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Busch C, Mulholland T, Zagnoni M, Dalby M, Berry C, Wheadon H. Overcoming BCR::ABL1 dependent and independent survival mechanisms in chronic myeloid leukaemia using a multi-kinase targeting approach. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:342. [PMID: 38031192 PMCID: PMC10685629 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved patient outcome using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients require life-long treatment due to leukaemic stem cell (LSC) persistence. LSCs reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, which they modify to their advantage. The BM provides oncogene-independent signals to aid LSC cell survival and quiescence. The bone-morphogenetic pathway (BMP) is one pathway identified to be highly deregulated in CML, with high levels of BMP ligands detected in the BM, accompanied by CML stem and progenitor cells overexpressing BMP type 1 receptors- activin-like kinases (ALKs), especially in TKI resistant patients. Saracatinib (SC), a SRC/ABL1 dual inhibitor, inhibits the growth of CML cells resistant to the TKI imatinib (IM). Recent studies indicate that SC is also a potent ALK inhibitor and BMP antagonist. Here we investigate the efficacy of SC in overcoming CML BCR::ABL1 dependent and independent signals mediated by the BM niche both in 2D and 3D culture. METHODS CML cells (K562 cell line and CML CD34+ primary cells) were treated with single or combination treatments of: IM, SC and the BMP receptors inhibitor dorsomorphin (DOR), with or without BMP4 stimulation in 2D (suspension) and 3D co-culture on HS5 stroma cell line and mesenchymal stem cells in AggreWell and microfluidic devices. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis, cell cycle progression and proliferation, alongside colony assays following treatment. Proteins changes were validated by immunoblotting and transcriptional changes by Fluidigm multiplex qPCR. RESULTS By targeting the BMP pathway, using specific inhibitors against ALKs in combination with SRC and ABL TKIs, we show an increase in apoptosis, altered cell cycle regulation, fewer cell divisions, and reduced numbers of CD34+ cells. Impairment of long-term proliferation and differentiation potential after combinatorial treatment also occurred. CONCLUSION BMP signalling pathway is important for CML cell survival. Targeting SRC, ABL and ALK kinases is more effective than ABL inhibition alone, the combination efficacy importantly being demonstrated in both 2D and 3D cell cultures highlighting the need for combinatorial therapies in contrast to standard of care single agents. Our study provides justification to target multiple kinases in CML to combat LSC persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Busch
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Theresa Mulholland
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
| | - Matthew Dalby
- Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
| | - Catherine Berry
- Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
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Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Du J, Wang T, Li Y, Zeng W. Application of stem cells in engineered vascular graft and vascularized organs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:31-40. [PMID: 36411157 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report that stem cell therapies have been applied successfully to patients, This has increased anticipations that this regeneration strategy could be a potential method to treat a wide range of intractable diseases some day. Stem cells offer new prospects for the treatment of incurable diseases and for tissue regeneration and repairation because of their unique biological properties. Angiogenesis a key process in tissue regeneration and repairation. Vascularization of organs is one of the main challenges hindering the clinical application of engineered tissues. Efficient production of engineered vascular grafts and vascularized organs is of critical importance for regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on the types of stem cells that are widely used in tissue engineering and regeneration, as well as their application of these stem cells in the construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts and vascularization of tissue-engineered organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression in Quiescence in S. cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010559. [PMID: 36542663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon glucose starvation, S. cerevisiae shows a dramatic alteration in transcription, resulting in wide-scale repression of most genes and activation of some others. This coincides with an arrest of cellular proliferation. A subset of such cells enters quiescence, a reversible non-dividing state. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved transcriptional corepressor Tup1 is critical for transcriptional repression after glucose depletion. We show that Tup1-Ssn6 binds new targets upon glucose depletion, where it remains as the cells enter the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, we show that Tup1 represses a variety of glucose metabolism and transport genes. We explored how Tup1 mediated repression is accomplished and demonstrated that Tup1 coordinates with the Rpd3L complex to deacetylate H3K23. We found that Tup1 coordinates with Isw2 to affect nucleosome positions at glucose transporter HXT family genes during G0. Finally, microscopy revealed that a quarter of cells with a Tup1 deletion contain multiple DAPI puncta. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the role of Tup1 in transcriptional reprogramming in response to environmental cues leading to the quiescent state.
