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Wu J, Li WH, Wang WR, Jin XQ, Liu EQ. Proteomics Analysis of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in the Liver of Rabbits fed on a High Cholesterol Diet. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01139-y. [PMID: 37160861 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to analyze the proteomics of the liver in rabbits on a high cholesterol diet (HCD). We randomly divided New Zealand white rabbits into the normal diet group and the HCD group. We established the atherosclerosis model and measured plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. The model was successfully established using ultrasound examination and histopathological staining of the intima of aorta and liver of the two groups of rabbits. The differential proteins in the rabbit liver were analyzed using Tandem Mass Tags proteomic analysis technology. Finally, we used western blot to verify the reliability of proteomics. The results showed that compared with the control group, the serum lipid levels of rats in the HCD group was significantly increased, and the pathological sections showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta, inflammation, and adipose lesions in the liver. Proteomic analysis of the liver revealed 149 differences in HCD-expressed protein, which is mainly involved in inflammation and regulation of lipid and sugar metabolism. In addition, we verified differentially expressed liver proteins in the HCD group using western blot. We found that HCD caused lipid accumulation, abnormal glucose metabolism, and inflammatory response in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Wei-Rong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Department of Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue-Qin Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Department of Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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2
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Guan H, Liu T, Liu M, Wang X, Shi T, Guo F. SFRP4 Reduces Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation in ApoE Deficient Mice. Cardiol Res Pract 2023; 2023:8302289. [PMID: 37143778 PMCID: PMC10154090 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8302289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4), a member of the SFRPs family, contributes to a significant function in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is not enough evidence to prove the antiatherosclerosis effect of SFRP4 in ApoE knock-out (KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were fed a western diet and injected adenovirus (Ad)-SFRP4 through the tail vein for 12 weeks. Contrasted with the control cohort, the area of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE KO mice overexpressing SFRP4 was reduced significantly. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated in the Ad-SFRP4 group. RNA sequence analysis indicated that there were 96 differentially expressed genes enriched in 10 signaling pathways in the mRNA profile of aortic atherosclerosis lesions. The analysis data also revealed the expression of a number of genes linked to metabolism, organism system, and human disease. In summary, our data demonstrates that SFRP4 could play an important role in improving atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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C1QL1/CTRP14 Is Largely Dispensable for Atherosclerosis Formation in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100341. [PMID: 36286293 PMCID: PMC9604636 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of C1QL1 on atherosclerosis as well as the transcriptomic alteration of the aorta. While complement C1ql-like 1 (C1QL1) is one of the C1q/tumor-necrosis-factor-related protein (CTRP) family members, also known as CTRP14, and is synthesized and secreted mainly by the brain and adipose tissues, the functional properties of the C1QL1/CTRP14 protein outside the brain and adipocytes remain, however, unknown. In this regard, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice were fed a Western diet and injected with adenovirus (Ad) green fluorescent protein or Ad-C1QL1 through the tail vein for 12 weeks. In contrast with the control cohort, the area of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE KO mice overexpressing C1QL1 showed no significant difference, and the RNA sequence revealed that there were only 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in 26 signaling pathways of the mRNA profile in the aortic atherosclerosis lesions. This analysis also revealed the expression of several genes related to metabolism, organismal system, and human diseases such as type II diabetes, which are not associated with the formation of atherosclerosis in the aorta. These findings illustrate that C1QL1 is largely dispensable for atherosclerosis formation in ApoE-deficient mice and does not improve atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta.
