1
|
Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Yi M, Zhu L, Peng W. The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38254235 PMCID: PMC10804662 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of a single organ. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying the role of ageing in disease development can facilitate the treatment of ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs of brain ageing have been observed in both AD patients and animal models. Alleviating the pathological changes caused by brain ageing can dramatically ameliorate the amyloid beta- and tau-induced neuropathological and memory impairments, indicating that ageing plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of several age-related factors on AD and propose that preventing pathological changes caused by brain ageing is a promising strategy for improving cognitive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Huai J. Role of primary aging hallmarks in Alzheimer´s disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:197-230. [PMID: 36593969 PMCID: PMC9800733 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which severely threatens the health of the elderly and causes significant economic and social burdens. The causes of AD are complex and include heritable but mostly aging-related factors. The primary aging hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere wear, epigenetic changes, and loss of protein stability, which play a dominant role in the aging process. Although AD is closely associated with the aging process, the underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis have not been well characterized. This review summarizes the available literature about primary aging hallmarks and their roles in AD pathogenesis. By analyzing published literature, we attempted to uncover the possible mechanisms of aberrant epigenetic markers with related enzymes, transcription factors, and loss of proteostasis in AD. In particular, the importance of oxidative stress-induced DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone modifications and proteostasis are highlighted. A molecular network of gene regulatory elements that undergoes a dynamic change with age may underlie age-dependent AD pathogenesis, and can be used as a new drug target to treat AD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Navarro-López JD, Contreras A, Touyarot K, Herrero AI, Venero C, Cambon K, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Sandi C, Jiménez-Díaz L. Acquisition-dependent modulation of hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecules by associative motor learning. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1082701. [PMID: 36620194 PMCID: PMC9811386 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1082701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that some types of learning involve structural and functional changes of hippocampal synapses. Cell adhesion molecules neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), its polysialylated form polysialic acid to NCAM (PSA-NCAM), and L1 are prominent modulators of those changes. On the other hand, trace eyeblink conditioning, an associative motor learning task, requires the active participation of hippocampal circuits. However, the involvement of NCAM, PSA-NCAM, and L1 in this type of learning is not fully known. Here, we aimed to investigate the possible time sequence modifications of such neural cell adhesion molecules in the hippocampus during the acquisition of a trace eyeblink conditioning. To do so, the hippocampal expression of NCAM, PSA-NCAM, and L1 was assessed at three different time points during conditioning: after one (initial acquisition), three (partial acquisition), and six (complete acquisition) sessions of the conditioning paradigm. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a weak electrical pulse separated by a 250-ms time interval from the unconditioned stimuli (US, a strong electrical pulse). An acquisition-dependent regulation of these adhesion molecules was found in the hippocampus. During the initial acquisition of the conditioning eyeblink paradigm (12 h after 1 and 3 days of training), synaptic expression of L1 and PSA-NCAM was transiently increased in the contralateral hippocampus to the paired CS-US presentations, whereas, when the associative learning was completed, such increase disappeared, but a marked and bilateral upregulation of NCAM was found. In conclusion, our findings show a specific temporal pattern of hippocampal CAMs expression during the acquisition process, highlighting the relevance of NCAM, PSA-NCAM, and L1 as learning-modulated molecules critically involved in remodeling processes underlying associative motor-memories formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Navarro-López
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Contreras
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Katia Touyarot
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana I. Herrero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karine Cambon
- Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnés Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain,*Correspondence: Lydia Jiménez-Díaz,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miltner N, Linkner TR, Ambrus V, Al-Muffti AS, Ahmad H, Mótyán JA, Benkő S, Tőzsér J, Mahdi M. Early suppression of antiviral host response and protocadherins by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999233. [PMID: 36341352 PMCID: PMC9634736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in mediating viral infectivity; hence, in an extensive effort to curb the pandemic, many urgently approved vaccines rely on the expression of the S protein, aiming to induce a humoral and cellular response to protect against the infection. Given the very limited information about the effects of intracellular expression of the S protein in host cells, we aimed to characterize the early cellular transcriptomic changes induced by expression of the S protein in THP-1-derived macrophage-like cells. Results showed that a wide variety of genes were differentially expressed, products of which are mainly involved in cell adhesion, homeostasis, and most notably, antiviral and immune responses, depicted by significant downregulation of protocadherins and type I alpha interferons (IFNAs). While initially, the levels of IFNAs were higher in the medium of S protein expressing cells, the downregulation observed on the transcriptomic level might have been reflected by no further increase of IFNA cytokines beyond the 5 h time-point, compared to the mock control. Our study highlights the intrinsic pathogenic role of the S protein and sheds some light on the potential drawbacks of its utilization in the context of vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Miltner
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Richárd Linkner
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Ambrus
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Aya S. Al-Muffti
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hala Ahmad
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Laboratory of Inflammation-Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Mahdi, ; József Tőzsér,
| | - Mohamed Mahdi
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Mahdi, ; József Tőzsér,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gallerani N, Au E. Loss of Clustered Protocadherin Diversity Alters the Spatial Distribution of Cortical Interneurons in Mice. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa089. [PMID: 34296145 PMCID: PMC8152951 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons (cINs) are locally projecting inhibitory neurons that are distributed throughout the cortex. Due to their relatively limited range of influence, their arrangement in the cortex is critical to their function. cINs achieve this arrangement through a process of tangential and radial migration and apoptosis during development. In this study, we investigated the role of clustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) in establishing the spatial patterning of cINs through the use of genetic cPcdh knockout mice. cPcdhs are expressed in cINs and are known to play key functions in cell spacing and cell survival, but their role in cINs is poorly understood. Using spatial statistical analysis, we found that the 2 main subclasses of cINs, parvalbumin-expressing and somatostatin-expressing (SST) cINs, are nonrandomly spaced within subclass but randomly with respect to each other. We also found that the relative laminar distribution of each subclass was distinctly altered in whole α- or β-cluster mutants. Examination of perinatal time points revealed that the mutant phenotypes emerged relatively late, suggesting that cPcdhs may be acting during cIN morphological elaboration and synaptogenesis. We then analyzed an isoform-specific knockout for pcdh-αc2 and found that it recapitulated the α-cluster knockout but only in SST cells, suggesting that subtype-specific expression of cPcdh isoforms may help govern subtype-specific spatial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gallerani
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edmund Au
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitative Medicine and Regeneration, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hoersting AK, Schmucker D. Axonal branch patterning and neuronal shape diversity: roles in developmental circuit assembly: Axonal branch patterning and neuronal shape diversity in developmental circuit assembly. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:158-165. [PMID: 33232861 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in human genetics and single cell sequencing rapidly expands the list of molecular factors that offer important new contributions to our understanding of brain wiring. Yet many new molecular factors are being discovered that have never been studied in the context of neuronal circuit development. This is clearly asking for increased efforts to better understand the developmental mechanisms of circuit assembly [1]. Moreover, recent studies characterizing the developmental causes of some psychiatric diseases show impressive progress in reaching cellular resolution in their analysis. They provide concrete support emphasizing the importance of axonal branching and synapse formation as a hotspot for potential defects. Inspired by these new studies we will discuss progress but also challenges in understanding how neurite branching and neuronal shape diversity itself impacts on specificity of neuronal circuit assembly. We discuss the idea that neuronal shape acquisition itself is a key specificity factor in neuronal circuit assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Schmucker
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB Leuven, University Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Asai H, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Ghandour K, Murayama E, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Hirayama T, Kaneko R, Muramatsu SI, Yagi T, Inokuchi K. Pcdhβ deficiency affects hippocampal CA1 ensemble activity and contextual fear discrimination. Mol Brain 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 31959219 PMCID: PMC6971911 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a large group of adhesion molecules, are important for axonal projections and dendritic spread, but little is known about how they influence neuronal activity. The Pcdhβ cluster is strongly expressed in the hippocampus, and in vivo Ca2+ imaging in Pcdhβ-deficient mice revealed altered activity of neuronal ensembles but not of individual cells in this region in freely moving animals. Specifically, Pcdhβ deficiency increased the number of large-size neuronal ensembles and the proportion of cells shared between ensembles. Furthermore, Pcdhβ-deficient mice exhibited reduced repetitive neuronal population activity during exploration of a novel context and were less able to discriminate contexts in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. These results suggest that one function of Pcdhβs is to modulate neural ensemble activity in the hippocampus to promote context discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Asai
