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Zulfiqar S, Ishfaq S, Raza Bukhari SA, Sajjad M, Akhtar M, Liu D, Rahman MU. New genetic resources for aphid resistance were identified from a newly developed wheat mutant library. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26529. [PMID: 38444497 PMCID: PMC10912258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports on development of resilient wheat mutants to aphid infestation-causing heavy losses to wheat production in many parts of the world, are scanty. The present study aimed to identify genetic diversity of wheat mutants in terms of varying degree of resistance to aphid infestation which can help protect wheat crop, improve yields and enhance food security. Resistance response to aphid infestation was studied on newly developed 33 wheat mutants, developed through irradiating seed of an elite wheat cultivar "Punjab-11" with gamma radiations, during three normal growing seasons at two sites. Data on various traits including aphid count per plant, biochemical traits, physiological traits and grain yield was recorded. Meteorological data was also collected to unravel the impact of environmental conditions on aphid infestation on wheat plants. Minimum average aphid infestation was found on Pb-M-2725, Pb-M-2550, and Pb-M-2719 as compared to the wild type. High yielding mutants Pb-M-1323, Pb-M-59, and Pb-M-1272 supported the moderate aphid infestation. The prevailing temperature up to 25 °C showed positive correlation (0.25) with aphid count. Among biochemical traits, POD (0.34), TSP (0.33), TFA (0.324) exhibited a high positive correlation with aphid count. In addition, CAT (0.31), TSS (0.294), and proline content (0.293) also showed a positive correlation with aphid count. However, all physiological traits depicted negative correlation with aphid count, while, a very weak correlation (0.12) was found between mean aphid count and grain yield. In PCA biplots, the biochemical variables clustered together with aphid count, while physiological variables grouped with grain yield. Biochemical parameters contributed most, towards first dimension of the PCA (48.6%) as compared to the physiological variables (13%). The FAMD revealed that mutant lines were major contributor towards total variation; Pb-M-1027, Pb-M-1323, Pb-M-59 were found to be the most diverse lines. The PCA revealed that biochemical parameters played a significant role in explaining variations in aphid resistance, emphasizing their importance in aphid defense mechanisms. The identified mutants can be utilized by the international wheat community for getting insight into the molecular circuits of resistant mechanism against aphids as well as for designing new KASP markers. This study also highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in the development of resilient wheat varieties and pave the way for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underpinning aphid resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zulfiqar
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shumila Ishfaq
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Mehboob-ur Rahman
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Martinez-Chavez LM, Roberts JM, Karley AJ, Shaw B, Pope TW. The clip cage conundrum: Assessing the interplay of confinement method and aphid genotype in fitness studies. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38227545 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Behavior and fitness are important ecological traits frequently measured in insect bioassays. A common method to measure them in soft-bodied herbivorous insects involves confining individuals to plant leaves using clip cages. Although studies have previously highlighted the negative effects of clip cages on leaf physiology, little is known about the impact that using this confinement method has on insect fitness. The responses of different aphid genotypes/clones to different containment methods have not previously been investigated. Here we measured key fitness traits (intrinsic rate of natural increase, mean relative growth rate, time to reach reproductive adulthood and population doubling time) in the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae), when confined to plants using two methods: (1) clip cages to confine aphids to individual strawberry leaves and (2) a mesh bag to confine aphids to whole strawberry plants. Our study identified a strong negative impact on all the measured aphid fitness traits when using clip cages instead of mesh bags. We also identified genotype-specific differences in response to confinement method, where clip cage confinement differentially affected the fitness of a given aphid genotype compared to the same genotype on whole plants. These results suggest that clip cage use should be carefully considered when experiments seek to quantify insect fitness and that whole plants should be used wherever possible. Given the prevalence of clip cage use in insect bioassays, our results highlight the need for caution when interpreting the existing literature as confinement method significantly impacts aphid fitness depending on their genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marcela Martinez-Chavez
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
| | - Joe M Roberts
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
| | - Alison J Karley
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Bethan Shaw
- Pest and Pathogen Ecology, NIAB, East Malling, Kent, UK
| | - Tom W Pope
- Centre for Crop and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
