1
|
Ednacot EMQ, Nabhani A, Dinh DM, Morehouse BR. Pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling in immunity. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108653. [PMID: 38679204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are important signaling molecules that play many critical physiological roles including controlling cell fate and development, regulation of metabolic processes, and responding to changes in the environment. Cyclic nucleotides are also pivotal regulators in immune signaling, orchestrating intricate processes that maintain homeostasis and defend against pathogenic threats. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pharmacological potential of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways within the realm of immunity. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental roles of cAMP and cGMP as ubiquitous second messengers, this review delves into the complexities of their involvement in immune responses. Special attention is given to the challenges associated with modulating these signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the necessity for achieving cell-type specificity to avert unintended consequences. A major focus of the review is on the recent paradigm-shifting discoveries regarding specialized cyclic nucleotide signals in the innate immune system, notably the cGAS-STING pathway. The significance of cyclic dinucleotides, exemplified by 2'3'-cGAMP, in controlling immune responses against pathogens and cancer, is explored. The evolutionarily conserved nature of cyclic dinucleotides as antiviral agents, spanning across diverse organisms, underscores their potential as targets for innovative immunotherapies. Findings from the last several years have revealed a striking diversity of novel bacterial cyclic nucleotide second messengers which are involved in antiviral responses. Knowledge of the existence and precise identity of these molecules coupled with accurate descriptions of their associated immune defense pathways will be essential to the future development of novel antibacterial therapeutic strategies. The insights presented herein may help researchers navigate the evolving landscape of immunopharmacology as it pertains to cyclic nucleotides and point toward new avenues or lines of thinking about development of therapeutics against the pathways they regulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirene Marie Q Ednacot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ali Nabhani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David M Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verheyen M, Puschkarow M, Gnipp S, Koesling D, Peters M, Mergia E. The differential roles of the two NO-GC isoforms in adjusting airway reactivity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L450-L463. [PMID: 35972838 PMCID: PMC9529264 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00404.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme, nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC), is activated by binding NO to its prosthetic heme group and catalyzes the formation of cGMP. The NO-GC is primarily known to mediate vascular smooth muscle relaxation in the lung, and inhaled NO has been successfully used as a selective pulmonary vasodilator. In comparison, NO-GC’s impact on the regulation of airway tone is less acknowledged and, most importantly, little is known about the issue that NO-GC signaling is accomplished by two isoforms: NO-GC1 and NO-GC2, implying the existence of distinct “cGMP pools.” Herein, we investigated the functional role of the NO-GC isoforms in respiration by measuring lung function parameters of isoform-specific knockout (KO) mice using noninvasive and invasive techniques. Our data revealed the participation and ongoing influence of NO-GC1-derived cGMP in the regulation of airway tone by showing that respiratory resistance was enhanced in NO-GC1-KOs and increased more pronouncedly after the challenge with the bronchoconstrictor methacholine. The tissue resistance and stiffness of NO-GC1-KOs were also higher because of narrowed airways that cause tissue distortion. Contrariwise, NO-GC2-KOs displayed reduced tissue elasticity, elastic recoil, and airway reactivity to methacholine, which did not even increase in an ovalbumin model of asthma that induced hyperresponsiveness in NO-GC1-KOs. In addition, conscious NO-GC2-KOs showed a higher breathing rate with a shorter duration of inspiration and expiration time, which remained faster even in the presence of bronchoconstrictors that slow down breathing. Thus, we provide evidence of two distinct NO/cGMP pathways in airways, accomplished by either NO-GC1 or NO-GC2, adjusting differentially the airway reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Verheyen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michelle Puschkarow
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, NRW, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gnipp
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, NRW, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, NRW, Germany
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Monocytes by cGMP and IRAK3. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052552. [PMID: 35269704 PMCID: PMC8909980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) is a critical checkpoint molecule of inflammatory responses in the innate immune system. The pseudokinase domain of IRAK3 contains a guanylate cyclase (GC) centre that generates small amounts of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) associated with IRAK3 functions in inflammation. However, the mechanisms of IRAK3 actions are poorly understood. The effects of low cGMP levels on inflammation are unknown, therefore a dose–response effect of cGMP on inflammatory markers was assessed in THP-1 monocytes challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sub-nanomolar concentrations of membrane permeable 8-Br-cGMP reduced LPS-induced NFκB activity, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine levels. Pharmacologically upregulating cellular cGMP levels using a nitric oxide donor reduced cytokine secretion. Downregulating cellular cGMP using a soluble GC inhibitor increased cytokine levels. Knocking down IRAK3 in THP-1 cells revealed that unlike the wild type cells, 8-Br-cGMP did not suppress inflammatory responses. Complementation of IRAK3 knockdown cells with wild type IRAK3 suppressed cytokine production while complementation with an IRAK3 mutant at GC centre only partially restored this function. Together these findings indicate low levels of cGMP form a critical component in suppressing cytokine production and in mediating IRAK3 action, and this may be via a cGMP enriched nanodomain formed by IRAK3 itself.
Collapse
|
4
|
McHenry ML, Wampande EM, Joloba ML, Malone LL, Mayanja-Kizza H, Bush WS, Boom WH, Williams SM, Stein CM. Interaction between M. tuberculosis Lineage and Human Genetic Variants Reveals Novel Pathway Associations with Severity of TB. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111487. [PMID: 34832643 PMCID: PMC8617877 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Both human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) genetic variation affect TB outcomes, but few studies have examined if and how the two genomes interact to affect disease. We hypothesize that long-term coexistence between human genomes and MTBC lineages modulates disease to affect its severity. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which we identified three MTBC lineages, of which one, L4.6-Uganda, is clearly derived and hence recent. We quantified TB severity using the Bandim TBscore and examined the interaction between MTBC lineage and human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide, in two independent cohorts of TB cases (n = 149 and n = 127). We found a significant interaction between an SNP in PPIAP2 and the Uganda lineage (combined p = 4 × 10−8). PPIAP2 is a pseudogene that is highly expressed in immune cells. Pathway and eQTL analyses indicated potential roles between coevolving SNPs and cellular replication and metabolism as well as platelet aggregation and coagulation. This finding provides further evidence that host–pathogen interactions affect clinical presentation differently than host and pathogen genetic variation independently, and that human–MTBC coevolution is likely to explain patterns of disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
| | - LaShaunda L. Malone
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (L.L.M.); (W.H.B.)
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Mulago Hospital, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;
| | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (L.L.M.); (W.H.B.)
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Belluati A, Craciun I, Palivan CG. Bioactive Catalytic Nanocompartments Integrated into Cell Physiology and Their Amplification of a Native Signaling Cascade. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12101-12112. [PMID: 32869973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive nanomaterials have the potential to overcome the limitations of classical pharmacological approaches by taking advantage of native pathways to influence cell behavior, interacting with them and eliciting responses. Herein, we propose a cascade system mediated by two catalytic nanocompartments (CNC) with biological activity. Activated by nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger that modulates a broad range of physiological functions. As alterations in cGMP signaling are implicated in a multitude of pathologies, its signaling cascade represents a viable target for therapeutic intervention. Following along this line, we encapsulated iNOS and sGC in two separate polymeric compartments that function in unison to produce NO and cGMP. Their action was tested in vitro by monitoring the derived changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations of HeLa and differentiated C2C12 myocytes, where the produced second messenger influenced the cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|