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Martinez AN, Tortelote GG, Pascale CL, Ekanem UOI, Leite APDO, McCormack IG, Dumont AS. Dimethyl Fumarate Mediates Sustained Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Aneurysm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:773. [PMID: 39061841 PMCID: PMC11274241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are a type of vascular disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality with rupture. Dysfunction of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from circle of Willis (CoW) vessels mediates CA formation, as they are the major cell type of the arterial wall and play a role in maintaining vessel integrity. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, has been shown to inhibit VSMC proliferation and reduce CA formation in a mouse model. Potential unwanted side effects of DMF on VSMC function have not been investigated yet. The present study characterizes the impact of DMF on VSMC using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in CoW vessels following CA induction and further explores its role in mitochondrial function using in vitro VSMC cultures. Two weeks of DMF treatment following CA induction impaired the transcription of the glutathione redox system and downregulated mitochondrial respiration genes in VSMCs. In vitro, DMF treatment increased lactate formation and enhanced the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects rendered VSMCs vulnerable to oxidative stress and led to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancement of apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the concept that the DMF-mediated antiproliferative effect on VSMCs is linked to disturbed antioxidative functions resulting in altered mitochondrial metabolism. This negative impact of DMF treatment on VSMCs may be linked to preexisting alterations of cerebrovascular function due to renal hypertension. Therefore, before severe adverse effects emerge, it would be clinically relevant to develop indices or biomarkers linked to this disturbed antioxidative function to monitor patients undergoing DMF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra N. Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Giovane G. Tortelote
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Crissey L. Pascale
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Uduak-Obong I. Ekanem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Ana Paula de O. Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, The Tulane Center for Sex-Based Biology and Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Isabella G. McCormack
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA (A.S.D.)
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Peng Y, Li Y, Zhang W, ShangGuan Y, Xie T, Wang K, Qiu J, Pu W, Hu B, Zhang X, Yin L, Tang D, Dai Y. The characteristics of extrachromosomal circular DNA in patients with end-stage renal disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:134. [PMID: 36967395 PMCID: PMC10041755 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to the structurally intact chromosome genomic DNA, there is a double-stranded circular DNA called extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), which is thought to be involved in the epigenetic regulation of human disease. However, the features of eccDNA in ESRD patients are barely known. In this study, we identified eccDNA from ESRD patients and healthy people, as well as revealed the characteristics of eccDNA in patients with ESRD. METHODS Using the high-throughput Circle-Sequencing technique, we examined the eccDNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy people (NC) (n = 12) and ESRD patients (n = 16). We analyzed the length distribution, genome elements, and motifs feature of eccDNA in ESRD patients. Then, after identifying the specific eccDNA in ESRD patients, we explored the potential functions of the target genes of the specific eccDNA. Finally, we investigated the probable hub eccDNA using algorithms. RESULTS In total, 14,431 and 11,324 eccDNAs were found in the ESRD and NC groups, respectively, with sizes ranging from 0.01 kb to 60 kb at most. Additionally, the ESRD group had a greater distribution of eccDNA on chromosomes 4, 11, 13, and 20. In two groups, we also discovered several motifs of specific eccDNAs. Furthermore, we identified 13,715 specific eccDNAs in the ESRD group and 10,585 specific eccDNAs in the NC group, both of which were largely annotated as mRNA catalog. Pathway studies using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the specific eccDNA in ESRD was markedly enriched in cell junction and communication pathways. Furthermore, we identified potentially 20 hub eccDNA-targeting genes from all ESRD-specific eccDNA-targeting genes. Also, we found that 39 eccDNA-targeting genes were associated with ESRD, and some of these eccDNAs may be related to the pathogenesis of ESRD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the characteristics of eccDNA in ESRD patients and discovered potentially hub and ESRD-relevant eccDNA-targeting genes, suggesting a novel probable mechanism of ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu ShangGuan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Pu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biying Hu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangzhou Enttxs Medical Products Co., Ltd. P.R. Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pathology, The 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin, 541002, Guangxi, China.
