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Cepeda Y, Elizondo-Vega R, Garrido C, Tobar C, Araneda M, Oliveros P, Ordenes P, Carril C, Vidal PM, Luz-Crawford P, García-Robles MA, Oyarce K. Regulatory T cells administration reduces anxiety-like behavior in mice submitted to chronic restraint stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1406832. [PMID: 39206016 PMCID: PMC11349540 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1406832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety are common mental disorders that significantly affect the quality of life of those who suffer from them, altering the person's normal functioning. From the biological perspective, the most classical hypothesis explaining their occurrence relies on neurotransmission and hippocampal excitability alterations. However, around 30% of MDD patients do not respond to medication targeting these processes. Over the last decade, the involvement of inflammatory responses in depression and anxiety pathogenesis has been strongly acknowledged, opening the possibility of tackling these disorders from an immunological point of view. In this context, regulatory T cells (Treg cells), which naturally maintain immune homeostasis by suppressing inflammation could be promising candidates for their therapeutic use in mental disorders. Methods To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 adult male mice were submitted to classical stress protocols to induce depressive and anxiety-like behavior; chronic restriction stress (CRS), and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Some of the stressed mice received a single adoptive transfer of Treg cells during stress protocols. Mouse behavior was analyzed through the open field (OFT) and forced swim test (FST). Blood and spleen samples were collected for T cell analysis using cell cytometry, while brains were collected to study changes in microglia by immunohistochemistry. Results Mice submitted to CRS and CUS develop anxiety and depressive-like behavior, and only CRS mice exhibit lower frequencies of circulating Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells decreased anxiety-like behavior in the OFT only in CRS model, but not depressive behavior in FST in neither of the two models. In CRS mice, Treg cells administration lowered the number of microglia in the hippocampus, which increased due this stress paradigm, and restored its arborization. However, in CUS mice, Treg cells administration increased microglia number with no significant effect on their arborization. Conclusion Our results for effector CD4+ T cells in the spleen and microglia number and morphology in the hippocampus add new evidence in favor of the participation of inflammatory responses in the development of depressive and anxiety-like behavior and suggest that the modulation of key immune cells such as Treg cells, could have beneficial effects on these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Garrido
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Tobar
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Matías Araneda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Oliveros
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Ordenes
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Carril
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pía M. Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María. A. García-Robles
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karina Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Regulatory T Cells: Liquid and Living Precision Medicine for the Future of VCA. Transplantation 2023; 107:86-97. [PMID: 36210500 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transplant rejection remains a challenge especially in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). To blunt the alloreactive immune response' stable levels of maintenance immunosupression are required. However' the need for lifelong immunosuppression poses the risk of severe side effects, such as increased risk of infection, metabolic complications, and malignancies. To balance therapeutic efficacy and medication side effects, immunotolerance promoting immune cells (especially regulatory T cells [Treg]) have become of great scientific interest. This approach leverages immune system mechanisms that usually ensure immunotolerance toward self-antigens and prevent autoimmunopathies. Treg can be bioengineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor or a T-cell receptor. Such bioengineered Treg can target specific antigens and thereby reduce unwanted off-target effects. Treg have demonstrated beneficial clinical effects in solid organ transplantation and promising in vivo data in VCAs. In this review, we summarize the functional, phenotypic, and immunometabolic characteristics of Treg and outline recent advancements and current developments regarding Treg in the field of VCA and solid organ transplantation.
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The Immune System in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101447. [PMID: 34680564 PMCID: PMC8533196 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates the crosstalk between the immune system and the skeletal muscle in inflammatory muscle diseases and dystrophic conditions such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), as well as during normal muscle regeneration. The rising of inflammation and the consequent activation of the immune system are hallmarks of DMD: several efforts identified the immune cells that invade skeletal muscle as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, macrophages, eosinophils and natural killer T cells. The severity of muscle injury and inflammation dictates the impairment of muscle regeneration and the successive replacement of myofibers with connective and adipose tissue. Since immune system activation was traditionally considered as a consequence of muscular wasting, we recently demonstrated a defect in central tolerance caused by thymus alteration and the presence of autoreactive T-lymphocytes in DMD. Although the study of innate and adaptive immune responses and their complex relationship in DMD attracted the interest of many researchers in the last years, the results are so far barely exhaustive and sometimes contradictory. In this review, we describe the most recent improvements in the knowledge of immune system involvement in DMD pathogenesis, leading to new opportunities from a clinical point-of-view.