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Hu XS, Li JW, Peng JF, Wang H, Yan FY, Zhou ZF, Zhang ZF, Zhao HY, Feng Y, Liu TX. Effects of Crop Resistance on the Tritrophic Interactions between Wheat Lines, Schizaphis graminum (Hemitera: Aphididae), and Propylaea japonica (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2754. [PMID: 36297778 PMCID: PMC9611035 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop resistance and biological control are both considered efficient and environmentally friendly methods of sustainable pest control. In this study, we aimed at investigating the direct influence of four wheat lines with varying resistance level on the life-history traits of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, and the mediational effect on the functional response of a predatory ladybird, Propylaea japonica, under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the aphid fitness was the lowest for aphids that had been feeding on wheat line '98-10-19' for one year. These aphids had the longest development time, and least adult mass, minimal mean relative growth rate, and lowest reproductive fitness. In contrast, the aphids that fed on wheat line '98-10-30' were the fittest, with the shortest development time and highest levels of reproductive fitness. The predatory activities of the ladybeetle, especially the adult male significantly decreased following the consumption of aphids belonging to the '98-10-19'-acclimated population. However, there were no significant differences in predatory efficiency (net attack frequency) among the four aphid acclimated populations. Our results showed that the wheat line '98-10-19' has a relative higher resistance to S. graminum than the other three wheat lines, which could further decrease the amount of prey available for consumption. However, the ecological effect of the resistance of '98-10-19' to S. graminum posed no negative influence on the biocontrol potential of P. japonica to these aphids, as their predatory efficiency increases at the fourth instar larvae phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jing-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jing-Feng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fan-Ye Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zi-Fang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Management on the Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Enders L, Begcy K. Unconventional routes to developing insect-resistant crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1439-1453. [PMID: 34217871 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over widespread use of insecticides and heightened insect pest virulence under climate change continue to fuel the need for environmentally safe and sustainable control strategies. However, to develop such strategies, a better understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pest interactions is still needed. Despite decades of research investigating plant-insect interactions, few examples exist where underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized, and even rarer are cases where this knowledge has been successfully applied to manage harmful agricultural pests. Consequently, the field appears to be static, urgently needing shifts in approaches to identify novel mechanisms by which insects colonize plants and plants avoid insect pressure. In this perspective, we outline necessary steps for advancing holistic methodologies that capture complex plant-insect molecular interactions. We highlight novel and underexploited approaches in plant-insect interaction research as essential routes to translate knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms into durable pest control strategies, including embracing microbial partnerships, identifying what makes a plant an unsuitable host, capitalizing on tolerance of insect damage, and learning from cases where crop domestication and agronomic practices enhance pest virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laramy Enders
- Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Kevin Begcy
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Hu XS, Luo C, Li GK, Zhang ZF, Wang CP, Hu ZQ, Zhao HY, Liu TX. Multi-generational Effects of Different Resistant Wheat Varieties on Fitness of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6398550. [PMID: 34655291 PMCID: PMC8520143 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop resistance plays a role in preventing aphid damage, benefiting food production industries, but its effects are limited due to aphid adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, furthering understanding of aphid-crop interactions will improve our ability to protect crops from aphids. To determine how aphids adapt to resistant varieties of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. over time, we performed a laboratory experiment to assess the multi-generational effects of three wheat varieties, Batis, Ww2730, and Xiaoyan22, with different resistance levels on the fitness of Sitobion avenae (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The results showed that Ww2730 and Xiaoyan22 were more resistant than Batis to S. avenae, regardless of whether the aphids were newly introduced or had been acclimated before being introduced to the three wheat varieties. However, the effect of resistance on aphid life-history traits was time dependent. Aphid weigh gain increased and they development faster of the acclimated generation compared to the newly introduced generation on all three varieties. And the fecundity on the three varieties and net reproduction rates on Batis and Xiaoyan22 significantly decreased. Aphid fitness in terms of individual life-history parameters improved, whereas aphid fitness in terms of reproductive decreased, and a convergence effect, the difference gaps and standard errors of all life-history traits among the three acclimated populations had narrowed and were less than those in the three first-generation populations, was observed during the 3-mo experimental period. We suggested that S. avenae could rapidly respond to wheat resistance through life-history plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Plant protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Chen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guang-Kuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Plant protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chun-Ping Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Zu-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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