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Kim JC, Hwang IM, Kim HM, Kim S, Shin TS, Woo SD, Park HW. Rapid analysis of insecticidal metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana 331R using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:123-132. [PMID: 37968430 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a representative entomopathogenic fungus, is increasingly being utilized as an eco-friendly pest management alternative to chemical insecticides. This fungus produces a range of insecticidal secondary metabolites that act as antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. However, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis related to these compounds remains scarce, we developed a method for the rapid analysis of these metabolites. Eight secondary metabolites (bassianin, bassianolide, beauvericin, beauveriolide I, enniatin A, A1, and B, and tenellin) were efficiently extracted when B. bassiana-infected Tenebrio molitor larvae were ground in 70% EtOH extraction solvent and subsequently subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. The eight metabolites were rapidly and simultaneously analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Bassianolide (20.6-51.1 µg/g) and beauvericin (63.6-109.8 µg/g) were identified as the main metabolites in B. basssiana-infected larvae, indicating that they are likely major toxins of B. bassiana. Validation of the method exhibited recovery rates in the range of 80-115% and precision in the range of 0.1-8.0%, indicating no significant interference from compounds in the matrix. We developed a method to rapidly analyze eight insecticidal metabolites using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. This can be extensively utilized for detecting and producing insecticidal fungal secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Cheol Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Myeong Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulbi Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Teak Su Shin
- R&D Center, Solvm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Dong Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea.
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Shin TY, Kim S, Heo I, Woo SD, Kim WJ. The complete mitogenome of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pinghaense 15R. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:1411-1415. [PMID: 38515796 PMCID: PMC10956925 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2292145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitogenome of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pinghaense 15 R, which is highly virulent to aphids and was isolated from Korean soil, was assembled and annotated for three ATP synthase subunits (atp6, atp8, and atp9), three cytochrome oxidase subunits (cox1, cox2, and cox3), apocytochrome b (cob), seven subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5, and nad6), two ribosomal RNAs (rnl and rns), and 19 tRNA genes. Five genes were carrying a total of eight introns, and they may encode ribosomal protein S3, LAGLIDADG and GIY-YIG endonucleases. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial nucleotide sequence confirmed that the M. pinghaense 15 R is a member of the Clavicipitaceae, and is closely related to the species M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, and M. brunneum. The mtDNA base sequence of the M. pinghaense 15 R strain reported in this study is thought to be useful for biological resource genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - InJi Heo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Dong Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Li YH, Chang JC, Yen MR, Huang YF, Chen TH, Chen LH, Nai YS. Whole-genome DNA methylome analysis of different developmental stages of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana NCHU-157 by nanopore sequencing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085631. [PMID: 36741316 PMCID: PMC9889659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), Beauveria bassiana, is an important and commonly used EPF for microbial control. However, the role of DNA methylation has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the whole genomic DNA methylome of one promising EPF isolate, B. bassiana NCHU-157 (Bb-NCHU-157), was investigated by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). First, the whole genome of Bb-NCHU-157 was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and ONT. The genome of Bb-NCHU-157 contains 16 contigs with 34.19 Mb and 50% GC content, which are composed of 10,848 putative protein-coding genes. Two putative DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were found, including Dim-2 and C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases. Both DNMTs showed higher expression levels in the mycelium stage than in the conidia stage, indicating that development of DNA methylation in Bb-NCHU-157 might occur in the mycelium stage. The global methylation level of the mycelium stage (5 mC = 4.56%, CG = 3.33%, CHG = 0.74%, CHH = 0.49%) was higher than that of the conidial stage (5 mC = 2.99%, CG = 1.99%, CHG = 0.63%, CHH = 0.37%) in both the gene and transposable element (TE) regions. Furthermore, the TE regions showed higher methylation frequencies than the gene regions, especially for CHH site methylation, suggesting regulation of genomic stabilization during mycelium development. In the gene regions, high methylation frequencies were found around the transcription start site (TSS) and transcription end site (TES). Moreover, CG and CHG methylation mainly occur in the promoter and intergenic regions, while CHH methylation occurs in the TE region. Among the methylated regions, 371, 661, and 756 differentially DNA methylated regions (DMRs) were hypermethylated in the mycelium in CG, CHG, and CHH, while only 13 and 7 DMRs were hypomethylated in the mycelium in CHG, and CHH, respectively. Genes located in the DMR shared the GO terms, DNA binding (GO: 0003677), and sequence-specific DNA binding (GO: 0043565) for hypermethylation in the mycelium, suggesting that methylation might regulate gene expression from the initial process. Evaluation of the DNA methylome in Bb-NCHU-157 by ONT provided new insight into this field. These data will be further validated, and epigenetic regulation during the development of B. bassiana will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Li
