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Zhang Q, Wu D, Fu Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang B. Molecular-Potential and Redox Coregulated Cathodic Electrosynthesis toward Ionic Azulene-Based Thin Films for Organic Memristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22217-22228. [PMID: 38639367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic memristors as promising electronic units are attracting significant attention owing to their simplicity of molecular structure design. However, fabricating high-quality organic films via novel synthetic technologies and exploring unprecedented chemical structures to achieve excellent memory performance in organic memristor devices are highly challenging. In this work, we report a cathodic electropolymerization to synthesize an ionic azulene-based memristive film (PPMAz-Py+Br-) under the molecular-potential and redox coregulation. During the cathodic electropolymerization process, electropositive pyridinium salts migrate to the cathode under an electric field, undergo a reduction-coupling deprotonation reaction, and polymerize into a uniform film with a controllable thickness on the electrode surface. The prepared Al/PPMAz-Py+Br-/ITO devices not only exhibit a high ON/OFF ratio of 1.8 × 103, high stability, long memory retention, and endurance under a wide range of voltage scans, but also achieve excellent multilevel storage and history-dependent memristive performance. In addition, the devices can mimic important biosynaptic functions, such as learning/forgetting function, synaptic enhancement/inhibition, paired-pulse facilitation/depression, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity. The tunable memristive performances are attributed to the capture of free electrons on pyridinium cations, the migration of the aluminum ions (Al3+), and the form of Al conductive filaments under voltage scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongchuang Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Jinyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Hamadani BH. 2.11 - Accurate characterization of indoor photovoltaic performance. JPHYS MATERIALS 2023; 6:10.1088/2515-7639/acc550. [PMID: 37965623 PMCID: PMC10644663 DOI: 10.1088/2515-7639/acc550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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Zhou J, Li W, Chen Y, Lin YH, Yi M, Li J, Qian Y, Guo Y, Cao K, Xie L, Ling H, Ren Z, Xu J, Zhu J, Yan S, Huang W. A Monochloro Copper Phthalocyanine Memristor with High-Temperature Resilience for Electronic Synapse Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006201. [PMID: 33354801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Memristors are considered to be one of the most promising device concepts for neuromorphic computing, in particular thanks to their highly tunable resistive states. To realize neuromorphic computing architectures, the assembly of large memristive crossbar arrays is necessary, but is often accompanied by severe heat dispassion. Organic materials can be tailored with on-demand electronic properties in the context of neuromorphic applications. However, such materials are more susceptible to heat, and detrimental effects such as thermally induced degradation directly lead to failure of device operation. Here, an organic memristive synapse formed of monochloro copper phthalocyanine, which remains operational and capable of memristive switching at temperatures as high as 300 °C in ambient air without any encapsulation, is demonstrated. The change in the electrical conductance is found to be a result of ion movement, closely resembling what takes place in biological neurons. Furthermore, the high viability of this approach is showcased by demonstrating flexible memristors with stable switching behaviors after repeated mechanical bending as well as organic synapses capable of emulating a trainable and reconfigurable memristor array for image information processing. The results set a precedent for thermally resilient organic synapses to impact organic neuromorphic devices in progressing their practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Mingdong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yangzhou Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Keyang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haifeng Ling
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Lenz J, Del Giudice F, Geisenhof FR, Winterer F, Weitz RT. Vertical, electrolyte-gated organic transistors show continuous operation in the MA cm -2 regime and artificial synaptic behaviour. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:579-585. [PMID: 30886379 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Until now, organic semiconductors have failed to achieve high performance in highly integrated, sub-100 nm transistors. Consequently, single-crystalline materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, MoS2 or inorganic semiconductors are the materials of choice at the nanoscale. Here we show, using a vertical field-effect transistor design with a channel length of only 40 nm and a footprint of 2 × 80 × 80 nm2, that high electrical performance with organic polymers can be realized when using electrolyte gating. Our organic transistors combine high on-state current densities of above 3 MA cm-2, on/off current modulation ratios of up to 108 and large transconductances of up to 5,000 S m-1. Given the high on-state currents at such large on/off ratios, our novel structures also show promise for use in artificial neural networks, where they could operate as memristive devices with sub-100 fJ energy usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lenz
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Del Giudice
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Walter-Schottky Institute, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian R Geisenhof
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Winterer
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- Physics of Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany.
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Dollinger F, Lim KG, Li Y, Guo E, Formánek P, Hübner R, Fischer A, Kleemann H, Leo K. Vertical Organic Thin-Film Transistors with an Anodized Permeable Base for Very Low Leakage Current. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900917. [PMID: 30920705 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The organic permeable base transistor (OPBT) is currently the fastest organic transistor with a transition frequency of 40 MHz. It relies on a thin aluminum base electrode to control the transistor current. This electrode is surrounded by a native oxide layer for passivation, currently created by oxidation in air. However, this process is not reliable and leads to large performance variations between samples, slow production, and relatively high leakage currents. Here, for the first time it is demonstrated that electrochemical anodization can be conveniently employed for the fabrication of high-performance OPBTs with vastly reduced leakage currents and more controlled process parameters. Very large transmission factors of 99.9996% are achieved, while excellent on/off ratios of 5 × 105 and high on-currents greater than 300 mA cm-2 show that the C60 semiconductor layer can withstand the electrochemical anodization. These results make anodization an intriguing option for innovative organic transistor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dollinger
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kyung-Geun Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Li
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erjuan Guo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Formánek
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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