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Lee YJ, Pan Y, Lim D, Park SH, Sin SI, Kwack K, Park KY. Broccoli Cultivated with Deep Sea Water Mineral Fertilizer Enhances Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer in C57BL/6N Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1650. [PMID: 38338927 PMCID: PMC10855752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the alleviating effect of broccoli grown with deep sea water mineral (DSWM) fertilizer extracted from deep sea water on the development of colorectal cancer in C57BL/6N mice treated with AOM/DSS. Naturaldream Fertilizer Broccoli (NFB) cultured with deep sea water minerals (DSWM) showed a higher antioxidant effect and mineral content. In addition, orally administered NFB, showed a level of recovery in the colon and spleen tissues of mice compared with those in normal mice through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Orally administered NFB showed the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokine factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-12 while increasing the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB in the liver tissue was inhibited, and that of inflammatory enzymes, such as COX-2 and iNOS, was reduced. In the colon tissue, the expression of p53 and p21 associated with cell cycle arrest increased, and that of Bcl-2 associated with apoptosis decreased. Additionally, the expression of Bax, Bad, Bim, Bak, caspase 9, and caspase 3 increased, indicating enhanced activation of apoptosis-related factors. These results demonstrate that oral administration of broccoli cultivated using DSWM significantly restores spleen and colon tissues and simultaneously inhibits the NF-κB pathway while significantly decreasing cytokine expression. Moreover, by inducing cell cycle arrest and activating cell apoptosis, they also suggest alleviating AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer symptoms in C57BL/6N mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Yanni Pan
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Daewoo Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye-gun 57607, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Il Sin
- Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye-gun 57607, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Han R, Yang H, Ling C, Lu L. Tiliroside suppresses triple-negative breast cancer as a multifunctional CAXII inhibitor. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:368. [PMID: 36424626 PMCID: PMC9685933 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by poor prognosis, early recurrence, and the lack of durable chemotherapy responses and specific targeted treatments. In this preclinical study, we examines Tiliroside (TS, C30H26O13), as one of the major compounds of Tribulus terrestris L. which has been used as an alternative therapy in clinic practice of breast cancer treatment, for its therapeutic use in TNBC. The association between CAXII expression level and survival probability of TNBC patients, and the difference of CAXII expression level between TNBC and normal samples were evaluated by using publicly accessible databases. To determine the anticancer efficacy of TS on TNBC cells, cell proliferation, wound healing, cell invasion, and 3D spheroid formation assays were performed and excellent anticancer activities of TS were displayed. Mouse models further demonstrated that TS significantly reduced the tumor burden and improved survival rate. The properties of TS as a novel CAXII inhibitor have also been evaluated by CAXII activity assay, pHi, pHe and lactate level assay. Further RT-PCR and Caspase-3 activity analyses also revealed the positive regulating effects of TS on E2F1,3/Caspase-3 axis in TNBC cells cultured in 2D or 3D systems. The findings indicate that TS suppresses TNBC progression as a potential novel CAXII inhibitor in preclinical experiments, which warrants further investigation on its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China ,grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Hongxing Yang
- grid.412595.eDepartment of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Changquan Ling
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China ,grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510 USA ,School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Data Science, 200 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, 06520-8034 New Haven, CT USA
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Dudal S, Bissantz C, Caruso A, David-Pierson P, Driessen W, Koller E, Krippendorff BF, Lechmann M, Olivares-Morales A, Paehler A, Rynn C, Türck D, Van De Vyver A, Wang K, Winther L. Translating pharmacology models effectively to predict therapeutic benefit. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1604-1621. [PMID: 35304340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many in vitro and in vivo models are used in pharmacological research to evaluate the role of targeted proteins in a disease. Understanding the translational relevance and limitation of these models for analyzing the disposition, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile, mechanism, and efficacy of a drug, is essential when selecting the most appropriate model of the disease of interest and predicting clinically efficacious doses of the investigational drug. Here, we review selected animal models used in ophthalmology, infectious diseases, oncology, autoimmune diseases, and neuroscience. Each area has specific challenges around translatability and determination of an efficacious dose: new patient-specific dosing methods could help overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Wang
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Systematic Comparison of Beetle Luciferase-Luciferin Pairs as Sources of Near-Infrared Light for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052451. [PMID: 35269601 PMCID: PMC8910387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Luciferases catalyze light-emitting reactions that produce a rainbow of colors from their substrates (luciferins), molecular oxygen, and often additional cofactors. These bioluminescence (BL) systems have afforded an incredible variety of basic research and medical applications. Driven by the importance of BL-based non-invasive animal imaging (BLI) applications, especially in support of cancer research, new BL systems have been developed by engineering beetle luciferase (Luc) variants and synthetic substrate combinations to produce red to near-infrared (nIR) light to improve imaging sensitivity and resolution. To stimulate the application of BLI research and advance the development of improved reagents for BLI, we undertook a systematic comparison of the spectroscopic and BL properties of seven beetle Lucs with LH2 and nine substrates, which included two new quinoline ring-containing analogs. The results of these experiments with purified Luc enzymes in vitro and in live HEK293T cells transfected with luc genes have enabled us to identify Luc/analog combinations with improved properties compared to those previously reported and to provide live cell BL data that may be relevant to in vivo imaging applications. Additionally, we found strong candidate enzyme/substrate pairs for in vitro biomarker applications requiring nIR sources with minimal visible light components. Notably, one of our new substrates paired with a previously developed Luc variant was demonstrated to be an excellent in vitro source of nIR and a potentially useful BL system for improved resolution in BLI.
