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Nosrati H, Fallah Tafti M, Aghamollaei H, Bonakdar S, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M. Directed Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Using Imprinted Cell-Like Topographies as a Growth Factor-Free Approach. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1752-1781. [PMID: 39066936 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The influence of surface topography on stem cell behavior and differentiation has garnered significant attention in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The cell-imprinting method has been introduced as a promising approach to mimic the geometry and topography of cells. The cell-imprinted substrates are designed to replicate the topographies and dimensions of target cells, enabling tailored interactions that promote the differentiation of stem cells towards desired specialized cell types. In fact, by replicating the size and shape of cells, biomimetic substrates provide physical cues that profoundly impact stem cell differentiation. These cues play a pivotal role in directing cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression, ultimately influencing lineage commitment. The biomimetic substrates' ability to emulate the native cellular microenvironment supports the creation of platforms capable of steering stem cell fate with high precision. This review discusses the role of mechanical factors that impact stem cell fate. It also provides an overview of the design and fabrication principles of cell-imprinted substrates. Furthermore, the paper delves into the use of cell-imprinted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to direct adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into a variety of specialized cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Additionally, the review discusses the limitations of cell-imprinted PDMS substrates and highlights the efforts made to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nosrati
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fallah Tafti
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Ariati R, Souza A, Souza M, Zille A, Soares D, Lima R, Ribeiro J. Mechanical and optical properties assessment of an innovative PDMS/beeswax composite for a wide range of applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106716. [PMID: 39288665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an elastomer that has received primary attention from researchers due to its excellent physical, chemical, and thermal properties, together with biocompatibility and high flexibility properties. Another material that has been receiving attention is beeswax because it is a natural raw material, extremely ductile, and biodegradable, with peculiar hydrophobic properties. These materials are applied in hydrophobic coatings, clear films for foods, and films with controllable transparency. However, there is no study with a wide range of mechanical, optical, and wettability tests, and with various proportions of beeswax reported to date. Thus, we report an experimental study of these properties of pure PDMS with the addition of beeswax and manufactured in a multifunctional vacuum chamber. In this study, we report in a tensile test a 37% increase in deformation of a sample containing 1% beeswax (BW1%) when compared to pure PDMS (BW0%). The Shore A hardness test revealed a 27% increase in the BW8% sample compared to BW0%. In the optical test, the samples were subjected to a temperature of 80 °C and the BW1% sample increased 30% in transmittance when compared to room temperature making it as transparent as BW0% in the visible region. The thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal stability of the BW8% composite up to a temperature of 200 °C. The dynamic mechanical analysis test revealed a 100% increase in the storage modulus of the BW8% composite. Finally, in the wettability test, the composite BW8% presented a contact angle with water of 145°. As a result of this wide range of tests, it is possible to increase the hydrophobic properties of PDMS with beeswax and the composite has great potential for application in smart devices, food and medicines packaging films, and films with controllable transparency, water-repellent surfaces, and anti-corrosive coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Ariati
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Andrews Souza
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; CMEMS - UMinho, Universidade Do Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Souza
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T - Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Delfim Soares
- CMEMS - UMinho, Universidade Do Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ribeiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia Em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
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Zainuddin MIF, Ahmad AL, Shah Buddin MMH. Polydimethylsiloxane/Magnesium Oxide Nanosheet Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO 2 Separation Application. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13030337. [PMID: 36984724 PMCID: PMC10051079 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is now 50% higher than in the preindustrial period and efforts to reduce CO2 emission through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) are blooming. Membranes are one of the attractive alternatives for such application. In this study, a rubbery polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane is incorporated with magnesium oxide (MgO) with a hierarchically two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet shape for CO2 separation. The average thickness of the synthesized MgO nanosheet in this study is 35.3 ± 1.5 nm. Based on the pure gas separation performance, the optimal loading obtained is at 1 wt.