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Teixeira A, Sousa-Silva M, Chícharo A, Oliveira K, Moura A, Carneiro A, Piairo P, Águas H, Sampaio-Marques B, Castro I, Mariz J, Ludovico P, Abalde-Cela S, Diéguez L. Isolation of acute myeloid leukemia blasts from blood using a microfluidic device. Analyst 2024; 149:2812-2825. [PMID: 38644740 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and associated with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, most of the patients that achieve clinical complete remission after the treatment will ultimately relapse due to the persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD), that is not measurable using conventional technologies in the clinic. Microfluidics is a potential tool to improve the diagnosis by providing early detection of MRD. Herein, different designs of microfluidic devices were developed to promote lateral and vertical mixing of cells in microchannels to increase the contact area of the cells of interest with the inner surface of the device. Possible interactions between the cells and the surface were studied using fluid simulations. For the isolation of leukemic blasts, a positive selection strategy was used, targeting the cells of interest using a panel of specific biomarkers expressed in immature and aberrant blasts. Finally, once the optimisation was complete, the best conditions were used to process patient samples for downstream analysis and benchmarking, including phenotypic and genetic characterisation. The potential of these microfluidic devices to isolate and detect AML blasts may be exploited for the monitoring of AML patients at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Teixeira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Sousa-Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
- RUBYnanomed LDA, Praça Conde de Agrolongo, 4700-312 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Chícharo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Kevin Oliveira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
| | - André Moura
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adriana Carneiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
- IPO Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulina Piairo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Águas
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Mariz
- Department of Oncohematology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Escola de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Abalde-Cela
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lorena Diéguez
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avda. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-310 Braga, Portugal.
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Yeh M, Salazar-Cavazos E, Krishnan A, Altan-Bonnet G, DeVoe DL. Probing T-cell activation in nanoliter tumor co-cultures using membrane displacement trap arrays. Integr Biol (Camb) 2024; 16:zyae014. [PMID: 39074471 PMCID: PMC11286267 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Immune responses against cancer are inherently stochastic, with small numbers of individual T cells within a larger ensemble of lymphocytes initiating the molecular cascades that lead to tumor cytotoxicity. A potential source of this intra-tumor variability is the differential ability of immune cells to respond to tumor cells. Classical microwell co-cultures of T cells and tumor cells are inadequate for reliably culturing and analyzing low cell numbers needed to probe this variability, and have failed in recapitulating the heterogeneous small domains observed in tumors. Here we leverage a membrane displacement trap array technology that overcomes limitations of conventional microwell plates for immunodynamic studies. The microfluidic platform supports on-demand formation of dense nanowell cultures under continuous perfusion reflecting the tumor microenvironment, with real-time monitoring of T cell proliferation and activation within each nanowell. The system enables selective ejection of cells for profiling by fluorescence activated cell sorting, allowing observed on-chip variability in immune response to be correlated with off-chip quantification of T cell activation. The technology offers new potential for probing the molecular origins of T cell heterogeneity and identifying specific cell phenotypes responsible for initiating and propagating immune cascades within tumors. Insight Box Variability in T cell activation plays a critical role in the immune response against cancer. New tools are needed to unravel the mechanisms that drive successful anti-tumor immune response, and to support the development of novel immunotherapies utilizing rare T cell phenotypes that promote effective immune surveillance. To this end, we present a microfluidic cell culture platform capable of probing differential T cell activation in an array of nanoliter-scale wells coupled with off-chip cell analysis, enabling a high resolution view of variable immune response within tumor / T cell co-cultures containing cell ensembles orders of magnitude smaller than conventional well plate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | | - Anagha Krishnan
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Don L DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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García-Hernández LA, Martínez-Martínez E, Pazos-Solís D, Aguado-Preciado J, Dutt A, Chávez-Ramírez AU, Korgel B, Sharma A, Oza G. Optical Detection of Cancer Cells Using Lab-on-a-Chip. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040439. [PMID: 37185514 PMCID: PMC10136345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The global need for accurate and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis has driven extensive research and technological development in the field. Precision, high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cells are critical requirements for successful technology. Lab-on-a-chip devices offer enormous potential for solving biological and medical problems and have become a priority research area for microanalysis and manipulating cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the detection of cancer cells using the microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip method, focusing on describing and explaining techniques that use optical phenomena and a plethora of probes for sensing, amplification, and immobilization. The paper describes how optics are applied in each experimental method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes a summary of current challenges and prospects for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abraham García-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | | | - Denni Pazos-Solís
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Javier Aguado-Preciado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Circuito Exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Abraham Ulises Chávez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
