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Miller DM, Abels K, Guo J, Williams KS, Liu MJ, Tarpeh WA. Electrochemical Wastewater Refining: A Vision for Circular Chemical Manufacturing. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19422-19439. [PMID: 37642501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is an underleveraged resource; it contains pollutants that can be transformed into valuable high-purity products. Innovations in chemistry and chemical engineering will play critical roles in valorizing wastewater to remediate environmental pollution, provide equitable access to chemical resources and services, and secure critical materials from diminishing feedstock availability. This perspective envisions electrochemical wastewater refining─the use of electrochemical processes to tune and recover specific products from wastewaters─as the necessary framework to accelerate wastewater-based electrochemistry to widespread practice. We define and prescribe a use-informed approach that simultaneously serves specific wastewater-pollutant-product triads and uncovers a mechanistic understanding generalizable to broad use cases. We use this approach to evaluate research needs in specific case studies of electrocatalysis, stoichiometric electrochemical conversions, and electrochemical separations. Finally, we provide rationale and guidance for intentionally expanding the electrochemical wastewater refining product portfolio. Wastewater refining will require a coordinated effort from multiple expertise areas to meet the urgent need of extracting maximal value from complex, variable, diverse, and abundant wastewater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kristen Abels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jinyu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kindle S Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew J Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Pounsamy M, Karmegam PM, Ganesan S. Combined application of microbes immobilized carbon reactor and the reactive struvite system for the management of tannery deliming wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47699-47711. [PMID: 36745345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This present study investigated the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) from tannery deliming wastewater (TDLWW) through microbes immobilized carbon consisted a bioreactor (MICCR) and reactive struvite crystallization process. Initially, 90% of the organic content of TDLWW was removed using a MICCR reactor at 24 h retention time. Nanoporous carbon (NPC) was used as the carrier matrix for the MICCR reactor. SEM and AFM images of NPC used in the MICCR reactor identify different microorganisms on its surface. The microbial profile of NPC used in the MICCR was analyzed, and the relative abundance is phyla Firmicutes, 25.64%; Proteobacteria, 43.68%; Bacteroidetes, 6.58%; Cyanobacteria, 2.22%; Actinobacteria, 2.34% reason for organic removal. The removal of organics follows the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics with the rate constant of 1.75 × 10-3 L COD-1 h-1. For the reactive struvite crystallization, MgO and Na2HPO4.2H2O were taken as the precipitating agents. The optimum molar ratio for the maximum conversion of NH4+-N into struvite was obtained as 1:1.4:1.4 (NH4+-N:MgO:Na2HPO4.2H2O). The volume of struvite precipitate was 48.5 mL/L of TDLWW, and the dry weight was 8.89 g/L. More than 93% of NH4+-N was converted as the struvite fertilizer. The conversion of NH4+-N into struvite follows the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics with the rate constant of 1.67 × 10-2 min-1. Despite the conversion of NH4+-N into struvite, COD removal was observed, which confirms the conversion of organic nitrogen into struvite. The struvite was evaluated using SEM, XRD, TGA, DSC, and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Hence, the integrated MICCR and the reactive struvite crystallization process can be applied to manage tannery deliming wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharaja Pounsamy
- Environmental Engineering Department, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Patchai Murugan Karmegam
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Ganesan
- SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus, Deemed University, Chennai-600089, Tamil Nadu, India
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Recovery of Nutrients from Residual Streams Using Ion-Exchange Membranes: Current State, Bottlenecks, Fundamentals and Innovations. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050497. [PMID: 35629823 PMCID: PMC9145069 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the place of membrane methods in solving the problem of the recovery and re-use of biogenic elements (nutrients), primarily trivalent nitrogen NIII and pentavalent phosphorus PV, to provide the sustainable development of mankind. Methods for the recovery of NH4+ − NH3 and phosphates from natural sources and waste products of humans and animals, as well as industrial streams, are classified. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities of using membrane processes for the transition to a circular economy in the field of nutrients. The possibilities of different methods, already developed or under development, are evaluated, primarily those that use ion-exchange membranes. Electromembrane methods take a special place including capacitive deionization and electrodialysis applied for recovery, separation, concentration, and reagent-free pH shift of solutions. This review is distinguished by the fact that it summarizes not only the successes, but also the “bottlenecks” of ion-exchange membrane-based processes. Modern views on the mechanisms of NH4+ − NH3 and phosphate transport in ion-exchange membranes in the presence and in the absence of an electric field are discussed. The innovations to enhance the performance of electromembrane separation processes for phosphate and ammonium recovery are considered.
