1
|
De Falco F, Perillo A, Del Piero F, Del Prete C, Zizzo N, Marcus I, Roperto S. ERAS Is Constitutively Expressed in the Tissues of Adult Horses and May Be a Key Player in Basal Autophagy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:818294. [PMID: 35685342 PMCID: PMC9171053 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.818294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ERas is a new gene of the Ras family found in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. Its human ortholog is not expressed in human ES cells. So far ERas gene has only been found to be expressed in the tissues of adult cynomolgus monkeys and cattle; however, information about ERAS expression or its potential functions in equine tissues is lacking. This study was performed to investigate whether Eras is an equine functional gene and whether ERAS is expressed in the tissues of adult horses and determine its potential physiological role. Expression of the ERas gene was detected in all examined adult tissues, and the RT-PCR assay revealed ERAS transcripts. Protein expression was also detected by Western blot analysis. Quantitative real time RT-qPCR analysis revealed that different expression levels of ERAS transcripts were most highly expressed in the testis. Immunohistochemically, ERAS was found to be localized prevalently in the plasmatic membrane as well as cytoplasm of the cells. ERAS was a physical partner of activated PDGFβR leading to the AKT signaling. ERAS was found to interact with a network of proteins (BAG3, CHIP, Hsc70/Hsp70, HspB8, Synpo2, and p62) known to play a role in the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), which is also known as BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy, an adaptive mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, ERAS was found to interact with parkin. PINK1, BNIP3, laforin. All these proteins are known to play a role in parkin-dependent and -independent mitophagy. This is the first study demonstrating that Eras is a functional gene, and that ERAS is constitutively expressed in the tissues of adult horses. ERAS appears to play a physiological role in cellular proteostasis maintenance, thus mitigating the proteotoxicity of accumulated misfolded proteins and contributing to protection against disease. Finally, it is conceivable that activation of AKT pathway by PDGFRs promotes actin reorganization, directed cell movements, stimulation of cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Perillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory-LADDL, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Ioan Marcus
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sante Roperto ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-5519
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pose Lapausa P, Soria Comes T, Calabria I, Maestu Maiques I. Molecular Characterization, Via Next-Generation Sequencing, of Refractory or Resistant Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e19528. [PMID: 34934548 PMCID: PMC8668050 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
3
|
ERAS, a Member of the Ras Superfamily, Acts as an Oncoprotein in the Mammary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215588. [PMID: 34771750 PMCID: PMC8582886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genes of the RAS family are among the group of genes most frequently mutated in human cancer. ERAS is a relatively unknown gene of this family. Although ERAS is overexpressed in some tumoral samples and in several cancer cell lines of human origin, it is not known if its expression drives tumor formation or if, alternatively, its expression is a secondary event in tumoral transformation. In this report, in order to clarify the role of ERAS in mammary tumorigenesis, we studied transgenic mice expressing ERAS in myoepithelial cells of mammary and other exocrine glands and in basal cells of stratified epithelia. These mice displayed an altered development and function of the mammary glands, and suffered high-frequency tumoral lesions in the mammary glands resembling a rare human breast tumor named malignant adenomyoepithelioma. Our results clearly demonstrate that ERAS is a true oncogene able to produce mammary tumors when inappropriately expressed. Abstract ERAS is a relatively uncharacterized gene of the Ras superfamily. It is expressed in ES cells and in the first stages of embryonic development; later on, it is silenced in the majority of cell types and tissues. Although there are several reports showing ERAS expression in tumoral cell lines and human tumor samples, it is unknown if ERAS deregulated expression is enough to drive tumor development. In this report, we have generated transgenic mice expressing ERAS in myoepithelial basal cells of the mammary gland and in basal cells of stratified epithelia. In spite of the low level of ERAS expression, these transgenic mice showed phenotypic alterations resembling overgrowth syndromes caused by the activation of the AKT-PI3K pathway. In addition, their mammary glands present developmental and functional disabilities accompanied by morphological and biochemical alterations in the myoepithelial cells. These mice suffer from tumoral transformation in the mammary glands with high incidence. These mammary tumors resemble, both histologically and by the expression of differentiation markers, malignant adenomyoepitheliomas. In sum, our results highlight the importance of ERAS silencing in adult tissues and define a truly oncogenic role for ERAS in mammary gland cells when inappropriately expressed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Narayan V, McMahon M, O'Brien JJ, McAllister F, Buffenstein R. Insights into the Molecular Basis of Genome Stability and Pristine Proteostasis in Naked Mole-Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:287-314. [PMID: 34424521 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is the longest-lived rodent, with a maximal reported lifespan of 37 years. In addition to its long lifespan - which is much greater than predicted based on its small body size (longevity quotient of ~4.2) - naked mole-rats are also remarkably healthy well into old age. This is reflected in a striking resistance to tumorigenesis and minimal declines in cardiovascular, neurological and reproductive function in older animals. Over the past two decades, researchers have been investigating the molecular mechanisms regulating the extended life- and health- span of this animal, and since the sequencing and assembly of the naked mole-rat genome in 2011, progress has been rapid. Here, we summarize findings from published studies exploring the unique molecular biology of the naked mole-rat, with a focus on mechanisms and pathways contributing to genome stability and maintenance of proteostasis during aging. We also present new data from our laboratory relevant to the topic and discuss our findings in the context of the published literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary McMahon