| | - Brian Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1062, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro C.P. 76130, Mexico
| | - Goldie Oza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro C.P. 76703, Mexico
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Sebben D, Strohle G, Roy PS, Li H. Gold-nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel droplets with enhanced fluorescence for imaging and quantification of proteins in cells. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:144. [PMID: 36939899 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cellular protein detection techniques such as immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry require abundant cells, posing multiple challenges, including difficulty and cost for obtaining enough cells and the potential for clogging the instrument when using flow cytometry. Also, it is challenging to conduct cellular protein imaging and quantification simultaneously from a single experiment. We present a novel 3D platform, which integrates highly biocompatible cell-entrapped alginate hydrogel droplet array with gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-based metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF), to achieve simultaneous imaging and quantification of proteins in intact cells in a sensitive manner. Compared to 2D immunocytochemistry, this 3D system allows for a higher cell loading capacity per unit area; together with the MEF-based signal enhancement from the embedded AuNPs, sensitive protein quantification was realized. Furthermore, compared to flow cytometry, this platform allows for protein imaging from individual cells. Taking the detection of EpCAM protein in ovarian cancer cells as a model, we optimized the AuNP size and concentration for optimal fluorescent signals. The 5 nm AuNPs at 6.54 × 1013 particles/mL proved to be the most effective in signal enhancement, providing 2.4-fold higher signals compared to that without AuNPs and 6.4-fold higher signals than that of 2D immunocytochemistry. The number of cells required in our technology is 1-3 orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional methods. This AuNP-embedded hydrogel platform combines the benefits of immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, providing increased assay sensitivity while also allowing for qualitative analysis through imaging, suitable for protein determination in a variety of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebben
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Gisela Strohle
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Promit Sinha Roy
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
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Zhang T, Chen X, Chen D, Wang J, Chen J. Development of constrictional microchannels and the recurrent neural network in single-cell protein analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1195940. [PMID: 37207125 PMCID: PMC10190128 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1195940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As the golden approach of single-cell analysis, fluorescent flow cytometry can estimate single-cell proteins with high throughputs, which, however, cannot translate fluorescent intensities into protein numbers. Methods: This study reported a fluorescent flow cytometry based on constrictional microchannels for quantitative measurements of single-cell fluorescent levels and the recurrent neural network for data analysis of fluorescent profiles for high-accuracy cell-type classification. Results: As a demonstration, fluorescent profiles (e.g., FITC labeled β-actin antibody, PE labeled EpCAM antibody and PerCP labeled β-tubulin antibody) of individual A549 and CAL 27 cells were firstly measured and translated into protein numbers of 0.56 ± 0.43 × 104, 1.78 ± 1.06 × 106 and 8.11 ± 4.89 × 104 of A549 cells (ncell = 10232), and 3.47 ± 2.45 × 104, 2.65 ± 1.19 × 106 and 8.61 ± 5.25 × 104 of CAL 27 cells (ncell = 16376) based on the equivalent model of the constrictional microchannel. Then, the feedforward neural network was used to process these single-cell protein expressions, producing a classification accuracy of 92.0% for A549 vs. CAL 27 cells. In order to further increase the classification accuracies, as a key subtype of the recurrent neural network, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was adopted to process fluorescent pulses sampled in constrictional microchannels directly, producing a classification accuracy of 95.5% for A549 vs. CAL 27 cells after optimization. Discussion: This fluorescent flow cytometry based on constrictional microchannels and recurrent neural network can function as an enabling tool of single-cell analysis and contribute to the development of quantitative cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junbo Wang, ; Jian Chen,
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junbo Wang, ; Jian Chen,
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Lu R, Xin F, Liu G. Synthetic biology applications of the yeast mating signal pathway. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:620-631. [PMID: 34666896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell fusion is a fundamental biological process that is involved in the development of most eukaryotic organisms. During the fusion process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells respond to pheromones to trigger the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade to initiate mating, followed by polarization, cell-wall remodeling, membrane fusion, and karyogamy. We highlight the applications of the yeast mating signal pathway in promoter engineering for tuning the expression of output genes, as well as in metabolic engineering for decoupling growth and metabolism, biosensors for sensitive detection and signal amplification, genetic circuits for programmable biological functionalities, and artificial consortia for cell-cell communication. Strategies such as exploiting rational engineering of modular circuits and optimizing the reproductive pathway to precisely maneuver physiological events have implications for scientific research and industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Lu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guannan Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is a sophisticated technique that works on the principle of light scattering and fluorescence emission by the specific fluorescent probe-labeled cells as they pass through a laser beam. It offers several unique advantages as it allows fast, relatively quantitative, multiparametric analysis of cell populations at the single cell level. In addition, it also enables physical sorting of the cells to separate the subpopulations based on different parameters. In this constantly evolving field, innovative technologies such as imaging FCM, mass cytometry and Raman FCM are being developed in order to address limitations of traditional FCM. This review explains the general principles, main applications and recent advances in the field of FCM.