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Negi S, Saini S, Tandel N, Sahu K, Mishra RP, Tyagi RK. Translating Treg Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Humanized Mice. Cells 2021; 10:1847. [PMID: 34440615 PMCID: PMC8393385 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, afflicted in genetically predisposed individuals due to dysregulated immune response directed against constituents of gut flora. The defective immune responses mounted against the regulatory mechanisms amplify and maintain the IBD-induced mucosal inflammation. Therefore, restoring the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immunepathways in the gut may contribute to halting the IBD-associated tissue-damaging immune response. Phenotypic and functional characterization of various immune-suppressive T cells (regulatory T cells; Tregs) over the last decade has been used to optimize the procedures for in vitro expansion of these cells for developing therapeutic interventional strategies. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of action and functional importance of Tregs during the pathogenesis of IBD and modulating the disease induced inflammation as well as role of mouse models including humanized mice repopulated with the human immune system (HIS) to study the IBD. "Humanized" mouse models provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy and the role of Tregs in developing interventional strategies against IBD. Overall, humanized mouse models replicate the human conditions and prove a viable tool to study molecular functions of human Tregs to harness their therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/metabolism
- Crohn Disease/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Negi
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India;
| | - Kiran Sahu
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Ravi P.N. Mishra
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab, Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India; (S.N.); (S.S.); (K.S.)
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The Effects of an IL-21 Receptor Antagonist on the Alloimmune Response in a Humanized Mouse Skin Transplant Model. Transplantation 2020; 103:2065-2074. [PMID: 31343579 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is involved in regulating the expansion and effector function of a broad range of leukocytes, including T cells and B cells. In transplantation, the exact role of IL-21 in the process of allograft rejection is unknown. To further explore this, the aim of this study is to test the effect of an IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) blocking antibody on the early phase of allograft rejection in a humanized skin transplantation model in mice reconstituted with human T and B cells. METHODS Immunodeficient Balb/c IL2rγRag2 mice were transplanted with human skin followed by adoptive transfer of human allogeneic splenocytes. Control animals were treated with a phosphate buffered saline vehicle while the other group was treated with a humanized anti-IL-21R antibody (αIL-21R). RESULTS In the phosphate buffered saline-treated animals, human skin allografts were infiltrated with lymphocytes and developed a thickened epidermis with increased expression of the inflammatory markers Keratin 17 (Ker17) and Ki67. In mice treated with αIL-21R, these signs of allograft reactivity were significantly reduced. Concordantly, STAT3 phosphorylation was inhibited in this group. Of note, treatment with αIL-21R attenuated the process of T and B cell reconstitution after adoptive cellular transfer. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that blockade of IL-21 signaling can delay allograft rejection in a humanized skin transplantation model.
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Successful Regulatory T Cell-Based Therapy Relies on Inhibition of T Cell Effector Function and Enrichment of FOXP3+ Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model of Skin Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7680131. [PMID: 32509883 PMCID: PMC7244960 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7680131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent clinical trials using regulatory T cells (Treg) support the therapeutic potential of Treg-based therapy in transplantation and autoinflammatory diseases. Despite these clinical successes, the effect of Treg on inflamed tissues, as well as their impact on immune effector function in vivo, is poorly understood. Therefore, we here evaluated the effect of human Treg injection on cutaneous inflammatory processes in vivo using a humanized mouse model of human skin inflammation (huPBL-SCID-huSkin). Methods SCID beige mice were transplanted with human skin followed by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 20‐40 × 106 allogeneic human PBMCs. This typically results in human skin inflammation as indicated by epidermal thickening (hyperkeratosis) and changes in dermal inflammatory markers such as the antimicrobial peptide hBD2 and epidermal barrier cytokeratins K10 and K16, as well as T cell infiltration in the dermis. Ex vivo-expanded human Treg were infused intraperitoneally. Human cutaneous inflammation and systemic immune responses were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results We confirmed that human Treg injection inhibits skin inflammation and the influx of effector T cells. As a novel finding, we demonstrate that human Treg injection led to a reduction of IL-17-secreting cells while promoting a relative increase in immunosuppressive FOXP3+ Treg in the human skin, indicating active immune regulation in controlling the local proinflammatory response. Consistent with the local control (skin), systemically (splenocytes), we observed that Treg injection led to lower frequencies of IFNγ and IL-17A-expressing human T cells, while a trend towards enrichment of FOXP3+ Treg was observed. Conclusion Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of skin inflammation by Treg infusion, next to a reduction of infiltrating effector T cells, is mediated by restoring both the local and systemic balance between cytokine-producing effector T cells and immunoregulatory T cells. This work furthers our understanding of Treg-based immunotherapy.