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chun Chang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ren Yen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yu-Shin Nai,
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Baek S, Noh MY, Mun S, Lee SJ, Arakane Y, Kim JS. Ultrastructural analysis of beetle larva cuticles during infection with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3356-3364. [PMID: 35509233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beauveria bassiana is one of the commercially available entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), and a number of isolates with high virulence and broad host spectrum have been used to control agricultural and forest pests. Although the functional importance of genes in EPFs' pathogenesis have been extensively studied, the precise ultrastructural mechanism of the fungal infection, particularly penetration of the host insect cuticles, is not well understood. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the larval cuticle of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, after treatment with B. bassiana ERL1170 expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (Bb-eGFP). The Bb-eGFP showed high virulence against the larvae, with approximately 90% mortality at 48 h after treatment (HAT) and 100% at 72 HAT under our infection conditions. In these larvae, the regions of the body wall with flexible cuticles, such as the ventral and ventrolateral thorax and abdomen, became darkly melanized, but there was little to no melanization in the rigid dorsal cuticular structures. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that germinated conidia on the surface of the larval cuticle were evident at 6 HAT, which formed penetration pegs and began to penetrate the several cuticle layers/laminae by 12 HAT. The penetration pegs then developed invading hyphae, some of which passed through the cuticle and reached the epidermal cells by 24 HAT. The larval cuticle was aggressively and extensively disrupted by 48 HAT, and a number of outgrowing hyphae were observed at 72 HAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Bb-eGFP is capable of infection and penetrating T. castaneum larvae shortly after inoculation (~24 HAT) at the body regions with apparently flexible and membranous cuticles, such as the ventral intersegmental regions and the ventrolateral pleura. This study provides details on the histopathogenesis of the host cuticle by infection and penetration of EPFs, which can facilitate the management of insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Noh
- Department of Forest Resources, AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Mun
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Yasuyuki Arakane
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Batool W, Liu C, Fan X, Zhang P, Hu Y, Wei Y, Zhang SH. AGC/AKT Protein Kinase SCH9 Is Critical to Pathogenic Development and Overwintering Survival in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080810. [PMID: 36012798 PMCID: PMC9410157 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary inoculum that survives overwintering is one of the key factors that determine the outbreak of plant disease. Pathogenic resting structures, such as chlamydospores, are an ideal inoculum for plant disease. Puzzlingly, Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating fungal pathogen responsible for blast disease in rice, hardly form any morphologically changed resting structures, and we hypothesize that M. oryzae mainly relies on its physiological alteration to survive overwintering or other harsh environments. However, little progress on research into regulatory genes that facilitate the overwintering of rice blast pathogens has been made so far. Serine threonine protein kinase AGC/AKT, MoSch9, plays an important role in the spore-mediated pathogenesis of M. oryzae. Building on this finding, we discovered that in genetic and biological terms, MoSch9 plays a critical role in conidiophore stalk formation, hyphal-mediated pathogenesis, cold stress tolerance, and overwintering survival of M. oryzae. We discovered that the formation of conidiophore stalks and disease propagation using spores was severely compromised in the mutant strains, whereas hyphal-mediated pathogenesis and the root infection capability of M. oryzae were completely eradicated due to MoSch9 deleted mutants’ inability to form an appressorium-like structure. Most importantly, the functional and transcriptomic study of wild-type and MoSch9 mutant strains showed that MoSch9 plays a regulatory role in cold stress tolerance of M. oryzae through the transcription regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis, ATP hydrolyzing, and cell wall integrity proteins during osmotic stress and cold temperatures. From these results, we conclude that MoSch9 is essential for fungal infection-related morphogenesis and overwintering of M. oryzae.
