organogenesis since Caspar Friedrich Wolff’s seminal 1769 work ‘De Formatione Intestinorum’. Today, we are moving from a purely genetic understanding of cell specification to a model in which genetics codes for layers of physical–mechanical and electrical properties that drive organogenesis such that organ function and morphogenesis are deeply intertwined. This Review provides an up-to-date survey of the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical forces acting on the embryonic vertebrate gut during development and of their role in all aspects of intestinal morphogenesis: enteric nervous system formation, epithelium structuring, muscle orientation and differentiation, anisotropic growth and the development of myogenic and neurogenic motility. I outline numerous implications of this biomechanical perspective in the etiology and treatment of pathologies, such as short bowel syndrome, dysmotility, interstitial cells of Cajal-related disorders and Hirschsprung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R. Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057 , 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Paivinen P, Xie C, Krup AL, Makela TP, Mostov KE, Reiter JF. Ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the digestive system to generate mechanical forces driving elongation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7186. [PMID: 34893605 PMCID: PMC8664829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How tubular organs elongate is poorly understood. We found that attenuated ciliary Hedgehog signaling in the gut wall impaired patterning of the circumferential smooth muscle and inhibited proliferation and elongation of developing intestine and esophagus. Similarly, ablation of gut-wall smooth muscle cells reduced lengthening. Disruption of ciliary Hedgehog signaling or removal of smooth muscle reduced residual stress within the gut wall and decreased activity of the mechanotransductive effector YAP. Removing YAP in the mesenchyme also reduced proliferation and elongation, but without affecting smooth muscle formation, suggesting that YAP interprets the smooth muscle-generated force to promote longitudinal growth. Additionally, we developed an intestinal culture system that recapitulates the requirements for cilia and mechanical forces in elongation. Pharmacologically activating YAP in this system restored elongation of cilia-deficient intestines. Thus, our results reveal that ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the circumferential smooth muscle to generate radial mechanical forces that activate YAP and elongate the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pekka Paivinen
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomi P Makela
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith E Mostov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jahan N, Jahan E, Rafiq AM, Matsumoto A, Otani H. Histomorphometric analysis of the epithelial lumen, mesenchyme, smooth muscle cell layers, and mesentery of the mouse developing duodenum in relation with the macroscopic morphogenesis. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:450-460. [PMID: 33630273 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integral analysis of the development of the epithelium, mesenchyme, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers, i.e., the inner circular (IC) and outer longitudinal layers, as well as their relation with the mesentery is necessary to understand macroscopic gut development. We here focused on the proximal duodenum with the characteristic "C"-shaped loop and analyzed the duodenum down to the duodenojejunal flexure in C57BL/6J mouse embryos at embryonic days (E) 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5 by histomorphometric analysis. We examined the angle of the axis of the epithelial lumen, which was oval at E13.5 against the mesentery, along with the epithelial cell nuclear shape, the adjacent mesenchymal cell density in relation to the epithelial lumen axis, and the development of SMC layers. The luminal axis of the oval epithelial lumen at E13.5 rotated clockwise against the mesentery in the proximal duodenum. The shape of epithelial nuclei was longer and thinner at the long axis but shorter and broader at the short axis, whereas mesenchymal density was significantly lower in the area on the luminal long axis than that on the short axis. The number of SMC layers in the IC at E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5 showed a regional difference in relation to the mesentery, but no regional difference along the long axis of the duodenum. These findings suggest that epithelial lumen winding against the mesentery and the corresponding changes in the epithelial cell shape and surrounding mesenchymal density may be involved in the formation of the "C" loop of the proximal duodenum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Esrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ashiq Mahmood Rafiq
- Center for the Promotion of Project Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jahan E, Rafiq AM, Matsumoto A, Jahan N, Otani H. Development of the smooth muscle layer in the ileum of mouse embryos. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:97-105. [PMID: 32856276 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The smooth muscle layer (SML) comprises a significant portion of the intestines and other tubular organs. Whereas epithelial development has recently been extensively studied, SML development has drawn relatively less attention. Previous morphological reports revealed that the inner circular layer (IC) differentiates earlier than the outer longitudinal layer (OL), but detailed development of the SML, including chronological changes in the cell layer number, precise cell orientation, and regional differences in relation to the mesentery, has not been reported. We here observed the development of the SML in the C57BL/6J mouse ileum near the ileocecal junction at embryonic day (E) 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5. By histo-morphometric analyses, in IC, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were oval-shaped and irregularly arranged in 3-4 layers at E13.5, then adopted an elongated spindle shape and decreased to two cell layers at E15.5 and E17.5. The IC SMC nuclear angle was not vertical, but oriented at 60-80° against the mid-axis of the intestinal lumen. The single SMC layer in OL was observed at E17.5, and the SMC nuclear angle was parallel to the luminal mid-axis. No clear regional difference against the mesentery was observed. Collectively, the findings suggest that development and differentiation of the ileal SML is not simple but regulated in a complex manner and possibly related to the macroscopic organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ashiq Mahmood Rafiq
- Center for the Promotion of Project Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lemke C, Biedermann U. A persistent vitelline artery in an adult. Case report and review of literature. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
7
|
Khalipina D, Kaga Y, Dacher N, Chevalier NR. Smooth muscle contractility causes the gut to grow anisotropically. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190484. [PMID: 31594523 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the most anisotropically shaped organ, but, when grown in culture, embryonic intestinal stem cells form star- or sphere-shaped organoids. Here, we present evidence that spontaneous tonic and phasic contractions of the circular smooth muscle of the embryonic gut cause short-timescale elongation of the organ by a purely mechanical, self-squeezing effect. We present an innovative culture set-up to achieve embryonic gut growth in culture and demonstrate by three different methods (embryological, pharmacological and microsurgical) that gut elongational growth is compromised when smooth muscle contractions are inhibited. We conclude that the cumulated short-term mechanical deformations induced by circular smooth muscle lead to long-term anisotropic growth of the gut, thus demonstrating a self-consistent way by which the function of this organ (peristalsis) directs its shape (morphogenesis). Our model correctly predicts that longitudinal smooth muscle differentiation later in embryogenesis slows down elongation, and that several mice models with defective gut smooth muscle contractility also exhibit gut growth defects. We lay out a comprehensive scheme of forces acting on the gut during embryogenesis and of their role in the morphogenesis of this organ. This knowledge will help design efficient in vitro organ growth protocols and handle gut growth pathologies such as short bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Khalipina
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yusuke Kaga
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dacher
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|