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Kendall AC, Pilkington SM, Murphy SA, Del Carratore F, Sunarwidhi AL, Kiezel-Tsugunova M, Urquhart P, Watson REB, Breitling R, Rhodes LE, Nicolaou A. Dynamics of the human skin mediator lipidome in response to dietary ω-3 fatty acid supplementation. FASEB J 2019; 33:13014-13027. [PMID: 31518521 PMCID: PMC6902719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901501r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation with fish oil or ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has potential benefits for skin inflammation. Although the differential metabolism of the main n-3PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could lead to distinct activities, there are no clinical studies comparing their relative efficacy in human skin. Following a 10-wk oral supplementation of healthy volunteers and using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we found that n-3PUFA mainly affected the epidermal mediator lipidome. EPA was more efficient than DHA in reducing production of arachidonic acid–derived lipids, and both n-3PUFA lowered N-acyl ethanolamines. In UV radiation–challenged skin (3 times the minimum erythemal dose), EPA attenuated the production of proinflammatory lipids, whereas DHA abrogated the migration of Langerhans cells, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, n-3PUFA increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but did not alter the erythemal response, either the sunburn threshold or the resolution of erythema, as assessed by spectrophotometric hemoglobin index readings. As EPA and DHA differentially impact cutaneous inflammation through changes in the network of epidermal lipids and dendritic and infiltrating immune cells, they should be considered separately when designing interventions for cutaneous disease.—Kendall, A. C., Pilkington, S. M., Murphy, S. A., Del Carratore, F., Sunarwidhi, A. L., Kiezel-Tsugunova, M., Urquhart, P., Watson, R. E. B., Breitling, R., Rhodes, L. E., Nicolaou, A. Dynamics of the human skin mediator lipidome in response to dietary ω-3 fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Kendall
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Pilkington
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Salford Royal National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon A Murphy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Del Carratore
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anggit L Sunarwidhi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Kiezel-Tsugunova
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Urquhart
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Salford Royal National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Breitling
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Salford Royal National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, School of Heath Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Human skin equivalents composed of epidermal cells and fibroblasts are important for modeling human epidermal development, testing new therapeutics, and designing novel treatment strategies for human skin diseases. Here, we describe a procedure for the generation of an in vivo full-thickness human skin equivalent on an immunodeficient mouse using a grafting chamber system. The protocol involves mixing human epidermal cells and fibroblasts in a silicone grafting chamber that is surgically inserted onto the muscle fascia of a recipient immunodeficient mouse. Following the removal of the silicone chamber, the graft area is exposed to air to induce stratification of developing epidermis, resulting in the reconstitution of full-thickness human skin tissue on a live mouse. This grafting system provides a straightforward approach to study human skin diseases in an animal model and has been previously used to determine the ability of both mouse and human primary epidermal cells and cells derived from pluripotent stem cells to regenerate functional skin in vivo.
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Schinnerling K, Rosas C, Soto L, Thomas R, Aguillón JC. Humanized Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis for Studies on Immunopathogenesis and Preclinical Testing of Cell-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30837986 PMCID: PMC6389733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been used over decades to study the immunopathogenesis of the disease and to explore intervention strategies. Nevertheless, mouse models of RA reach their limit when it comes to testing of new therapeutic approaches such as cell-based therapies. Differences between the human and the murine immune system make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about the success of immunotherapies. To overcome this issue, humanized mouse models have been established that mimic components of the human immune system in mice. Two main strategies have been pursued for humanization: the introduction of human transgenes such as human leukocyte antigen molecules or specific T cell receptors, and the generation of mouse/human chimera by transferring human cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice. Recently, both approaches have been combined to achieve more sophisticated humanized models of autoimmune diseases. This review discusses limitations of conventional mouse models of RA-like disease and provides a closer look into studies in humanized mice exploring their usefulness and necessity as preclinical models for testing of cell-based therapies in autoimmune diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hoeppli RE, Pesenacker AM. Targeting Tregs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Juvenile Dermatomyositis-Insights From Other Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30740105 PMCID: PMC6355674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are believed to be dysfunctional in autoimmunity. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) result from a loss of normal immune regulation in specific tissues such as joints or muscle and skin, respectively. Here, we discuss recent findings in regard to Treg biology in oligo-/polyarticular JIA and JDM, as well as what we can learn about Treg-related disease mechanism, treatment and biomarkers in JIA/JDM from studies of other diseases. We explore the potential use of Treg immunoregulatory markers and gene signatures as biomarkers for disease course and/or treatment success. Further, we discuss how Tregs are affected by several treatment strategies already employed in the therapy of JIA and JDM and by alternative immunotherapies such as anti-cytokine or co-receptor targeting. Finally, we review recent successes in using Tregs as a treatment target with low-dose IL-2 or cellular immunotherapy. Thus, this mini review will highlight our current understanding and identify open questions in regard to Treg biology, and how recent findings may advance biomarkers and new therapies for JIA and JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy E Hoeppli
- Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne M Pesenacker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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