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silencing of Nek2 suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating ERK/MAPK signaling. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:809-821. [PMID: 34009515 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a frequent cancer among women. The current study investigated the biological functions of Nek2 in breast cancer and its possible mechanism. The mRNA expression of Nek2 in breast epithelial cells and eight breast cancer cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Silencing Nek2 was transfected into MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells to examine its roles in the viability, migration, invasion, cell colony, apoptosis and cell cycle of the breast cancer cells by performing CCK-8, wound scratch, Transwell, clone formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expressions of related genes were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot. MAPK pathway agonist IGF (insulin-like growth factor-1) was added into MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells and then cell viability was examined. Nek2 expression was frequently up-regulated in breast cancer cell lines, and silencing Nek2 significantly inhibited the viability, cell migration, invasion and clone formation, promoted cell apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells, and arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, knocking down Nek2 decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, CyclinB1 and CyclinD1, and increased Bax and p27 expressions. Moreover, knocking down Nek2 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and p38, and almost completely reversed the expression of p-ERK increased by IGF, but Nek2 knockdown had no obvious effect on p-p38. The inhibitory effect of Nek2 silencing on the cell viability was mainly realized by the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signaling. Nek2 plays an important role in the regulation of the progression of breast cancer in vitro probably through regulating the ERK/MAPK signaling.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bera A, Russ E, Manoharan MS, Eidelman O, Eklund M, Hueman M, Pollard HB, Hu H, Shriver CD, Srivastava M. Proteomic Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated With Breast Cancer Recurrence. Mil Med 2020; 185:669-675. [PMID: 32074342 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer detected for women, and while our ability to treat breast cancer has improved substantially over the years, recurrence remains a major obstacle. Standard screening for new and recurrent breast cancer involves clinical breast imaging. However, there is no clinically approved noninvasive body fluid test for the early detection of recurrent breast cancer. Materials and Method: In this study, we analyzed serum samples from both recurrent and nonrecurrent breast cancer patients by different proteomics methods to identify biomarkers in patients with recurrence of disease. RESULTS Comparative data analysis identified several histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which were found at significantly higher levels in the serum of recurrent breast cancer patients: HDAC9 (C-term) (P = 0.0035), HDAC5 (C-term) (P = 0.013), small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (N-term) (P = 0.017), embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (inter) (P = 0.018), and HDAC7 (C-term) (P = 0.020). Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of the breast cancer recurrence, and we identified several proinflammatory cytokines that were present at elevated levels only in recurrent breast cancer patient serum. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory processes plays a critical role in breast cancer recurrence. The identified proteins could lay the groundwork for the development of a serum-based breast cancer recurrence assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Eric Russ
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Muthu Saravanan Manoharan
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Ofer Eidelman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Matthew Hueman
- Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University/Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4494 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | - Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Hai Hu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine at Windber, 620 7th Street, Windber, PA 15963
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University/Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4494 North Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu JL, Yuan L, Tang YC, Xu ZY, Xu HD, Cheng XD, Qin JJ. The Role of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:621428. [PMID: 33344463 PMCID: PMC7744622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Drug resistance is the main inevitable and vital factor leading to a low 5-year survival rate for patients with gastric cancer. Autophagy, as a highly conserved homeostatic pathway, is mainly regulated by different proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and plays dual roles in drug resistance of gastric cancer. Thus, targeting key regulatory nodes in the process of autophagy by small molecule inhibitors or activators has become one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of gastric cancer in recent years. In this review, we provide a systematic summary focusing on the relationship between autophagy and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer. We comprehensively discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of multiple proteins and the emerging ncRNAs including miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy pathways and gastric cancer chemoresistance. We also summarize the regulatory effects of autophagy inhibitor and activators on gastric cancer chemoresistance. Understanding the vital roles of autophagy in gastric cancer chemoresistance will provide novel opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Dong Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weber J, Braun CJ, Saur D, Rad R. In vivo functional screening for systems-level integrative cancer genomics. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:573-593. [PMID: 32636489 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the genetic portraits of all major human malignancies now available, we next face the challenge of characterizing the function of mutated genes, their downstream targets, interactions and molecular networks. Moreover, poorly understood at the functional level are also non-mutated but dysregulated genomes, epigenomes or transcriptomes. Breakthroughs in manipulative mouse genetics offer new opportunities to probe the interplay of molecules, cells and systemic signals underlying disease pathogenesis in higher organisms. Herein, we review functional screening strategies in mice using genetic perturbation and chemical mutagenesis. We outline the spectrum of genetic tools that exist, such as transposons, CRISPR and RNAi and describe discoveries emerging from their use. Genome-wide or targeted screens are being used to uncover genomic and regulatory landscapes in oncogenesis, metastasis or drug resistance. Versatile screening systems support experimentation in diverse genetic and spatio-temporal settings to integrate molecular, cellular or environmental context-dependencies. We also review the combination of in vivo screening and barcoding strategies to study genetic interactions and quantitative cancer dynamics during tumour evolution. These scalable functional genomics approaches are transforming our ability to interrogate complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weber
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian J Braun
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Qin P, Wu R, Du L, Li F. ERas regulates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by affecting Erk/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1186-1196. [PMID: 32700262 PMCID: PMC7505876 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common lethal malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. ERas, a novel Ras family member, was first identified in murine embryonic stem cells and is upregulated in various cancers. However, the expression and potential role of ERas in pancreatic cancer have not been investigated. In this study, we found that ERas mRNA and protein were upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells compared with controls. Knockdown of ERas in pancreatic cancer cells by siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor progression. We observed a significant decrease in N-cadherin expression in pancreatic cancer cells in response to ERas gene silencing by immunofluorescence assay and western blot. Furthermore, tumor growth and EMT were inhibited in xenografts derived from pancreatic cancer cells with ERas downregulation. We further investigated the regulatory mechanisms of ERas in pancreatic cancer and found that ERas may activate the Erk/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, Erk inhibitor decreased pancreatic cancer cells proliferation and colony formation activities. Our data suggest that targeting ERas and its relevant signaling pathways might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian H, Wang W, Meng X, Wang M, Tan J, Jia W, Li P, Li J, Zhou Q. ERas Enhances Resistance to Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:375. [PMID: 32083074 PMCID: PMC7005724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), a common type of malignant cancer, remains the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite developments in the treatment of GC, the prognosis remains poor. Embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (ERas), a novel member of the Ras protein family, has recently been identified as an oncogene involved in the tumorigenic growth of embryonic stem cells. A recent study reported that ERas is expressed in most GC cell lines and GC specimens, and it promotes tumorigenicity in GC through induction of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here, we found that ERas blocked autophagy flux in BGC-823 and AGS GC cells, which may occur through activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, ERas overexpression suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and rapamycin treatment significantly attenuated ERas-mediated cisplatin resistance in GC cells. These data suggest that ERas may be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcomes of GC patients by regulating the autophagy process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyang Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Peining Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jianshuang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heo J, Noh B, Lee S, Lee H, Kim Y, Lim J, Ju H, Yu HY, Ryu C, Lee PCW, Jeong H, Oh Y, Kim K, Kim S, Son J, Hong B, Kim JS, Cho YM, Shin D. Phosphorylation of TFCP2L1 by CDK1 is required for stem cell pluripotency and bladder carcinogenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10880. [PMID: 31709755 PMCID: PMC6949511 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular programs involved in embryogenesis are frequently upregulated in oncogenic dedifferentiation and metastasis. However, their precise roles and regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed that CDK1 phosphorylation of TFCP2L1, a pluripotency-associated transcription factor, orchestrated pluripotency and cell-cycling in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and was aberrantly activated in aggressive bladder cancers (BCs). In murine ESCs, the protein interactome and transcription targets of Tfcp2l1 indicated its involvement in cell cycle regulation. Tfcp2l1 was phosphorylated at Thr177 by Cdk1, which affected ESC cell cycle progression, pluripotency, and differentiation. The CDK1-TFCP2L1 pathway was activated in human BC cells, stimulating their proliferation, self-renewal, and invasion. Lack of TFCP2L1 phosphorylation impaired the tumorigenic potency of BC cells in a xenograft model. In patients with BC, high co-expression of TFCP2L1 and CDK1 was associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics including tumor grade, lymphovascular and muscularis propria invasion, and distant metastasis and was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. These findings demonstrate the molecular and clinical significance of CDK1-mediated TFCP2L1 phosphorylation in stem cell pluripotency and in the tumorigenic stemness features associated with BC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbeom Heo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Byeong‐Joo Noh