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Xu H, Wang C, Song TT, Liu Y, Dong CW. Effects of Ziyin Qianyang Formula on Renal Fibrosis through the TGF- β1/Smads Signaling Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6088673. [PMID: 36387359 PMCID: PMC9663231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6088673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of Ziyin Qianyang Formula (ZYQYF) on renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Forty SHRs were randomly divided into a model group, Ziyin Qianyang Formula regular-dose and high-dose groups (ZYQYF-R, 20 g/kg; ZYQYF-H, 40 g/kg), and a western medicine group (enalapril 10 mg/kg), and 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as the normal group. The rats received continuous gavage administration for 6 weeks and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained every fortnight. The serum levels of urea, serum creatinine (sCr), and uric acid (UA) were measured; the pathological morphology and collagen content of the kidneys were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining; and the serum Ang II level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad-2, Smad-3, and Smad-7 protein and mRNA expressions in kidney tissues was evaluated by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The ZYQYF-H group showed significantly a lower renal weight and renal weight/body weight than the model group. The enalapril and ZYQYF-H groups showed significantly lower SBP than other groups after 6 weeks of administration. The ZYQYF-H group showed better improvement than the ZYQYF-R and enalapril groups in glomerular and tubular morphology and better reductions in inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen volumetric fraction. The ZYQYF-H group also showed better reductions in serum UA and Ang II levels; collagen-I, collagen-III, and p-Smad2/Smad-2 protein expression; and Smad-2 mRNA expression and a better increase in Smad-7 protein and mRNA expression than the enalapril group. Besides, the degree of renal function and fibrosis improvement was positively correlated with the dose of ZYQYF. CONCLUSION ZYQYF can significantly reduce SHR blood pressure, protect renal function and structure, and improve renal fibrosis by regulating Smad proteins through TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ting-ting Song
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chang-wu Dong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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4
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Han Z, Ma K, Tao H, Liu H, Zhang J, Sai X, Li Y, Chi M, Nian Q, Song L, Liu C. A Deep Insight Into Regulatory T Cell Metabolism in Renal Disease: Facts and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826732. [PMID: 35251009 PMCID: PMC8892604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease encompasses a complex set of diseases that can aggravate or start systemic pathophysiological processes through their complex metabolic mechanisms and effects on body homoeostasis. The prevalence of kidney disease has increased dramatically over the last two decades. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune disease and tissue damage caused by excessive or unnecessary immune activation, including autoimmune kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in controlling the plasticity, stability, and function of Treg cells. They are also likely to play a vital role in limiting kidney transplant rejection and potentially promoting transplant tolerance. Metabolic pathways, such as mitochondrial function, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, glutaminolysis, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, are involved in the development of renal diseases by modulating the function and proliferation of Treg cells. Targeting metabolic pathways to alter Treg cells can offer a promising method for renal disease therapy. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the role of Treg cell metabolism in renal diseases by presenting the renal microenvironment、relevant metabolites of Treg cell metabolism, and the role of Treg cell metabolism in various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hongxia Tao
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion Sicuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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5
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Zhou Y, Wei M, Zhang M, Zhang J, Tang F, Wu X. Adefovir accumulation in the renal interstitium triggers mast cell degranulation and promotes renal interstitial fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2022; 359:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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6
