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Ahn JH, Johnny CL, Chenoweth DM. Duo-Chol: A Photoconvertible Live Cell Imaging Tool for Tracking Cholesterol. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38913976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigating cholesterol trafficking pathways continues to be of significant scientific interest owing to its homeostasis being associated with several debilitating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases including atherosclerosis, Niemann-Pick's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. To further our understanding of cholesterol trafficking, it is imperative to develop new fluorescent probes that possess improved photostability, low efflux, and high spatial and temporal resolution for live-cell imaging. In this study, we developed a photoconvertible fluorescent cholesterol analog, Duo-Chol, enabling the improved spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging of the dynamic localization of cholesterol in live cells. This tool provides a unique and powerful approach to interrogating cholesterol dynamics, addressing the limitations of existing methods, and expanding our ability to probe the biological role of sterols in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- June H Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher L Johnny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Sterolight as imaging tool to study sterol uptake, trafficking and efflux in living cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6264. [PMID: 35428843 PMCID: PMC9012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about cholesterol subcellular localization and transport pathways inside cells is essential for understanding and treatment of cholesterol-related diseases. However, there is a lack of reliable tools to monitor it. This work follows the fate of Sterolight, a BODIPY-labelled sterol, within the cell and demonstrates it as a suitable probe for visualization of sterol/lipid trafficking. Sterolight enters cells through an energy-independent process and knockdown experiments suggest caveolin-1 as its potential cellular carrier. Intracellular transport of Sterolight is a rapid process, and transfer from ER and mitochondria to lysosomes and later to lipid droplets requires the participation of active microtubules, as it can be inhibited by the microtubule disruptor nocodazole. Excess of the probe is actively exported from cells, in addition to being stored in lipid droplets, to re-establish the sterol balance. Efflux occurs through a mechanism requiring energy and may be selectively poisoned with verapamil or blocked in cells with mutated cholesterol transporter NPC1. Sterolight is efficiently transferred within and between different cell populations, making it suitable for monitoring numerous aspects of sterol biology, including the live tracking and visualization of intracellular and intercellular transport.
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Jurášek M, Valečka J, Novotný I, Kejík Z, Fähnrich J, Marešová A, Tauchen J, Bartůněk P, Dolenský B, Jakubek M, Drašar PB, Králová J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cationic TopFluor cholesterol analogues. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105410. [PMID: 34700109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is not only a major component of the cell membrane, but also plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes and pathologies. It is therefore crucial to develop appropriate tools for visualizing intracellular cholesterol transport. Here, we describe new cationic analogues of BODIPY-Cholesterol (TopFluor-Cholesterol, TF-Chol), which combine a positive charge on the sterol side chain and a BODIPY group connected via a C-4 linker. In contrast to TF-Chol, the new analogues TF-1 and TF-3 possessing acetyl groups on the A ring (C-3 position on steroid) internalized much faster and displayed slightly different levels of intracellular localization. Their applicability for cholesterol monitoring was indicated by the fact that they strongly label compartments with accumulated cholesterol in cells carrying a mutation of the Niemann-Pick disease-associated cholesterol transporter, NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Valečka
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Novotný
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Marešová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Li WJ, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Dong LL, Wu YF, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Lipid metabolism in asthma: Immune regulation and potential therapeutic target. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104341. [PMID: 33798909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that poses a considerable health and socioeconomic burden. Several risk factors work synergistically to affect the progression of asthma. Lipid metabolism, especially in distinct cells such as T cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and non-immune cells, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma, as lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular response. In this review, we focused on the metabolic pathways of lipid molecules, especially fatty acids and their derivatives, and summarized their roles in various cells during the pathogenesis of asthma along with the current pharmacological agents targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Králová J, Jurášek M, Mikšátková L, Marešová A, Fähnrich J, Cihlářová P, Drašar P, Bartůněk P, Král V. Influence of fluorophore and linker length on the localization and trafficking of fluorescent sterol probes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22053. [PMID: 33328481 PMCID: PMC7745015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent sterol probes, comprising a fluorophore connected to a sterol backbone by means of a linker, are promising tools for enabling high-resolution imaging of intracellular cholesterol. In this study, we evaluated how the size of the linker, site of its attachment and nature of the fluorophore, affect the localization and trafficking properties of fluorescent sterol probes. Varying lengths of linker using the same fluorophore affected cell penetration and retention in specific cell compartments. A C-4 linker was confirmed as optimal. Derivatives of heterocyclic sterol precursors attached with identical C-4 linker to different fluorophores at diverse positions also showed significant differences in their binding properties to various intracellular compartments and kinetics of trafficking. Two novel red-emitting probes with good cell permeability, fast intracellular labelling and slightly different distribution displayed very promising characteristics for sterol probes. These probes also strongly labelled endo/lysosomal compartment in cells with pharmacologically disrupted cholesterol transport, or with a genetic mutation of cholesterol transporting protein NPC1, that overlapped with filipin staining of cholesterol. Overall, the present study demonstrates that the physicochemical properties of the fluorophore/linker pairing determine the kinetics of uptake and distribution and subsequently influence the applicability of final probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Králová
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Jurášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mikšátková
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Marešová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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6
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Brandes B, Hoenke S, Fischer L, Csuk R. Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of BODIPY FL labelled triterpenoids. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Faletrov YV, Efimova VS, Horetski MS, Tugaeva KV, Frolova NS, Lin Q, Isaeva LV, Rubtsov MA, Sluchanko NN, Novikova LA, Shkumatov VM. New 20-hydroxycholesterol-like compounds with fluorescent NBD or alkyne labels: Synthesis, in silico interactions with proteins and uptake by yeast cells. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 227:104850. [PMID: 31836520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxycholesterol is a signaling oxysterol with immunomodulating functions and, thus, structural analogues with reporter capabilities could be useful for studying and modulating the cellular processes concerned. We have synthesized three new 20-hydroxycholesterol-like pregn-5-en-3β-ol derivatives with fluorescent 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) or Raman-sensitive alkyne labels in their side-chains. In silico computations demonstrated the compounds possess good membrane permeability and can bind within active sites of known 20-hydroxycholesterol targets (e.g. Smoothened and yeast Osh4) and some other sterol-binding proteins (human LXRβ and STARD1; yeast START-kins Lam4S2 and Lam2S2). Having found good predicted membrane permeability and binding to some yeast proteins, we tested the compounds on microorganisms. Fluorescent microscopy indicated the uptake of the steroids by both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, whereas only S. cerevisiae demonstrated conversion of the compounds into 3-O-acetates, likely because 3-O-acetyltransferase Atf2p is present only in its genome. The new compounds provide new options to study the uptake, intracellular distribution and metabolism of sterols in yeast cells as well as might be used as ligands for sterol-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus; Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vera S Efimova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/40, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Matvey S Horetski
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus; Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina S Frolova
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Quingquing Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ludmila V Isaeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/40, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Rubtsov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherches en Oncologie, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Novikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/40, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Shkumatov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus; Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk, Belarus.
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