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Papitto G, Friederici AD, Zaccarella E. Distinct neural mechanisms for action access and execution in the human brain: insights from an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae163. [PMID: 38629799 PMCID: PMC11022341 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed actions are fundamental to human behavior, whereby inner goals are achieved through mapping action representations to motor outputs. The left premotor cortex (BA6) and the posterior portion of Broca's area (BA44) are two modulatory poles of the action system. However, how these regions support the representation-output mapping within the system is not yet understood. To address this, we conducted a finger-tapping functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment using action categories ranging from specific to general. Our study found distinct neural behaviors in BA44 and BA6 during action category processing and motor execution. During access of action categories, activity in a posterior portion of BA44 (pBA44) decreased linearly as action categories became less specific. Conversely, during motor execution, activity in BA6 increased linearly with less specific categories. These findings highlight the differential roles of pBA44 and BA6 in action processing. We suggest that pBA44 facilitates access to action categories by utilizing motor information from the behavioral context while the premotor cortex integrates motor information to execute the selected action. This finding enhances our understanding of the interplay between prefrontal cortical regions and premotor cortex in mapping action representation to motor execution and, more in general, of the cortical mechanisms underlying human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Papitto
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom), Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Zaccarella
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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3
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Bellana B, Ladyka-Wojcik N, Lahan S, Moscovitch M, Grady CL. Recollection and prior knowledge recruit the left angular gyrus during recognition. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:197-217. [PMID: 36441240 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human angular gyrus (AG) is implicated in recollection, or the ability to retrieve detailed memory content from a specific episode. A separate line of research examining the neural bases of more general mnemonic representations, extracted over multiple episodes, also highlights the AG as a core region of interest. To reconcile these separate views of AG function, the present fMRI experiment used a Remember-Know paradigm with famous (prior knowledge) and non-famous (no prior knowledge) faces to test whether AG activity could be modulated by both task-specific recollection and general prior knowledge within the same individuals. Increased BOLD activity in the left AG was observed during both recollection in the absence of prior knowledge (recollected > non-recollected or correctly rejected non-famous faces) and when prior knowledge was accessed in the absence of experiment-specific recollection (famous > non-famous correct rejections). This pattern was most prominent for the left AG as compared to the broader inferior parietal lobe. Recollection-related responses in the left AG increased with encoding duration and prior knowledge, despite prior knowledge being incidental to the recognition decision. Overall, the left AG appears sensitive to both task-specific recollection and the incidental access of general prior knowledge, thus broadening our notions of the kinds of mnemonic representations that drive activity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhika Bellana
- Department of Psychology, York University, Glendon Campus, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Shany Lahan
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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4
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Humphreys GF, Jung J, Lambon Ralph MA. The convergence and divergence of episodic and semantic functions across lateral parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5664-5681. [PMID: 35196706 PMCID: PMC9753060 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have highlighted the importance of lateral parietal cortex (LPC) across a myriad of cognitive domains. Yet, the underlying function of LPC remains unclear. Two domains that have emphasized LPC involvement are semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval. From each domain, sophisticated functional models have been proposed, as well as the more domain-general assumption that LPC is engaged by any form of internally directed cognition (episodic/semantic retrieval being examples). Here we used a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging white-matter connectivity to show that (i) ventral LPC (angular gyrus [AG]) was positively engaged during episodic retrieval but disengaged during semantic memory retrieval and (ii) activity negatively varied with task difficulty in the semantic task whereas episodic activation was independent of difficulty. In contrast, dorsal LPC (intraparietal sulcus) showed domain general activation that was positively correlated with task difficulty. Finally, (iii) a dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior gradient of functional and structural connectivity was found across the AG (e.g. mid-AG connected with episodic retrieval). We propose a unifying model in which LPC as a whole might share a common underlying neurocomputation (multimodal buffering) with variations in the emergent cognitive functions across subregions arising from differences in the underlying connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina F Humphreys
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - JeYoung Jung
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
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5
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Bainbridge WA, Baker CI. Multidimensional memory topography in the medial parietal cortex identified from neuroimaging of thousands of daily memory videos. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6508. [PMID: 36316315 PMCID: PMC9622880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our memories form a tapestry of events, people, and places, woven across the decades of our lives. However, research has often been limited in assessing the nature of episodic memory by using artificial stimuli and short time scales. The explosion of social media enables new ways to examine the neural representations of naturalistic episodic memories, for features like the memory's age, location, memory strength, and emotions. We recruited 23 users of a video diary app ("1 s Everyday"), who had recorded 9266 daily memory videos spanning up to 7 years. During a 3 T fMRI scan, participants viewed 300 of their memory videos intermixed with 300 from another individual. We find that memory features are tightly interrelated, highlighting the need to test them in conjunction, and discover a multidimensional topography in medial parietal cortex, with subregions sensitive to a memory's age, strength, and the familiarity of the people and places involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma A. Bainbridge