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Guo Y, Xiao Y, Zhu H, Guo H, Zhou Y, Shentu Y, Zheng C, Chen C, Bai Y. Inhibition of proliferation-linked signaling cascades with atractylenolide I reduces myofibroblastic phenotype and renal fibrosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114344. [PMID: 33221275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a frequent axis contributing to the occurrence of end-stage nephropathy. Previously, it has been reported that atractylenolide Ⅰ (ATL-1), a natural compound extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala, has anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. However, the renal anti-fibrotic effects of action remain unclear. In this study, the anti-fibrotic effects of ATL-1 were examined in fibroblasts, tubular epithelial cells (TECs) triggered by TGF-β1 in vitro, and using a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model in vivo. We found that ATL-1 represses the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis development in UUO kidneys by targeting the fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD), as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The anti-fibrotic effects of ATL-1 were associated with reduced cell growth in the interstitium and tubules, leading to suppression of the proliferation-linked cascades activity consisting of JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Besides, ATL-1 treatment repressed TGF-β1-triggered FMD and the myofibroblastic phenotype in fibroblasts by antagonizing the activation of proliferation-linked cascades. Likewise, TGF-β1-triggered excessive activation of the proliferation-linked signaling in TECs triggered EMT. The myofibroblastic phenotype was repressed by ATL-1. The anti-fibrotic and anti-proliferative effects of ATL-1 were linked to the inactivation of Smad2/3 signaling, partially reversing FMD, as well as EMT and the repression of the myofibroblastic phenotype. Thus, the inhibition of myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis development in vivo and in vitro through proliferation-linked cascades of ATL-1 makes it a prospective therapeutic bio-agent to prevent renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hengyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hangcheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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7
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Recent discovery of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ inhibitors for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2151-2169. [PMID: 31538525 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, PI3Kγ, a vital kinase, which involved in numerous intracellular signaling pathways, has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of immune diseases and certain cancers. Before the 21st century, few selective PI3Kγ inhibitors were discovered because no non-conserved structure in the ATP binding sites of PI3Kγ had been found. Since the discovery of the non-ATP binding pocket, the reported structures of potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitors have become more diverse, and one compound (IPI549) has entered Phase I clinical trial. This review centers on a general overview of PI3Kγ inhibitors in clinical and preclinical as well as further therapeutic applications in human diseases.
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Hu Y, Wang M, Pan Y, Li Q, Xu L. Salvianolic acid B attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the HPSE/SDC1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1325-1334. [PMID: 32626974 PMCID: PMC7339410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Numerous reports have demonstrated that it could exert significant renal-protective effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Sal B could alleviate renal injury by regulating the heparanase/syndecan-1 (HPSE/SDC1) axis. In vivo, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) levels, and the histopathological changes of mice kidneys were examined. Sal B could notably reduce the renal injury caused by left ureteral ligation. In vitro, Sal B downregulated the expression levels of HPSE/FGF-2/TGF-β1/α-smooth muscle actin and upregulated the expression levels of SDC1/E-cadherin in angiotensin II-stimulated HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study provided evidence for the first time that Sal B could exert renal-protective effects via the inhibition of the HPSE/SDC1 axis, and these results suggest that the administration of Sal B may be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunzheng Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qingju Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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9
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Zhu Y, Shi Q, Peng Q, Gao Y, Yang T, Cheng Y, Wang H, Luo Y, Huang A, He TC, Fan J. A simplified 3D liver microsphere tissue culture model for hepatic cell signaling and drug-induced hepatotoxicity studies. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1653-1666. [PMID: 31485603 PMCID: PMC6777685 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of experimental models have been developed for liver research, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The present study attempted to develop a simple and effective 3‑dimensional mouse liver microsphere tissue culture (LMTC) model in vitro for the analysis of hepatic functions. Hepatic characteristics and potential applications of this model were compared with that of mouse model in vivo and mouse primary hepatocytes in vitro. Using freshly‑perfused mouse liver tissue passed through 80‑mesh sift strainer (sift80), it was demonstrated that under the optimal culture conditions, the sift80 microsphere tissue cultured in 2% bovine calf serum medium remained viable with marked proliferating cell nuclear antigen and anti‑Myc proto‑oncogene protein expression, exhibited normal hepatic functions including indocyanine green (ICG) uptake/release and periodic acid‑Schiff staining, and expressed hepatocyte‑specific genes for up to 2 weeks. The microsphere tissue was responsive to bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9) stimulation leading to upregulation of downstream targets of BMP9 signaling. Furthermore, 3 commonly‑used liver‑damaging drugs were indicated to effectively inhibit hepatic ICG uptake, and induce the expression of hepatotoxicity‑associated