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Yu G, Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Ding X, Zhou X. Roles of transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) family proteins in tumorigenesis and immune regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1010639. [PMID: 36438567 PMCID: PMC9692235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1010639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian transducin-like enhancer of split family proteins (TLEs) are homologous to Drosophila Groucho (Gro) and are essential transcriptional repressors. Seven TLE family members, TLE1-7, have been identified to date. These proteins do not bind DNA directly; instead, they bind a set of transcription factors and thereby inhibit target gene expression. Loss of TLEs in mice usually leads to defective early development; however, TLE functions in developmentally mature cells are unclear. Recent studies have revealed that TLEs are dysregulated in certain human cancer types and may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different contexts. TLE levels also affect the efficacy of cancer treatments and the development of drug resistance. In addition, TLEs play critical roles in the development and function of immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes. In this review, we provide updates on the expression, function, and mechanism of TLEs; discuss the roles played by TLEs in tumorigenesis and the inflammatory response; and elaborate on several TLE-associated signaling pathways, including the Notch, Wnt, and MAPK pathways. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for targeting TLEs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yuwen Hu
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nantong University, School of Medicine, Nantong, China
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Bou-Rouphael J, Durand BC. T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784998. [PMID: 34901027 PMCID: PMC8651982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first discovery in the late 90s, Wnt canonical signaling has been demonstrated to affect a large variety of neural developmental processes, including, but not limited to, embryonic axis formation, neural proliferation, fate determination, and maintenance of neural stem cells. For decades, studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling the activity of β-catenin, the sole mediator of Wnt transcriptional response. More recently, the spotlight of research is directed towards the last cascade component, the T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-Enhancer binding Factor (LEF), and more specifically, the TCF/LEF-mediated switch from transcriptional activation to repression, which in both embryonic blastomeres and mouse embryonic stem cells pushes the balance from pluri/multipotency towards differentiation. It has been long known that Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) is the main co-repressor partner of TCF/LEF. More recently, other TCF/LEF-interacting partners have been identified, including the pro-neural BarH-Like 2 (BARHL2), which belongs to the evolutionary highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. This review describes the activities and regulatory modes of TCF/LEF as transcriptional repressors, with a specific focus on the functions of Barhl2 in vertebrate brain development. Specific attention is given to the transcriptional events leading to formation of the Organizer, as well as the roles and regulations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth of the caudal forebrain. We present TCF/LEF activities in both embryonic and neural stem cells and discuss how alterations of this pathway could lead to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béatrice C. Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Yu XW, Li TT, Du XM, Shen QY, Zhang MF, Wei YD, Yang DH, Xu WJ, Chen WB, Bai CL, Li XL, Li GP, Li N, Peng S, Liao MZ, Hua JL. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals atlas of dairy goat testis cells. Zool Res 2021; 42:401-405. [PMID: 34047080 PMCID: PMC8317185 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tong-Tong Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Min Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Dong Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chun-Ling Bai
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xue-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Guang-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Ming-Zhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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Wang Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Peng Q, Li H, Zhang X, Su Z, Song J, Sun Q, Sayed S, Liu S, Lu D. The CK1δ/ε-AES axis regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4421-4435. [PMID: 33754069 PMCID: PMC7977458 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amino-terminal enhancer of split (AES) has been identified as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in some cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), but very little is known about the regulation of AES expression. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of AES, CK1δ and CK1ε. The co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, Western Blot, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to study the mechanism underlying the regulation of AES expression by CK1δ/ε. The biological function was assessed by in vitro colony formation, transwell, sphere formation, tumor organoids, in vivo tumor metastasis model and patient-derived colorectal tumor xenografts (PDTX) model. Results: A strong inverse relationship was observed between the expression of AES and the expression of CK1δ/ε. Mechanically, AES could interact with CK1δ/ε and SKP2 using its Q domain. SKP2 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of AES in a CK1δ/ε-dependent manner. CK1δ/ε phosphorylated AES at Ser121 and accelerated the SKP2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of AES. In colon cancer cells, CK1δ/ε antagonized the effect of wild-type AES but not that of its mutant (S121A) on Wnt and Notch signaling, leading to an increase in the expression of Wnt target genes and Notch target genes. By downregulating the expression of AES, CK1δ/ε enhanced anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion and sphere formation in colon cancer cells. CK1δ/ε also promoted the growth of APCmin/+ colorectal tumor organoids and liver metastasis in colon cancer mouse models through the regulation of AES degradation. Furthermore, CK1 inhibitor SR3029 treatment suppressed tumor growth via stabilizing AES in APCmin/+ colorectal tumor organoids and patient-derived colorectal tumor xenografts (PDTX). Conclusions: Our results revealed that the CK1δ/ε-AES axis is important for CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis, and targeted inhibition of this axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Sasai N, Kadoya M, Ong Lee Chen A. Neural induction: Historical views and application to pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:26-37. [PMID: 33289091 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a useful experimental material to recapitulate the differentiation steps of early embryos, which are usually invisible and inaccessible from outside of the body, especially in mammals. ES cells have greatly facilitated the analyses of gene expression profiles and cell characteristics. In addition, understanding the mechanisms during neural differentiation is important for clinical purposes, such as developing new therapeutic methods or regenerative medicine. As neurons have very limited regenerative ability, neurodegenerative diseases are usually intractable, and patients suffer from the disease throughout their lifetimes. The functional cells generated from ES cells in vitro could replace degenerative areas by transplantation. In this review, we will first demonstrate the historical views and widely accepted concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms of neural induction and positional information to produce the specific types of neurons in model animals. Next, we will describe how these concepts have recently been applied to the research in the establishment of the methodology of neural differentiation from mammalian ES cells. Finally, we will focus on examples of the applications of differentiation systems to clinical purposes. Overall, the discussion will focus on how historical developmental studies are applied to state-of-the-art stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Minori Kadoya
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Agnes Ong Lee Chen
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of Taiwanese colorectal cancer implicates an ethnic basis for pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4526. [PMID: 32161294 PMCID: PMC7066141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. While both genetic and environmental factors have been linked to the incidence and mortality associated with CRC, an ethnic aspect of its etiology has also emerged. Since previous large-scale cancer genomics studies are mostly based on samples of European ancestry, the patterns of clinical events and associated mechanisms in other minority ethnic patients suffering from CRC are largely unexplored. We collected 104 paired and adjacent normal tissue and CRC tumor samples from Taiwanese patients and employed an integrated approach - paired expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) combined with transcriptome-wide network analyses - to catalog the molecular signatures of this regional cohort. On the basis of this dataset, which is the largest ever reported for this type of systems analysis, we made the following key discoveries: (1) In comparison to the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, the Taiwanese CRC tumors show similar perturbations in expressed genes but a distinct enrichment in metastasis-associated pathways. (2) Recurrent as well as novel CRC-associated gene fusions were identified based on the sequencing data. (3) Cancer subtype classification using existing tools reveals a comparable distribution of tumor subtypes between Taiwanese cohort and TCGA datasets; however, this similarity in molecular attributes did not translate into the predicted subtype-related clinical outcomes (i.e., death event). (4) To further elucidate the molecular basis of CRC prognosis, we developed a new stratification strategy based on miRNA-mRNA-associated subtyping (MMAS) and consequently showed that repressed WNT signaling activity is associated with poor prognosis in Taiwanese CRC. In summary, our findings of distinct, hitherto unreported biosignatures underscore the heterogeneity of CRC tumorigenesis, support our hypothesis of an ethnic basis of disease, and provide prospects for translational medicine.
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