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He B, Chen D, Zhang X, Yang R, Yang Y, Chen P, Shen Z. Antiatherosclerotic effects of corilagin via suppression of the LOX-1/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Nat Med 2022; 76:389-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Zhang C, Wang X, Sun S, Fu Y, Wu Y, Zhao S, Fan X, Liu E. Fat-1 expression alleviates atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1306-1314. [PMID: 35040258 PMCID: PMC8831984 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. The Fat-1 gene can express the n-3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to n-3 PUFAs. The role of n-3 PUFAs in atherosclerosis is widely debated. This study explored the effect of n-3 PUFAs on atherosclerosis in rabbits. In this study, atherosclerosis was induced in Fat-1 transgenic rabbits and their littermate (WT) rabbits by feeding a high-cholesterol diet containing 0.3% cholesterol and 3% soybean oil for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid, fatty acid and pathological analyses of atherosclerotic lesions were conducted. Fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle showed that n-3 PUFAs increased and n-6 PUFAs decreased in the Fat-1 group. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased in the Fat-1 group, and the atherosclerotic lesion area of the aortic arch in Fat-1 transgenic rabbits was significantly reduced. Histological analysis showed that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic lesions decreased significantly. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs improve atherosclerosis in Fat-1 transgenic rabbits, and this process may depend on the increase in plasma HDL-C and the decrease in the amount of SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Suping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinzhong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
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Zhang S, Hong F, Ma C, Yang S. Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Atherosclerosis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:590-600. [PMID: 34931971 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666211220110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. As the largest metabolic organ of the human body, liver has a key role in lipid metabolism by influencing fat production, fat decomposition, and the intake and secretion of serum lipoproteins. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have indicated that the dysfunction of hepatic lipid metabolism is closely tied to the onset of atherosclerosis. However, the identity and functional role of hepatic lipid metabolism responsible for these associations remain unknown. This review presented that cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol transport, and the metabolism of triglyceride, lipoproteins, and fatty acids are all associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Moreover, we also discussed the roles of gut microbiota, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in the pathological association between hepatic lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. These significant evidences support strongly that hepatic lipid metabolism disorders may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of APOC3 stabilizes plasma lipids and inhibits atherosclerosis in rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:180. [PMID: 34922545 PMCID: PMC8684289 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) can lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aim to create APOC3-knockout (KO) rabbits and explore the effects of APOC3 deletion on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Methods An sgRNA anchored to exon 2 of APOC3 was designed to edit embryo genomes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. Results When given a normal chow (NC) diet, all APOC3-KO rabbits had 50% lower triglyceride (TG) levels than those of the matched age control group. Additionally, their plasma lipoprotein lipase increased. When fed a high-fat diet, APOC3 deficiency was observed to be more conducive to the maintenance of plasma TG, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the inhibition of the inflammatory response and the protection against atherosclerosis in rabbits. Conclusion APOC3 deficiency can delay the formation of atherosclerosis-induced HFD in rabbits, indicating this is a novel therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7.
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Narapareddy L, Rhon-Calderon EA, Vrooman LA, Baeza J, Nguyen DK, Mesaros C, Lan Y, Garcia BA, Schultz RM, Bartolomei MS. Sex-specific effects of in vitro fertilization on adult metabolic outcomes and hepatic transcriptome and proteome in mouse. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21523. [PMID: 33734487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002744r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, there is increasing concern about the long-term and sex-specific health implications. Augmenting our IVF mouse model to longitudinally investigate metabolic outcomes in offspring from optimal neonatal litter sizes, we found sex-specific metabolic outcomes in IVF offspring. IVF-conceived females had higher body weight and cholesterol levels compared to naturally conceived females, whereas IVF-conceived males had higher levels of triglycerides and insulin, and increased body fat composition. Through adult liver transcriptomics and proteomics, we identified sexually dimorphic dysregulation of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathways that are associated with the sex-specific phenotypes. We also found that global loss of DNA methylation in placenta was linked to higher cholesterol levels in IVF-conceived females. Our findings indicate that IVF procedures have long-lasting sex-specific effects on metabolic health of offspring and lay the foundation to utilize the placenta as a predictor of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laren Narapareddy
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric A Rhon-Calderon
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Vrooman
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josue Baeza
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duy K Nguyen