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Quantitative analysis of metastatic breast cancer in mice using deep learning on cryo-image data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17527. [PMID: 34471169 PMCID: PMC8410829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-imaging sections and images a whole mouse and provides ~ 120-GBytes of microscopic 3D color anatomy and fluorescence images, making fully manual analysis of metastases an onerous task. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based metastases segmentation algorithm included three steps: candidate segmentation, candidate classification, and semi-automatic correction of the classification result. The candidate segmentation generated > 5000 candidates in each of the breast cancer-bearing mice. Random forest classifier with multi-scale CNN features and hand-crafted intensity and morphology features achieved 0.8645 ± 0.0858, 0.9738 ± 0.0074, and 0.9709 ± 0.0182 sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), with fourfold cross validation. Classification results guided manual correction by an expert with our in-house MATLAB software. Finally, 225, 148, 165, and 344 metastases were identified in the four cancer mice. With CNN-based segmentation, the human intervention time was reduced from > 12 to ~ 2 h. We demonstrated that 4T1 breast cancer metastases spread to the lung, liver, bone, and brain. Assessing the size and distribution of metastases proves the usefulness and robustness of cryo-imaging and our software for evaluating new cancer imaging and therapeutics technologies. Application of the method with only minor modification to a pancreatic metastatic cancer model demonstrated generalizability to other tumor models.
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Modular cell-assembled adipose matrix-derived bead foams as a mesenchymal stromal cell delivery platform for soft tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120978. [PMID: 34182328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of establishing a new clinically-relevant bioscaffold format to enable the delivery of high densities of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) for applications in soft tissue regeneration, a novel "cell-assembly" method was developed to generate robust 3-D scaffolds comprised of fused networks of decellularized adipose tissue (DAT)-derived beads. In vitro studies confirmed that the assembly process was mediated by remodelling of the extracellular matrix by the seeded ASCs, which were well distributed throughout the scaffolds and remained highly viable after 8 days in culture. The ASC density, sulphated glycosaminoglycan content and scaffold stability were enhanced under culture conditions that included growth factor preconditioning. In vivo testing was performed to compare ASCs delivered within the cell-assembled DAT bead foams to an equivalent number of ASCs delivered on a previously-established pre-assembled DAT bead foam platform in a subcutaneous implant model in athymic nude mice. Scaffolds were fabricated with human ASCs engineered to stably co-express firefly luciferase and tdTomato to enable long-term cell tracking. Longitudinal bioluminescence imaging showed a significantly stronger signal associated with viable human ASCs at timepoints up to 7 days in the cell-assembled scaffolds, although both implant groups were found to retain similar densities of human ASCs at 28 days. Notably, the infiltration of CD31+ murine endothelial cells was enhanced in the cell-assembled implants at 28 days. Moreover, microcomputed tomography angiography revealed that there was a marked reduction in vascular permeability in the cell-assembled group, indicating that the developing vascular network was more stable in the new scaffold format. Overall, the novel cell-assembled DAT bead foams represent a promising platform to harness the pro-regenerative paracrine functionality of human ASCs and warrant further investigation as a clinically-translational approach for volume augmentation.