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Khaled Ghandour
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Emi Murayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mina Matsuo
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hirayama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chromatin establishes an immature version of neuronal protocadherin selection during the naive-to-primed conversion of pluripotent stem cells. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1691-1701. [PMID: 31740836 PMCID: PMC7061033 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian genome, the clustered protocadherin (cPcdh) locus is a paradigm of stochastic gene expression with the potential to generate a unique cPcdh combination in every neuron. Here, we report a chromatin-based mechanism emerging during the transition from the naive to the primed states of cell pluripotency that reduces by orders of magnitude the combinatorial potential in the human cPcdh locus. This mechanism selectively increases the frequency of stochastic selection of a small subset of cPcdh genes after neuronal differentiation in monolayers, months-old organoids, and engrafted cells in the rat spinal cord. Signs of these frequent selections can be observed in the brain throughout fetal development and disappear after birth, unless there is a condition of delayed maturation such as Down Syndrome. We therefore propose that a pattern of limited cPcdh diversity is maintained while human neurons still retain fetal-like levels of maturation. Short and long-term cultures of human stem cell-derived neurons reveal that a pattern of restricted selection of clustered protocadherin isoforms, pre-established in pluripotent cells, distinguishes immature from mature neurons.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ogi M, Yamagishi T, Tsukano H, Nishio N, Hishida R, Takahashi K, Horii A, Shibuki K. Associative responses to visual shape stimuli in the mouse auditory cortex. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223242. [PMID: 31581242 PMCID: PMC6776301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can recall various aspects of a characteristic sound as a whole when they see a visual shape stimulus that has been intimately associated with the sound. In subjects with audio-visual associative memory, auditory responses that code the associated sound may be induced in the auditory cortex in response to presentation of the associated visual shape stimulus. To test this possibility, mice were pre-exposed to a combination of an artificial sound mimicking a cat’s “meow” and a visual shape stimulus of concentric circles or stars for more than two weeks, since such passive exposure is known to be sufficient for inducing audio-visual associative memory in mice. After the exposure, we anesthetized the mice, and presented them with the associated visual shape stimulus. We found that associative responses in the auditory cortex were induced in response to the visual stimulus. The associative auditory responses were observed when complex sounds such as “meow” were used for formation of audio-visual associative memory, but not when a pure tone was used. These results suggest that associative auditory responses in the auditory cortex represent the characteristics of the complex sound stimulus as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ogi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamagishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsukano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nana Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuei Shibuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahi-machi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bouchacourt F, Buschman TJ. A Flexible Model of Working Memory. Neuron 2019; 103:147-160.e8. [PMID: 31103359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is fundamental to cognition, allowing one to hold information "in mind." A defining characteristic of working memory is its flexibility: we can hold anything in mind. However, typical models of working memory rely on finely tuned, content-specific attractors to persistently maintain neural activity and therefore do not allow for the flexibility observed in behavior. Here, we present a flexible model of working memory that maintains representations through random recurrent connections between two layers of neurons: a structured "sensory" layer and a randomly connected, unstructured layer. As the interactions are untuned with respect to the content being stored, the network maintains any arbitrary input. However, in our model, this flexibility comes at a cost: the random connections overlap, leading to interference between representations and limiting the memory capacity of the network. Additionally, our model captures several other key behavioral and neurophysiological characteristics of working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Bouchacourt
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Timothy J Buschman
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| |
Collapse
|