- Department of PathologyGangneung Asan HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineGangneungKorea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hye‐Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - YongHwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hyein Ju
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hwan Yeul Yu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Chae‐Min Ryu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Peter CW Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Hwangkyo Jeong
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sang‐Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence MedicineAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Bumsik Hong
- Department of UrologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Jong Soo Kim
- Department of Stem Cell BiologySchool of MedicineKonkuk UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of PathologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Dong‐Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genetic determinants of the molecular portraits of epithelial cancers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5666. [PMID: 31827079 PMCID: PMC6906458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to characterize and predict tumor phenotypes is crucial to precision medicine. In this study, we present an integrative computational approach using a genome-wide association analysis and an Elastic Net prediction method to analyze the relationship between DNA copy number alterations and an archive of gene expression signatures. Across breast cancers, we are able to quantitatively predict many gene signatures levels within individual tumors with high accuracy based upon DNA copy number features alone, including proliferation status and Estrogen-signaling pathway activity. We can also predict many other key phenotypes, including intrinsic molecular subtypes, estrogen receptor status, and TP53 mutation. This approach is also applied to TCGA Pan-Cancer, which identify repeatedly predictable signatures across tumor types including immune features in lung squamous and basal-like breast cancers. These Elastic Net DNA predictors could also be called from DNA-based gene panels, thus facilitating their use as biomarkers to guide therapeutic decision making. Effective precision medicine strategies rely on the ability to predict tumour behaviour based on molecular characteristics. Here, the authors build models to predict multiple distinct gene expression patterns using DNA copy number alterations
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanas AS, Sigin VO, Kalinkin AI, Litviakov NV, Slonimskaya EM, Ibragimova MK, Ignatova EO, Simonova OA, Kuznetsova EB, Kekeeva TV, Larin SS, Poddubskaya EV, Trotsenko ID, Rudenko VV, Karandasheva KO, Petrova KD, Tsyganov MM, Deryusheva IV, Kazantseva PV, Doroshenko AV, Tarabanovskaya NA, Chesnokova GG, Sekacheva MI, Nemtsova MV, Izhevskaya VL, Kutsev SI, Zaletaev DV, Strelnikov VV. Genome-wide methylotyping resolves breast cancer epigenetic heterogeneity and suggests novel therapeutic perspectives. Epigenomics 2019; 11:605-617. [PMID: 30729807 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To provide a breast cancer (BC) methylotype classification by genome-wide CpG islands bisulfite DNA sequencing. Materials & methods: XmaI-reduced representation bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation sequencing method was used to profile DNA methylation of 110 BC samples and 6 normal breast samples. Intrinsic DNA methylation BC subtypes were elicited by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, and cluster-specific differentially methylated genes were identified. Results & conclusion: Overall, six distinct BC methylotypes were identified. BC cell lines constitute a separate group extremely highly methylated at the CpG islands. In turn, primary BC samples segregate into two major subtypes, highly and moderately methylated. Highly and moderately methylated superclusters, each incorporate three distinct epigenomic BC clusters with specific features, suggesting novel perspectives for personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Tanas
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular & Cell Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Sigin
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey I Kalinkin
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Litviakov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena M Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina K Ibragimova
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O Ignatova
- Clinical Pharmacology & Chemotherapy, Federal State Budgetary institution «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Simonova
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina B Kuznetsova
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kekeeva
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S Larin
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Federal Scientific Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Poddubskaya
- Clinic of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,VitaMed LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Viktoria V Rudenko
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kseniya D Petrova
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Matvey M Tsyganov
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Deryusheva
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Polina V Kazantseva
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artem V Doroshenko
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Tarabanovskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Galina G Chesnokova
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina I Sekacheva
- Clinic of Personalized Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Nemtsova
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera L Izhevskaya
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Kutsev
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular & Cell Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zaletaev
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular & Cell Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Strelnikov
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Molecular & Cell Genetics Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|