genes. Therefore, this simplified LMTC model may be a useful in vitro tissue culture model to investigate drug‑induced liver injury and metabolism, and hepatocyte‑based cell singling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases of The Ministry of Education of China, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Chen YY, Yu XY, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Ma SC, Zhao YY. Redox signaling in aging kidney and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:141-149. [PMID: 31199964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are serious public problems with high morbidity and mortality in the general population and heavily retard renal function with aging regardless of the cause. Although myriad strategies have been assigned to prevent or harness disease progression, unfortunately, thus far, there is a paucity of effective therapies partly due to an insufficient knowledge of underlying pathological mechanisms, indicating deeper studies are urgently needed. Additionally, natural products are increasingly recognized as an alternative source for disease intervention owing to the potent safety and efficacy, which might be exploited for novel drug discovery. In this review, we primarily expatiate the new advances on mediators that might be amenable to targeting aging kidney and kidney diseases, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), renin-angiotensin system (RAS), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated γ receptor (PPARγ), advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as microRNAs and vitagenes. Of note, we conclude by highlighting some natural products which have the potential to facilitate the development of novel treatment for patients with myriad renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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11
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Yang T, Shu F, Yang H, Heng C, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Qian X, Du L, Zhu X, Lu Q, Yin X. YY1: A novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy orchestrated renal fibrosis. Metabolism 2019; 96:33-45. [PMID: 31028762 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis promotes the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). A growing number of studies have reported that Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic steatosis and cancer. METHODS We detected the expression of YY1 under various glucose concentration and time gradient conditions. Rapamycin was used to verify the mTORC1/p70S6K/YY1 signaling pathway in HK-2 cells. We used db/db mice to examine the connection between renal fibrosis and YY1. A luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to identify whether YY1 directly regulated α-SMA by binding to the α-SMA promoter. RNA silencing and overexpression were performed by using a YY1 expression/knockdown plasmid to investigate the function of YY1 in renal fibrosis of DN. RESULTS YY1 expression and subsequent nuclear translocation were upregulated in a glucose- and time-dependent manner via the mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway in HK-2 cells. YY1 expression and nuclear translocation was significantly upregulated in db/db mice. Furthermore, YY1 upregulated α-SMA expression and activity in high-glucose-cultured HK-2 cells. Overexpression of YY1 promoted renal fibrosis in db/m mice mainly by upregulating α-SMA expression and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, downregulation of YY1 reversed renal fibrosis by improving EMT in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that upregulation of YY1 plays a critical role in HG-induced deregulation of EMT-associated protein expression, which finally results in renal fibrosis of DN. Therefore, decreasing YY1 expression might represent a new therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Fanglin Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Cai Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xuan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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12
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Connor KL, Denby L. Urinary angiotensinogen as a biomarker for acute to chronic kidney injury transition - prognostic and mechanistic implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2383-2385. [PMID: 30425169 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate biomarkers that both predict the progression to, and detect the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking, resulting in difficulty in identifying individuals who could potentially benefit from targeted intervention. In a recent issue [Clinical Science (2018) 132, 2121-2133], Cui et al. examine the ability of urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT) to predict the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD. They principally employ a murine ischaemia reperfusion injury model to study this and provide data from a small prospective study of patients with biopsy proven acute tubular necrosis. The authors suggest that uAGT is a dynamic marker of renal injury that could be used to predict the likelihood of structural recovery following AKI. Here we comment on their findings, exploring the clinical utility of uAGT as a biomarker to predict AKI to CKD transition and perhaps more controversially, to discuss whether the early renin-angiotensin system blockade following AKI represents a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Connor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
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