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Chris I. Baker
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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6
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Avelar-Pereira B, Tam GKY, Hosseini SMH. The effect of body posture on resting-state functional connectivity. Brain Connect 2021; 12:275-284. [PMID: 34114506 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important but under-investigated confound of functional MRI (fMRI) is body posture. Although it is well-established that body position changes cerebral blood flow, the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, intracranial pressure, and even the firing rate of certain cell types, there is currently no study that directly examines its effect on fMRI measurements. Moreover, fMRI is typically done in a supine position, which often does not correspond to how these processes are performed in everyday settings. METHODS In this study, 20 healthy adults underwent resting-state fMRI under three body positions: supine, right lateral decubitus (RLD), and left lateral decubitus (LLD). We first investigated whether there were differences in overall organization of whole-brain connectivity between conditions using graph theory. Second, we examined whether functional connectivity of two most studied default mode network (DMN) seeds to the rest of the brain was altered as a function of body position. RESULTS Nonparametric statistical analyses revealed that global network measures differed among conditions, with the supine and LLD showing identical results compared to the RLD. There was decreased connectivity for DMN seeds in the RLD condition compared to the supine and LLD, but there were no significant differences between the latter two conditions. DISCUSSION Potential mechanisms underlying these alterations include gravity, changes in physiology, and body anatomy. Our results suggest that, compared to supine and LLD, the RLD position leads to changes in whole-brain and DMN connectivity. Finally, depending on the research question, combining imaging modalities that allow for more naturalistic settings can provide a better understanding of certain phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, California, United States, 94305;
| | - Grace K-Y Tam
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, United States;
| | - S M Hadi Hosseini
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, United States;
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7
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Teghil A, Bonavita A, Guariglia C, Boccia M. Commonalities and specificities between environmental navigation and autobiographical memory: A synthesis and a theoretical perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:928-945. [PMID: 34102149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that declarative memory evolved from spatial navigation, with episodic memory having its roots in mechanisms of egocentric navigation and semantic memory in those of allocentric navigation; however, whether these brain networks actually overlap is still unclear. Using Activation Likelihood Estimation, we assessed the correspondence between brain correlates of spatial navigation (SN) and autobiographical memory (AM), further testing whether neural substrates of episodic memory (EAM) and egocentric navigation, and those of semantic memory (SAM) and map-like navigation, coincide. SN and AM commonly activated the parahippocampal gyrus and middle hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex and right angular gyrus, but also involved distinct brain regions. Similarly, EAM and egocentric navigation, besides sharing a network involving the right angular gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus, activated distinct brain regions; no region was commonly activated by SAM and allocentric navigation. We discuss findings in the light of theories on the relation between navigation and memory, and propose a new theoretical perspective, which takes into account the dynamic nature of navigational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bonavita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Differentiating Real-World Autobiographical Experiences without Recourse to Behaviour. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040521. [PMID: 33923975 PMCID: PMC8074167 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating human consciousness based on brain activity alone is a key challenge in cognitive neuroscience. One of its central facets, the ability to form autobiographical memories, has been investigated through several fMRI studies that have revealed a pattern of activity across a network of frontal, parietal, and medial temporal lobe regions when participants view personal photographs, as opposed to when they view photographs from someone else's life. Here, our goal was to attempt to decode when participants were re-experiencing an entire event, captured on video from a first-person perspective, relative to a very similar event experienced by someone else. Participants were asked to sit passively in a wheelchair while a researcher pushed them around a local mall. A small wearable camera was mounted on each participant, in order to capture autobiographical videos of the visit from a first-person perspective. One week later, participants were scanned while they passively viewed different categories of videos; some were autobiographical, while others were not. A machine-learning model was able to successfully classify the video categories above chance, both within and across participants, suggesting that there is a shared mechanism differentiating autobiographical experiences from non-autobiographical ones. Moreover, the classifier brain maps revealed that the fronto-parietal network, mid-temporal regions and extrastriate cortex were critical for differentiating between autobiographical and non-autobiographical memories. We argue that this novel paradigm captures the true nature of autobiographical memories, and is well suited to patients (e.g., with brain injuries) who may be unable to respond reliably to traditional experimental stimuli.