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Coşgun S, Kara B, Kunt B, Hür C, Semerci N. Biological recovery of phosphorus from waste activated sludge via alkaline fermentation and struvite biomineralization by Brevibacterium antiquum. Biodegradation 2022; 33:195-206. [PMID: 35142960 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Struvite biomineralization is a promising method for phosphorus recovery from wastewater treatment plant streams, and the growth of responsible microorganisms in mixed cultures is one of the most critical points for applying this process in pilot and full-scale. This study aimed to investigate the growth and bio-struvite production of Brevibacterium antiquum in mixed sludge culture. Alkaline fermentation was applied at different pH conditions to enhance the phosphorus content of sludge for an efficient recovery, and pH 8 was determined as the most feasible considering the phosphorus release and sludge characteristics. Growth optimization studies showed that NaCl's presence decreases the growth rate of Brevibacterium antiquum and bio-struvite production. At the same time, pH in the range of 6.8-8.2 did not alter the growth significantly. In addition, studies showed the ability of Brevibacterium antiquum in unsterilized fermented sludge centrate to grow and recover the phosphorus as struvite. Thus, our results indicated the potential of struvite biomineralization in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Coşgun
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Kuyubaşı, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Büşra Kara
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Kuyubaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Kunt
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Kuyubaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Hür
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Kuyubaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Semerci
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Kuyubaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
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Orner KD, Smith SJ, Breunig HM, Scown CD, Nelson KL. Fertilizer demand and potential supply through nutrient recovery from organic waste digestate in California. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117717. [PMID: 34634641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diversion of organic waste from landfills offers an opportunity to recover valuable nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are typically discarded. Although prior research has explored the potential for buildout of anaerobic digestion (AD) infrastructure to treat organic waste and generate energy, a better understanding is needed of the nutrient recovery potential from the solid and liquid byproducts (digestate) resulting from AD of these waste streams. We quantified the system-wide mass of nutrients that can potentially be recovered in California by integrating current and potential future AD facilities with existing nutrient recovery technologies. Based on a profitable build-out scenario for AD, the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery by mass was greatest from municipal sewage sludge. The nutrient recovery (% total mass) was determined for three different end products for the combined organic waste streams: liquid fertilizer [38% of the total recovered nitrogen (TN)], struvite [50% TN, 66% total phosphorous (TP)], and compost (12% TN, 34% TP). Based on the profitable build-out scenario of AD facilities in California, the recovered nutrients would offset an estimated 11% of TN and 29% of TP of in-state synthetic fertilizer demand, whereas a scenario in which all technically recoverable biomass is collected and treated could offset 44% of TN and 97% of TP demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Orner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
| | - Sarah J Smith
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Hanna M Breunig
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kara L Nelson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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Simoes F, Colston R, Rosa-Fernandes C, Vale P, Stephenson T, Soares A. Predicting the potential of sludge dewatering liquors to recover nutrients as struvite biominerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 3:100052. [PMID: 36159601 PMCID: PMC9488103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nutrient recovery from wastewater as mineral salts can support local replenishment of fertilisers and reduce mining, contributing to the circular economy. Wastewater and related streams are rich in nutrients, however; there is need to develop bio-based processes to recover them. This study investigates the fractions of phosphorus (P) used by Brevibacterium antiquum to form struvite biominerals (bio-struvite) in wastewater sludge dewatering liquors. After 72h of incubation, 25.6 mg P/L were recovered as bio-struvite from 12.4 mg P/L organic plus condensed P and 13.2 mg P/L of ortho-phosphate. The potential of sludge dewatering liquors to recover nutrients as struvite was investigated by characterising ten types of sludge liquors (originating from primary, secondary sludge, feed to anaerobic digester and digestate, from 3 types of wastewater treatment plants) for their P fractions together with other parameters relevant for B. antiquum growth. Results indicated that liquors obtained from primary sludge, feed to anaerobic digesters and digestate were the most suitable to produce bio-struvite, as these were found to frequently have a high content of organic and condensed P, between to 276-732 mg P/L. Liquors, from all the investigated sites, presented a higher potential for bio-struvite production than with conventional struvite precipitation. This study demonstrated that B. antiquum could convert organic and condensed P into bio-struvite, and this opens up a completely new way to recover forms of phosphorus that are not typically available for nutrient recovery in a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Simoes
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Robert Colston
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | | | - Peter Vale
- Technology and Development, Severn Trent Water Ltd, Avon House, St. Martins Road, Coventry, CV3 6PR, UK
| | - Tom Stephenson
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ana Soares
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
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He C, Chen Y, Liu C, Jiang Y, Yin R, Qiu T. The role of reagent adding sequence in the NH 4+-N recovery by MAP method. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7672. [PMID: 32376917 PMCID: PMC7203295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) recovery from high concentration of NH4+-N-containing wastewater by struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O, MAP) precipitation method has been realized, but whether NH4+-N recovery under different reagent adding sequence of NaOH, solid Mg salt and P salt can generate different effects, remains ambiguous. In view of the problem, four modes to add reagents were investigated in detail on the formation of struvite. The results show that the Mode IV (M-IV, i.e. using 50% NH4+-N wastewater to dissolve completely the Mg salt and the P salt, respectively and then simultaneously poured into a beaker to mix the solution evenly and adjust the pH to 9.5.) has the highest NH4+-N recovery efficiency (90.80%) and the maximum mass of precipitates (896 mg) because of the more amount of alkali and initial seed formation. From the morphology of the obtained precipitates, it can be seen that sample M-IV is more loose and porous than the others. XRD patterns show that the four products under the different modes basically agree with the standard MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqing He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Yunnen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Tingsheng Qiu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