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da Costa TSR, Urias U, Negrao MV, Jordão CP, Passos CS, Gomes‐Santos IL, Salemi VMC, Camargo AA, Brum PC, Oliveira EM, Hajjar LA, Chammas R, Filho RK, Negrao CE. Breast Cancer Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction Through Deregulation of Cardiomyocyte Ca 2+-Handling Protein Expression That is Not Reversed by Exercise Training. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018076. [PMID: 33619982 PMCID: PMC8174298 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients treated for breast cancer have a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. In this study, we evaluated the impact of breast cancer on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte Ca2+-handling protein expression. We also investigated whether exercise training (ET) would prevent these potential alterations. Methods and Results Transgenic mice with spontaneous breast cancer (mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen [MMTV-PyMT+], n=15) and littermate mice with no cancer (MMTV-PyMT-, n=14) were studied. For the ET analysis, MMTV-PyMT+ were divided into sedentary (n=10) and exercise-trained (n=12) groups. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography with speckle-tracking imaging. Exercise tolerance test was conducted on a treadmill. Both studies were performed when the tumor became palpable and when it reached 1 cm3. After euthanasia, Ca2+-handling protein expression (Western blot) was evaluated. Exercise capacity was reduced in MMTV-PyMT+ compared with MMTV-PyMT- (Pinteraction=0.031). Longitudinal strain (Pgroup <0.001) and strain rate (Pgroup=0.030) were impaired. Cardiomyocyte phospholamban was increased (P=0.011), whereas phospho-phospholamban and sodium/calcium exchanger were decreased (P=0.038 and P=0.017, respectively) in MMTV-PyMT+. No significant difference in sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium 2 ATPase (SERCA2a) was found. SERCA2a/phospholamban ratio was reduced (P=0.007). ET was not associated with increased exercise capacity. ET decreased left ventricular end-systolic diameter (Pgroup=0.038) and end-diastolic volume (Pgroup=0.026). Other morphological and functional cardiac parameters were not improved by ET in MMTV-PyMT+. ET did not improve cardiomyocyte Ca2+-handling protein expression. Conclusions Breast cancer is associated with decreased exercise capacity and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in MMTV-PyMT+, which is at least partly associated with dysregulation of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling. ET did not prevent or reverse these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia S. R. da Costa
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Ursula Urias
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Marcelo V. Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Camila P. Jordão
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Clévia S. Passos
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Igor L. Gomes‐Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor BiologyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Vera Maria C. Salemi
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | | | - Ludhmila A. Hajjar
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Roberto K. Filho
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Carlos E. Negrao
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
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Kelly JJ, Saee-Marand M, Nyström NN, Evans MM, Chen Y, Martinez FM, Hamilton AM, Ronald JA. Safe harbor-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 homology-independent targeted integration for multimodality reporter gene-based cell tracking. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc3791. [PMID: 33523917 PMCID: PMC7817109 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging reporter genes provides longitudinal information on the biodistribution, growth, and survival of engineered cells in vivo. A translational bottleneck to using reporter genes is the necessity to engineer cells with randomly integrating vectors. Here, we built homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) CRISPR-Cas9 minicircle donors for precise safe harbor-targeted knock-in of fluorescence, bioluminescence, and MRI (Oatp1a1) reporter genes. Our results showed greater knock-in efficiency using HITI vectors compared to homology-directed repair vectors. HITI clones demonstrated functional fluorescence and bioluminescence reporter activity as well as significant Oatp1a1-mediated uptake of the clinically approved MRI agent gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Contrast-enhanced MRI improved the conspicuity of both subcutaneous and metastatic Oatp1a1-expressing tumors before they became palpable or even readily visible on precontrast images. Our work demonstrates the first CRISPR-Cas9 HITI system for knock-in of large DNA donor constructs at a safe harbor locus, enabling multimodal longitudinal in vivo imaging of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moe Saee-Marand
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nivin N Nyström
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa M Evans
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco M Martinez
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hamilton
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Korkmaz U, Ustun F. Experimental Breast Cancer Models: Preclinical Imaging Perspective. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 14:5-14. [PMID: 32384044 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200508080250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women. 13% of breast cancer patients are at a distant stage and mortality is due to metastases rather than primary disease. The unique genetic structure and natural process of breast cancer make it a very suitable area for targeted therapies. Experimental tumor models are validated methods to examine the pathogenesis of cancer, the onset of the neoplastic process and progression. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the current literature on experimental breast cancer models and to bring a new perspective to the use of these models in teranostic preclinical studies in terms of the imaging. METHODS Search for relevant literature from academic databases using keywords (Breast cancer, theranostic, preclinical imaging, tumor models, animal study, and tailored therapy) was conducted. The full text of the articles was reached and reviewed. Current scientific data has been reevaluated and compiled according to subtitles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The development of animal models for breast cancer research has been done in the last century. Imaging methods used in breast cancer are used for tumor localization, quantification of tumor mass, imaging of genes and proteins, evaluation of tumor microenvironment, evaluation of tumor cell proliferation and metabolism and treatment response evaluation. Since human breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases in terms of genetics and phenotype; it is not possible for a single model to adequately address all aspects of breast cancer biology. Considering that each model has advantages and disadvantages, the most suitable model should be chosen to verify the thesis of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulku Korkmaz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Funda Ustun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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