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A novel microfluidic flow-cytometry for counting numbers of single-cell β-actins. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wei X, Lu Y, Zhang X, Chen ML, Wang JH. Recent advances in single-cell ultra-trace analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu L, Yang H, Men D, Wang M, Gao X, Zhang T, Chen D, Xue C, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen J. Development of microfluidic platform capable of high-throughput absolute quantification of single-cell multiple intracellular proteins from tumor cell lines and patient tumor samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 155:112097. [PMID: 32090869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of single-cell proteins plays key roles in cell heterogeneity while due to technical limitations absolute numbers of multiple intracellular proteins from large populations of single cells were still missing, leading to compromised results in cell-type classifications. This paper presents a microfluidic platform capable of high-throughput absolute quantification of single-cell multiple types of intracellular proteins where cells stained with fluorescent labelled antibodies are aspirated into the constriction microchannels with excited fluorescent signals detected and translated into numbers of binding sites of targeted proteins based on calibration curves formed by flushing gradient solutions of fluorescent labelled antibodies directly into constriction microchannels. Based on this approach, single-cell numbers of binding sites of β-actin, α-tubulin and β-tubulin from tens of thousands of five representative tumor cell lines were first quantified, reporting cell-type classification rates of 83.0 ± 7.1%. Then single-cell numbers of binding sites of β-actin, biotin and RhoA from thousands of five tumor cell lines with varieties in malignant levels were quantified, reporting cell-type classification rates of 93.7 ± 2.8%. Furthermore, single-cell numbers of binding sites of Ras, c-Myc and p53 from thousands of cells derived from two oral tumor lines of CAL 27, WSU-HN6 and two oral tumor patient samples were quantified, contributing to high classifications of both tumor cell lines (98.6%) and tumor patient samples (83.4%). In conclusion, the developed microfluidic platform was capable of quantifying multiple intracellular proteins from large populations of single cells, and the collected data of protein expressions enabled effective cell-type classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Xue
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Microfluidic Analyzer Enabling Quantitative Measurements of Specific Intracellular Proteins at the Single-Cell Level. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9110588. [PMID: 30424565 PMCID: PMC6265747 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic instrument capable of quantifying single-cell specific intracellular proteins, which are composed of three functioning modules and two software platforms. Under the control of a LabVIEW platform, a pressure module flushed cells stained with fluorescent antibodies through a microfluidic module with fluorescent intensities quantified by a fluorescent module and translated into the numbers of specific intracellular proteins at the single-cell level using a MATLAB platform. Detection ranges and resolutions of the analyzer were characterized as 896.78–6.78 × 105 and 334.60 nM for Alexa 488, 314.60–2.11 × 105 and 153.98 nM for FITC, and 77.03–5.24 × 104 and 37.17 nM for FITC-labelled anti-beta-actin antibodies. As a demonstration, the numbers of single-cell beta-actins of two paired oral tumor cell types and two oral patient samples were quantified as: 1.12 ± 0.77 × 106/cell (salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma parental cell line (SACC-83), ncell = 13,689) vs. 0.90 ± 0.58 × 105/cell (salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma lung metastasis cell line (SACC-LM), ncell = 15,341); 0.89 ± 0.69 × 106/cell (oral carcinoma cell line (CAL 27), ncell = 7357) vs. 0.93 ± 0.69 × 106/cell (oral carcinoma lymphatic metastasis cell line (CAL 27-LN2), ncell = 6276); and 0.86 ± 0.52 × 106/cell (patient I) vs. 0.85 ± 0.58 × 106/cell (patient II). These results (1) validated the developed analyzer with a throughput of 10 cells/s and a processing capability of ~10,000 cells for each cell type, and (2) revealed that as an internal control in cell analysis, the expressions of beta-actins remained stable in oral tumors with different malignant levels.
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