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9
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Edde M, Dilharreguy B, Theaud G, Chanraud S, Helmer C, Dartigues JF, Amieva H, Allard M, Descoteaux M, Catheline G. Age-related change in episodic memory: role of functional and structural connectivity between the ventral posterior cingulate and the parietal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2203-2218. [PMID: 32728934 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While the neural correlates of age-related episodic memory decline have been extensively studied, the precise involvement of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC) and posterior parietal cortex (the precuneus and the angular gyrus), remains unclear. The present study examined functional and structural neural correlates of age-related episodic memory change assessed over 12 years in 120 older adults (range 76-90 years). Episodic memory performance was measured using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT); functional connectivity metrics were computed from resting-state fMRI images and structural connectivity metrics were assessed through microstructural properties of reconstructed tract using a native space pipeline. We found that FCSRT change was significantly associated with the functional connectivity between the ventral PCC and three parietal regions, the ventral superior, the inferior part of the precuneus, and the rostro dorsal part of the angular gyrus. This association was independent of hippocampal volume. In addition, we found the that change in FCSRT scores was associated with fractional anisotropy of the tract connecting the ventral PCC and the ventral superior part of the precuneus. Change in episodic memory in aging was therefore related to a combination of high functional connectivity and low structural connectivity between the ventral PCC and the ventral superior part of the precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Edde
- EPHE, PSL, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,, Bât. 2A - 2ème Étage - Case 22, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France.
| | | | - Guillaume Theaud
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- EPHE, PSL, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michèle Allard
- EPHE, PSL, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gwénaëlle Catheline
- EPHE, PSL, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INCIA, UMR 5287, Université de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Brown TI, Gagnon SA, Wagner AD. Stress Disrupts Human Hippocampal-Prefrontal Function during Prospective Spatial Navigation and Hinders Flexible Behavior. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1821-1833.e8. [PMID: 32243859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to anticipate and flexibly plan for the future is critical for achieving goal-directed outcomes. Extant data suggest that neural and cognitive stress mechanisms may disrupt memory retrieval and restrict prospective planning, with deleterious impacts on behavior. Here, we examined whether and how acute psychological stress influences goal-directed navigational planning and efficient, flexible behavior. Our methods combined fMRI, neuroendocrinology, and machine learning with a virtual navigation planning task. Human participants were trained to navigate familiar paths in virtual environments and then (concurrent with fMRI) performed a planning and navigation task that could be most efficiently solved by taking novel shortcut paths. Strikingly, relative to non-stressed control participants, participants who performed the planning task under experimentally induced acute psychological stress demonstrated (1) disrupted neural activity critical for mnemonic retrieval and mental simulation and (2) reduced traversal of shortcuts and greater reliance on familiar paths. These neural and behavioral changes under psychological stress were tied to evidence for disrupted neural replay of memory for future locations in the spatial environment, providing mechanistic insight into why and how stress can alter planning and foster inefficient behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thackery I Brown
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Neural correlates of retrieval-based enhancement of autobiographical memory in older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1447. [PMID: 31996715 PMCID: PMC6989450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelog photo review is considered to enhance the recall of personal events. While a sizable body of research has explored the neural basis of autobiographical memory (AM), there is limited neural evidence on the retrieval-based enhancement effect on event memory among older adults in the real-world environment. This study examined the neural processes of AM as was modulated by retrieval practice through lifelog photo review in older adults. In the experiment, blood-oxygen-level dependent response during subjects’ recall of recent events was recorded, where events were cued by photos that may or may not have been exposed to a priori retrieval practice (training). Subjects remembered more episodic details under the trained relative to non-trained condition. Importantly, the neural correlates of AM was exhibited by (1) dissociable cortical areas related to recollection and familiarity, and (2) a positive correlation between the amount of recollected episodic details and cortical activation within several lateral temporal and parietal regions. Further analysis of the brain activation pattern at a few regions of interest within the core remember network showed a training_condition × event_detail interaction effect, suggesting that the boosting effect of retrieval practice depended on the level of recollected event details.