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard M Schultz
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Sun D, Zong Y, Cheng J, Li Z, Xing L, Yu J. GINS2 attenuates the development of lung cancer by inhibiting the STAT signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:99-110. [PMID: 33391406 PMCID: PMC7738824 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) controls DNA replication. GINS2 expression is upregulated in several kinds of aggressive tumors. However, the effect of GINS2 in lung cancer remains unclear. We performed TCGA database analysis to confirm the clinical significance of GINS2 in lung cancer. After silencing GINS2 in A549 cells, we performed MTT assays, flow cytometry assays, colony formation assays, cell cycle analyses and RNA sequence analysis to elucidate the effect of GINS2 on lung cancer. Moreover, we assessed tumor growth and analyzed body fluorescence in mice as a measure of tumor burden. The TCGA database analysis demonstrated that GINS2 mRNA and protein was highly expressed in three kinds of lung cancer tissues. Subsequently, knockdown of GINS2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. On the other hand, we also investigated the effect of GINS2 on tumor formation in vivo. The analysis of nude mouse tumors showed that the tumor volume and weight of shGINS2 mice were significantly smaller than those of the control mice. To reveal the mechanism of GINS2 in lung cancer, we collected A549 cells with GINS2 knockdown to examine the downstream gene expression changes. The results showed that STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly upregulated after GINS2 knockdown in A549 cells. Our results suggest that GINS2 inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT signaling pathway, which may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianmin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinling Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 272173, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 272173, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 272173, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
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Zhang Y, Guan H, Fu Y, Wang X, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E. Effects of SFRP4 overexpression on the production of adipokines in transgenic mice. Adipocyte 2020; 9:374-383. [PMID: 32657640 PMCID: PMC7469599 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1792614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 4 is an extracellular antagonist of Wnt signalling that regulates adipogenesis, and is highly in the visceral adipose tissue of obese individuals. However, it is still unclear how exactly SFRP4 regulates the secretion of adipokines in the adipose tissue in vivo, an event that is closely related to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing SFRP4 in the liver and investigated SFRP4 role in adipokine secretion in mice on a regular normal diet. In Tg mice, SFRP4 protein was overexpressed in the liver, as compared to wild-type littermates (non-Tg), and released into the blood. Moreover, the size of adipocytes was smaller in the visceral adipose tissue of Tg mice compared to controls. Additionally, SFRP4 overexpression affected the expression of genes related to adipocyte differentiation, causing the upregulation of adiponectin and glucose transporter 4, and the downregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, there was no difference in body weight or body composition between Tg and non-Tg mice. In summary, our data showed that SFRP4 overexpression altered adipocyte size and adipokine secretion, possibly affecting adipocyte differentiation, obesity, and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Fan J, Chen Y, Yan H, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen YE, Liu E, Liang J. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits: Progress and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3512. [PMID: 30413026 PMCID: PMC6274909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are one of the most widely used animal models for the study of human lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis because they are more sensitive to a cholesterol diet than other experimental animals such as rodents. Currently, two hypercholesterolemic rabbit models are frequently used for atherosclerosis studies. One is a cholesterol-fed wild-type rabbit and the other is the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, which is genetically deficient in low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor function. Wild-type rabbits can be easily induced to develop severe hypercholesterolemia with a cholesterol-rich diet due to the marked increase in hepatically and intestinally derived remnant lipoproteins, called β-very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), which are rich in cholesteryl esters. WHHL rabbits are characterized by elevated plasma LDL levels on a standard chow diet, which resembles human familial hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, both rabbit models develop aortic and coronary atherosclerosis, but the elevated plasma cholesterol levels are caused by completely different mechanisms. In addition, cholesterol-fed rabbits but not WHHL rabbits exhibit different degrees of hepatosteatosis. Recently, we along with others have shown that there are many differentially expressed genes in the atherosclerotic lesions and livers of cholesterol-fed rabbits that are either significantly up- or down-regulated, compared with those in normal rabbits, including genes involved in the regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. Therefore, dietary cholesterol plays an important role not only in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis but also in hepatosteatosis. In this review, we make an overview of the recent progress in genomic and transcriptomic analyses of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. These transcriptomic profiling data should provide novel insight into the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis or hepatic dysfunction caused by dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Haizhao Yan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Baoning Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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