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Turrini L, Ricci P, Sorelli M, de Vito G, Marchetti M, Vanzi F, Pavone FS. Two-photon all-optical neurophysiology for the dissection of larval zebrafish brain functional and effective connectivity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1261. [PMID: 39367042 PMCID: PMC11452506 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most audacious goals of modern neuroscience is unraveling the complex web of causal relations underlying the activity of neuronal populations on a whole-brain scale. This endeavor, which was prohibitive only a couple of decades ago, has recently become within reach owing to the advancements in optical methods and the advent of genetically encoded indicators/actuators. These techniques, applied to the translucent larval zebrafish have enabled recording and manipulation of the activity of extensive neuronal populations spanning the entire vertebrate brain. Here, we present a custom two-photon optical system that couples light-sheet imaging and 3D excitation with acousto-optic deflectors for simultaneous high-speed volumetric recording and optogenetic stimulation. By employing a zebrafish line with pan-neuronal expression of both the calcium reporter GCaMP6s and the red-shifted opsin ReaChR, we implemented a crosstalk-free, noninvasive all-optical approach and applied it to reconstruct the functional and effective connectivity of the left habenula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Turrini
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ricci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele Sorelli
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Vito
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vanzi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Junge S, Schmieder F, Sasse P, Czarske J, Torres-Mapa ML, Heisterkamp A. Holographic optogenetic stimulation with calcium imaging as an all optical tool for cardiac electrophysiology. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100352. [PMID: 35397155 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All optical approaches to control and read out the electrical activity in a cardiac syncytium can improve our understanding of cardiac electrophysiology. Here, we demonstrate optogenetic stimulation of cardiomyocytes with high spatial precision using light foci generated with a ferroelectric spatial light modulator. Computer generated holograms binarized by bidirectional error diffusion create multiple foci with more even intensity distribution compared with thresholding approach. We evoke the electrical activity of cardiac HL1 cells expressing the channelrhodopsin-2 variant, ChR2(H134R) using single and multiple light foci and at the same time visualize the action potential using a calcium sensitive indicator called Cal-630. We show that localized regions in the cardiac monolayer can be stimulated enabling us to initiate signal propagation from a precise location. Furthermore, we demonstrate that probing the cardiac cells with multiple light foci enhances the excitability of the cardiac network. This approach opens new applications in manipulating and visualizing the electrical activity in a cardiac syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Junge
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Schmieder
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique and Competence Center Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique and Competence Center Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, School of Science and Excellence Cluster Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Leilani Torres-Mapa
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
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Lee S, Lee K, Choi M, Park J. Implantable acousto-optic window for monitoring ultrasound-mediated neuromodulation in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032203. [PMID: 35874142 PMCID: PMC9298854 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Ultrasound has recently received considerable attention in neuroscience because it provides noninvasive control of deep brain activity. Although the feasibility of ultrasound stimulation has been reported in preclinical and clinical settings, its mechanistic understanding remains limited. While optical microscopy has become the "gold standard" tool for investigating population-level neural functions in vivo, its application for ultrasound neuromodulation has been technically challenging, as most conventional ultrasonic transducers are not designed to be compatible with optical microscopy. Aim: We aimed to develop a transparent acoustic transducer based on a glass coverslip called the acousto-optic window (AOW), which simultaneously provides ultrasound neuromodulation and microscopic monitoring of neural responses in vivo. Approach: The AOW was fabricated by the serial deposition of transparent acoustic stacks on a circular glass coverslip, comprising a piezoelectric material, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene, and indium-tin-oxide electrodes. The fabricated AOW was implanted into a transgenic neural-activity reporter mouse after open craniotomy. Two-photon microscopy was used to observe neuronal activity in response to ultrasonic stimulation through the AOW. Results: The AOW allowed microscopic imaging of calcium activity in cortical neurons in response to ultrasound stimulation. The optical transparency was ∼ 40 % over the visible and near-infrared spectra, and the ultrasonic pressure was 0.035 MPa at 10 MHz corresponding to 10 mW / cm 2 . In anesthetized Gad2-GCaMP6-tdTomato mice, we observed robust ultrasound-evoked activation of inhibitory cortical neurons at depths up to 200 μ m . Conclusions: The AOW is an implantable ultrasonic transducer that is broadly compatible with optical imaging modalities. The AOW will facilitate our understanding of ultrasound neuromodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Lee
- Seoul National University, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhyung Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Seoul National University, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyoung Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Pathway-Specific Drive of Cerebellar Golgi Cells Reveals Integrative Rules of Cortical Inhibition. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1169-1181. [PMID: 30587539 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1448-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) constitute over half of all neurons in the vertebrate brain and are proposed to decorrelate convergent mossy fiber (MF) inputs in service of learning. Interneurons within the GrC layer, Golgi cells (GoCs), are the primary inhibitors of this vast population and therefore play a major role in influencing the computations performed within the layer. Despite this central function for GoCs, few studies have directly examined how GoCs integrate inputs from specific afferents, which vary in density to regulate GrC population activity. We used a variety of methods in mice of either sex to study feedforward inhibition recruited by identified MFs, focusing on features that would influence integration by GrCs. Comprehensive 3D reconstruction and quantification of GoC axonal boutons revealed tightly clustered boutons that focus feedforward inhibition in the neighborhood of GoC somata. Acute whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from GrCs in brain slices showed that, despite high GoC bouton density, fast phasic inhibition was very sparse relative to slow spillover mediated inhibition. Dynamic-clamp simulating inhibition combined with optogenetic MF activation at moderate rates supported a predominant role of slow spillover mediated inhibition in reducing GrC activity. Whole-cell recordings from GoCs revealed a role for the density of active MFs in preferentially driving them. Thus, our data provide empirical confirmation of predicted rules by which MFs activate GoCs to regulate GrC activity levels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A unifying framework in neural circuit analysis is identifying circuit motifs that subserve common computations. Wide-field inhibitory interneurons globally inhibit neighbors and have been studied extensively in the insect olfactory system and proposed to serve pattern separation functions. Cerebellar Golgi cells (GoCs), a type of mammalian wide-field inhibitory interneuron observed in the granule cell layer, are well suited to perform normalization or pattern separation functions, but the relationship between spatial characteristics of input patterns to GoC-mediated inhibition has received limited attention. This study provides unprecedented quantitative structural details of GoCs and identifies a role for population input activity levels in recruiting inhibition using in vitro electrophysiology and optogenetics.
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