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12
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Arzy S, Schacter DL. Self-Agency and Self-Ownership in Cognitive Mapping. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:476-487. [PMID: 31064702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The concepts of agency of one's actions and ownership of one's experience have proved useful in relating body representations to bodily consciousness. Here we apply these concepts to cognitive maps. Agency is defined as 'the sense that I am the one who is generating the experience represented on a cognitive map', while ownership is defined as 'the sense that I am the one who is undergoing an experience, represented on a cognitive map'. The roles of agency and ownership are examined with respect to the transformation between egocentric and allocentric representations and the underlying neurocognitive and computational mechanisms; and within the neuropsychiatric domain, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory-related disorders, in which the senses of agency and ownership may be disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Arzy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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13
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Sheldon S, Fenerci C, Gurguryan L. A Neurocognitive Perspective on the Forms and Functions of Autobiographical Memory Retrieval. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:4. [PMID: 30760984 PMCID: PMC6361758 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory retrieval involves constructing mental representations of personal past episodes by associating together an array of details related to the retrieved event. This construction process occurs flexibly so that the event details can be associated together in different ways during retrieval. Here, we propose that differences in how this association occurs support a division in autobiographical remembering. We first review theories of autobiographical memory organization that suggest that episodic details of an experience are processed along a gradient of abstraction. This organization allows for the same autobiographical event to be recalled as either a conceptualized or perceptually-based episodic memory. We then use neuroimaging evidence to show how this division within episodic autobiographical memory is also present in the brain, both at a network level and within the hippocampus. Specifically, we suggest that the anterior and posterior hippocampus are obligatorily tuned towards constructing conceptual vs. perceptual episodic representations of autobiographical memories. Finally, we discuss the directive purpose of this proposed division of episodic remembering by reviewing decision scenarios that benefit from recalling the past as a conceptual vs. a perceptual episode. Conceptual remembering is useful to guide ambiguous decisions that have yet to be encountered whereas perceptual remembering is useful to guide decisions for well-structured tasks that have been previously experienced. We emphasize that the ability to shift between conceptual and perceptual forms of remembering, by virtue of hippocampal specialization, during decision-making and other memory-guided actions is the key to adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Can Fenerci
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lauri Gurguryan
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Bréchet L, Grivaz P, Gauthier B, Blanke O. Common Recruitment of Angular Gyrus in Episodic Autobiographical Memory and Bodily Self-Consciousness. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:270. [PMID: 30487740 PMCID: PMC6246737 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal cortex and adjacent parts of the temporal cortex have recently been associated with bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Similarly, growing evidence suggests that the lateral parietal cortex is crucial for the subjective aspects of episodic autobiographical memory (EAM), which is based on the conscious experience of reliving past events. However, the neuroanatomical relationship between both fundamental aspects remains currently unexplored. Moreover, despite the wealth of neuroimaging data on EAM, only few neuroimaging studies have examined BSC and even fewer examined those aspects of BSC that are most closely related to EAM. Here, we investigated whether regions in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) that have been involved in spatial aspects of BSC (self-location and first-person perspective), as described by Ionta et al. (2011) are also active in studies investigating autobiographical memory. To examine this relation, we thus compared the regions indicated in the study by Ionta et al. (2011) based on data in healthy participants and neurological patients, with the results from a meta-analytical study we performed based on functional neuroimaging studies on EAM and semantic autobiographical memory (SAM). We report an anatomical overlap bilaterally in the angular gyrus (AG), but not in other parietal or temporal lobe structures between BSC and EAM. Moreover, there was no overlap between BSC and SAM. These preliminary data suggest that the bilateral AG may be a key structure for the conscious re-experiencing of past life episodes (EAM) and the conscious on-line experience of being located and experiencing the world in first-person (BSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bréchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Grivaz
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Heath A, Taylor JL, McNerney MW. rTMS for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: where should we be stimulating? Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:903-905. [PMID: 30350733 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1538792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alesha Heath
- a Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences , University of Western Australia , Crawley , Australia.,b Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science , Nedlands , Australia
| | - J L Taylor
- c Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Sierra Pacific MIRECC , Palo Alto , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies , Stanford University School of Medecine , Palo Alto , USA
| | - M Windy McNerney
- c Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Sierra Pacific MIRECC , Palo Alto , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies , Stanford University School of Medecine , Palo Alto , USA
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