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Kim K, Song J, Park D, Park J. Hierarchical Organization and Adjustment of Force Coordination in Response to Self-Triggered and External-Triggered Cues in Simulated Archery Performance. J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:323-332. [PMID: 38942418 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hierarchical organization of digit force production and its effect on stability and performance during the simulated archery task. The simulated archery shooting task required the production of a prescribed level of force in virtual space with the left hand and an equivalent force with all 4 fingers of right hand. A single trial had 2 phases, including static force production as aiming in archery and quick force release to shoot the virtual arrow. The timing of the force release was determined by the participant's choice or response to the external cue. The coordination indices, that is, the synergy index, of force stabilization were quantified in 2 hierarchies by decomposing the variance components. The accuracy and precision of the hit position of the virtual arrow were calculated as performance-related indices. The results confirmed that the precision, that is, reproducibility, of the performance was greater when the force release time was determined by the self-selected time, suggesting the beneficial effect of the anticipatory mechanism. There was a distinct synergistic organization of digit forces for the stabilization of net forces in both bimanual and multifinger levels, which was especially correlated with the precision of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kim
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junkyung Song
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dawon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of AI-Integrated Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Krajewski KT, Johnson CC, Ahamed NU, Moir GL, Mi Q, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. Recruit-aged adults may preferentially weight task goals over deleterious cost functions during short duration loaded and imposed gait tasks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4910. [PMID: 36966216 PMCID: PMC10039906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal motor control that is stable and adaptable to perturbation is reflected in the temporal arrangement and regulation of gait variability. Load carriage and forced-marching are common military relevant perturbations to gait that have been implicated in the high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in military populations. We investigated the interactive effects of load magnitude and locomotion pattern on motor variability, stride regulation and spatiotemporal complexity during gait in recruit-aged adults. We further investigated the influences of sex and task duration. Healthy adults executed trials of running and forced-marching with and without loads at 10% above their gait transition velocity. Spatiotemporal parameters were analyzed using a goal equivalent manifold approach. With load and forced-marching, individuals used a greater array of motor solutions to execute the task goal (maintain velocity). Stride-to-stride regulation became stricter as the task progressed. Participants exhibited optimal spatiotemporal complexity with significant but not meaningful differences between sexes. With the introduction of load carriage and forced-marching, individuals relied on a strategy that maximizes and regulates motor solutions that achieve the task goal of velocity specifically but compete with other task functions. The appended cost penalties may have deleterious effects during prolonged execution, potentially increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen T Krajewski
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Camille C Johnson
- Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nizam U Ahamed
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gavin L Moir
- Exercise Science Department, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Qi Mi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Anderst
- Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Connaboy
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Xu D, Shin N, Lee S, Park J. Frequency-Dependent Effects on Coordination and Prefrontal Hemodynamics During Finger Force Production Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:721679. [PMID: 34733144 PMCID: PMC8558484 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.721679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral stability partially depends on the variability of net outcomes by means of the co-varied adjustment of individual elements such as multi-finger forces. The properties of cyclic actions affect stability and variability of the performance as well as the activation of the prefrontal cortex that is an origin of subcortical structure for the coordinative actions. Little research has been done on the issue of the relationship between stability and neuronal response. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in the neural response, particularly at the prefrontal cortex, to the frequencies of isometric cyclic finger force production. The main experimental task was to produce finger forces while matching the produced force to sine-wave templates as accurately as possible. Also, the hemodynamics responses of the prefrontal cortex, including oxy-hemoglobin concentration (ΔHbO) and the functional connectivity, were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The frequency conditions comprised 0.1, 1, and 2 Hz. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach was applied to compute synergy indices in time-series. The relative phase (RP), the coefficient of variation (CV) of the peak and trough force values were computed as the indices of performance accuracy. The statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was implemented to compare the synergy indices of three frequency conditions in time-series. A less accurate performance in the high-frequency condition was caused not by the RP, but mainly by the inconsistent peak force values (CV; p < 0.01, η p 2 = 0.90). The SPM analysis revealed that the synergy indices were larger in the low-frequency than in high-frequency conditions. Further, the ΔHbO remained unchanged under all frequency conditions, while the functional connectivity decreased with an increase in the frequency of cyclic force production. The current results suggested that the concurrent activation of the prefrontal region mainly depends on the frequency of cyclic force production, which was associated with the strength of stability indices and performance errors. The current study is the first work to uncover the effect of frequency on the multi-finger synergies as to the hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex, which possibly provides a clue of the neural mechanism of synergy formation and its changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Xu
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Narae Shin
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
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Honarvar S, Caminita M, Ehsani H, Kwon HJ, Diaz-Mercado Y, Hahn JO, Kiemel T, Shim JK. Interpersonal motor synergy: coworking strategy depends on task constraints. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1698-1709. [PMID: 34644124 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of task constraints on interpersonal interactions. Twenty-one pairs of coworkers performed a finger force production task on force sensors placed at two ends of a seesaw-like apparatus and matched a combined target force of 20 N for 23 s over 10 trials. There were two experimental conditions: 1) FIXED: the seesaw apparatus was mechanically held in place so that the only task constraint was to match the 20 N resultant force, and 2) MOVING: the lever in the apparatus was allowed to rotate freely around its fulcrum, acting like a seesaw, so an additional task constraint to (implicitly) balance the resultant moment was added. We hypothesized that the additional task constraint of moment stabilization imposed on the MOVING condition would deteriorate task performance compared with the FIXED condition; however, this was rejected, as the performance of the force matching task was similar between two conditions. We also hypothesized that the central nervous systems (CNSs) would employ distinct coworking strategies or interpersonal motor synergy (IPMS) between conditions to satisfy different task constraints, which was supported by our results. Negative covariance between coworker's forces in the FIXED condition suggested a force stabilization strategy, whereas positive covariance in the MOVING condition suggested a moment stabilization strategy, implying that independent CNSs adopt distinct IPMSs depending on task constraints. We speculate that in the absence of a central neural controller, shared visual and mechanical connections between coworkers may suffice to trigger modulations in the cerebellum of each CNS to satisfy competing task constraints.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the coworking behavior or IPMS when an additional task constraint is imposed. Our proposed analytical framework quantifies IPMS and allows for investigating variability in offline (i.e., across multiple repetitions) and online (i.e., across time) control, which is novel in coworking research. Understanding variability while performing a task is essential, as repeating a task is not always possible, as in therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Honarvar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Mia Caminita
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hossein Ehsani
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hyun Jun Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Yancy Diaz-Mercado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jin-Oh Hahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Tim Kiemel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Program in Neuroscience & Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jae Kun Shim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Program in Neuroscience & Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
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Song J, Kim K, Park J. Do Tangential Finger Forces Utilize Mechanical Advantage During Moment of Force production? J Mot Behav 2020; 53:558-574. [PMID: 32862799 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1811196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the beneficial effects of the utilization of mechanical advantage (MA) of finger tangential forces during the moment production. Subjects produced the resistive moment of force against the external torque while the moment arms of the tangential forces were systematically changed. We observed a relatively large contribution to the net moment by the tangential forces with the increased moment arms, whereas the vector sum of normal and tangential forces decreased. The indices of multi-finger coordination for the stabilization of the moment of forces and force direction increased with the moment arms. The current results provide evidence that the utilization of MA is associated with both the efficiency of force production and the stabilization of performance variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkyung Song
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kong J, Kim K, Joung HJ, Chung CY, Park J. Effects of spastic cerebral palsy on multi-finger coordination during isometric force production tasks. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3281-3295. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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