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Mukherjee C, Chowdhury R, Begam MM, Ganguli S, Basak R, Chaudhuri B, Ray K. Effect of Varying Nitrate Concentrations on Denitrifying Phosphorus Uptake by DPAOs With a Molecular Insight Into Pho Regulon Gene Expression. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2586. [PMID: 31787959 PMCID: PMC6856094 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Pho regulon is a key regulator component in biological phosphorus-uptake. Poly-phosphate accumulating bacteria used in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system encounter negative regulation of the Pho regulon, resulting in reduced phosphorus-uptake from phosphorus-replete waste effluents. This study demonstrates possible trends of overcoming the PhoU negative regulation, resulting in excessive PO4 3--P uptake at varying concentrations of NO3 --N through denitrifying phosphorus removal process. We investigated the Pho regulon gene expression pattern and kinetic studies of P-removal by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) which are able to remove both PO4 3--P and NO3 --N in single anoxic stage with the utilization of external carbon sources, without the use of stored polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and without any anaerobic-aerobic or anaerobic-anoxic switches. Our study establishes that a minimum addition of 100 ppm NO3 --N leads to the withdrawal of the negative regulation of Pho regulon and results in ∼100% P-removal with concomitant escalated poly-phosphate accumulation by our established DPAO isolates and their artificially made consortium, isolated from sludge sample of PO4 3- -rich parboiled rice mill effluent, in a settling tank within 12 h of treatment. The same results were obtained when a phosphate rich effluent (stillage from distillery) mixed with a nitrate rich effluent (from explosive industry) was treated together in a single phase anoxic batch reactor, eliminating the need for alternating anaerobic/aerobic or anaerobic/anoxic switches for removing both the pollutants simultaneously. The highest poly-phosphate accumulation was observed to be more than 17% of cell dry weight. Our studies unequivocally establish that nitrate induction of Pho regulon is parallely associated with the repression of PhoU gene transcription, which is the negative regulator of Pho regulon. Based on earlier observations where similar nitrate mediated transcriptional repression was cited, we hypothesize the possible involvement of NarL/NarP transcriptional regulator proteins in PhoU repression. At present, we propose this denitrifying phosphorus removal endeavor as an innovative methodology to overcome the negative regulation of Pho regulon for accelerated unhindered phosphorus remediation from phosphate rich wastewater in India and the developing world where the stringency of EBPR and other reactors prevent their use due to financial reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mukherjee
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajojit Chowdhury
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mst. Momtaj Begam
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayak Ganguli
- Theoretical and Computational Biology Division, AIIST and The Biome, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritabrata Basak
- Department of Biochemistry, Ballygunge Science College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Krishna Ray
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, India
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Kumari S, Jose S, Jagadevan S. Optimization of phosphate recovery as struvite from synthetic distillery wastewater using a chemical equilibrium model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30452-30462. [PMID: 31444717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of recovery of phosphorus via struvite precipitation from a synthetic anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by optimizing the process using a chemical equilibrium model, namely Visual MINTEQ. Process parameters such as Mg2+, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] ion concentrations and pH were used as inputs into the model. Increasing the molar ratio of [Formula: see text] from 0.8:1 to 1.6:1 at pH 9 led to an increase in phosphate recovery from 88.2 to 99.5%. The model and experimental results were in good agreement in terms of phosphate recovery, indicating that the Visual MINTEQ model can be used to pre-determine the process parameters for struvite synthesis. Increasing the concentration of calcium ion adversely affected the synthesis and purity of struvite, whereas the presence of melanoidins had no significant impact. This study demonstrates that phosphorus recovery through struvite precipitation is a sustainable approach to reclaim phosphorus from high-strength industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sanoj Jose
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Campos JL, Crutchik D, Franchi Ó, Pavissich JP, Belmonte M, Pedrouso A, Mosquera-Corral A, Val del Río Á. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery From Anaerobically Pretreated Agro-Food Wastes: A Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Ma H, Guo Y, Qin Y, Li YY. Nutrient recovery technologies integrated with energy recovery by waste biomass anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:520-531. [PMID: 30181020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion widely considered as a promising waste biomass disposal treatment approach, is attracting increasing interest in all corners of the globe. However, due to the specific features of different types of waste biomass, the bioenergy conversion efficiency of this process is not ideal. Another problematic aspect of anaerobic digestion is that the nutrient rich effluent sometimes needs to be treated before discharge. This review presents the recent achievements of waste biomass digestion from the perspective of energy recovery and nutrient recovery. In this work, the anaerobic treatment characteristics of common types of waste biomass are summarized and compared. With a focus of nutrient recovery and post treatment issues, the challenges and technical hurdles encountered in the anaerobic digestion of waste biomass are critically reviewed. Finally, an integrated system of anaerobic digestion, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and phosphorus recovery is proposed for efficient energy and nutrient recovery from waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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