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Zhang G, Zhang J, Yao Z, Shi Y, Xu C, Shao L, Jiang L, Li M, Tong Y, Wang Y. Time-series gene expression patterns and their characteristics of Beauveria bassiana in the process of infecting pest insects. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1274-1286. [PMID: 35781725 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana has been widely used as an important biological control fungus for agricultural and forest pests, and clarifying the interaction mechanism between B. bassiana and its host will help to better exert the efficacy of the mycoinsecticide. Here, we proposed a novel pattern analysis (PA) method for analyzing time-series data and applied it to a transcriptomic data set of B. bassiana infecting Galleria mellonella. We screened out 14 patterns including 868 genes, which had some characteristics that were not inferior to differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Compared with the previous analysis of this data set, we had three novel discoveries during B. bassiana infection, including overall downregulation of gene expression, the more critical first 24 h, and enrichment of regulatory functions of downregulated genes. Our new PA method promises to be an important complement to DEGs analysis for time-series transcriptomic data, and our findings enrich our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of fungal-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,School of Biological Engineering/Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui, China.,Shandong Tobacco Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering/Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China.,Anhui Shanhe Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd., Huainan, China
| | - Zhuo Yao
- Jinan Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Shi
- School of Computer Science/School of Electronic Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lvyi Shao
- School of Biological Engineering/Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Maoye Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Tong
- School of Computer Science/School of Electronic Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Isolates of Beauveria bassiana of Neotropical Origin. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0026722. [PMID: 35658535 PMCID: PMC9302176 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00267-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a well-known entomopathogenic fungus, has a worldwide distribution; however, genomes of isolates from the Neotropical region are scarce. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of eight B. bassiana isolates from Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Honduras.
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Wang H, Peng H, Li W, Cheng P, Gong M. The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705343. [PMID: 34512581 PMCID: PMC8430825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China.,College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
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Shin TY, Lee MR, Lee SJ, Kim JC, Kim S, Park SE, Kim WJ, Kim JS. Gene-disruption of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana incubated with dsRNA. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:642-651. [PMID: 33983639 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The species of Beauveria bassiana is widely used for the management of agricultural insect pests. In this study, we integrated egfp-double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to a previously generated egfp-expressing B. bassiana transformant (Bb-egfp#3) using a protoplast integration method. The Bb-egfp#3 protoplast was mixed with the dsRNA under PEG/CaCl2 conditions and liquid-cultured in Sabouraud dextrose broth for 5 days. A control culture followed the same procedure without dsRNA. Bb-egfp#3/egfp-dsRNA cultures showed very low fungal growth (OD630 = 0.2) compared to the control culture, Bb-egfp#3 only (OD630 = 1.1). Screening of possible transformants on Sabouraud dextrose agar revealed a transformant T3, without egfp signal. T3 was confirmed as B. bassiana through sequencing of conserved genes and insect bioassays. Interestingly, the genomic egfp fragment of T3 was disrupted, and the egfp signal was not detected over four subcultures, which was also confirmed by RNA-seq of Bb-egfp#3 and T3. This study provides an interesting observation that protoplast integration with dsRNA could possibly generate significantly reduced gene expression in B. bassiana and it is stable across several generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Kim S, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Lee MR, Park SE, Li D, Baek S, Shin TY, Kim JS. Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when interacting with cuticles of western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:836. [PMID: 33246406 PMCID: PMC7694944 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection. Results The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836. Conclusion The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07253-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0700, USA
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Dongwei Li
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Sehyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea.
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Kim S, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Lee MR, Park SE, Li D, Baek S, Shin TY, Gasmi L, Kim JS. Soil Application of Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-314 Granules to Control, Flower Chafer Beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:139-147. [PMID: 32363042 PMCID: PMC7178818 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1735765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae, particularly white grubs are considered among the most harmful coleopteran insect pests in turfgrass. In this work, sixteen entomopathogenic fungal species were assayed against flower chafer beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-314 showed high virulence. The control ability of the isolate JEF-314 has been in detail tested for a model insect flower chafer beetle. Further analyses showed insect stage-dependent virulence where the fungal virulence was the highest against smaller instar larvae. Additionally, we confirmed that millet-based solid cultured granule was effective against the soil-dwelling larval stage. The isolate also showed a similar ability for a representative pest (Popillia spp.) in laboratory conditions. Our results clearly suggest a high potential of M. anisopliae JEF-314 to control the flower chafer beetle, possibly resulting in controlling of root-feeding white grubs in turfgrass. Based on the insect life cycle and susceptibility to the fungus, late spring and summer time would be the optimum time to apply JEF-314 granules for an effective control. Further characterization of the efficacy of the fungus under field conditions against the Scarabaeidae beetles might provide an efficient tool to control this beetle in an environment-friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwei Li
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Laila Gasmi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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