% where there is no observable significant agglomeration. CO2 permeability was reduced from 2382 Barrer to 1929 Barrer while CO2/N2 selectivity increased from only 11.4 to 12.7, and CO2/CH4 remained relatively constant when the MMM was operated at 2 bar and 25 °C. Sedimentation of the filler was observed when the loading was further increased to 5 wt.%, forming interfacial defects on the bottom side of the membrane and causing increased CO2 gas permeability from 1929 Barrer to 2104 Barrer as compared to filler loading at 1 wt.%, whereas the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity increased from 12.1 to 15.0. Additionally, this study shows that there was no significant impact of pressure on separation performance. There was a linear decline of CO2 permeability with increasing upstream pressure while there were no changes to the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhd Izzudin Fikry Zainuddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Latif Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Xu J, Balhoff MT. Dissolution-After-Precipitation (DAP): a simple microfluidic approach for studying carbonate rock dissolution and multiphase reactive transport mechanisms. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4205-4223. [PMID: 36172900 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple microfluidic approach: Dissolution-After-Precipitation (DAP), to investigate regimes of carbonate rock dissolution and multiphase reactive transport. In this method, a carbonate porous medium is created in a glass microchannel via calcium carbonate precipitation, after which an acid is injected into the channel to dissolve the precipitated porous medium. Utilizing the DAP method, for the first time we realized all five classical single-phase carbonate rock dissolution regimes (uniform, compact, conical, wormhole, ramified wormholes) in a microfluidic chip. The results are validated against the established theoretical dissolution diagram, which shows good agreement. Detailed analysis of these single-phase dissolutions suggests that the heterogeneity of the porous medium may significantly impact how the dissolution patterns evolve over time. Furthermore, DAP is utilized to investigate multiphase dissolution. As examples we tested the cases of an oleic phase (tetradecane) and a gaseous phase (CO2). Results show that the presence of a nonaqueous phase in pore spaces induces the formation of wormholes despite weak advection, and these wormholes ultimately become pathways for nonaqueous phase transport. However, the transport of tetradecane in the wormhole is very slow, causing acid breakthrough into neighboring regions. This mechanism enhances lateral connectivity between wormholes and may lead to a wormhole network. In contrast, CO2 moves rapidly and continuously seeks to enter a widening wormhole from a narrower wormhole or the porous regions, generating phenomena such as ganglia redistribution and counterflow (flow of gas opposite to acid flow). Extensive independent experiments are conducted to verify the reproducibility of the observed phenomena/mechanisms and further analyze them. Real-time monitoring of fluid pressure drop during dissolution is implemented to complement microscopy image analysis. Our method can be implemented repeatedly on the same chip, which offers a convenient and inexpensive option to study pore-scale reactive transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xu
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
- Center for Subsurface Energy and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Matthew T Balhoff
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
- Center for Subsurface Energy and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Jahanbakhsh A, Shahrokhi O, Maroto-Valer MM. Understanding the role of wettability distribution on pore-filling and displacement patterns in a homogeneous structure via quasi 3D pore-scale modelling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17847. [PMID: 34497276 PMCID: PMC8426499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most numerical simulation studies have focused on the effect of homogenous wettability on fluid flow dynamics; however, most rocks display spatially heterogeneous wettability. Therefore, we have used direct numerical simulations (DNS) to investigate wettability heterogeneity at pore-scale. We have built a quasi-3D pore-scale model and simulated two-phase flow in a homogenous porous media with homogenous and heterogeneous wettability distributions. Five different heterogeneous wettability patterns were used in this study. We observed that heterogenous wettability significantly affects the evolution of fluid interface, trapped saturation, and displacement patterns. Wettability heterogeneity results in fingering and specific trapping patterns which do not follow the flow behaviour characteristic of a porous medium with homogenous wettability. This flow behaviour indicates a different flow regime that cannot be estimated using homogenous wettability distributions represented by an average contact angle. Moreover, our simulation results show that certain spatial configurations of wettability heterogeneity at the microscale, e.g. being perpendicular to the flow direction, may assist the stability of the displacement and delay the breakthrough time. In contrast, other configurations such as being parallel to the flow direction promote flow instability for the same pore-scale geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jahanbakhsh
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Omid Shahrokhi
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Shakeri A, Khan S, Didar TF. Conventional and emerging strategies for the fabrication and functionalization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3053-3075. [PMID: 34286800 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging and multidisciplinary field that is of great interest to manufacturers in medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry, as it provides unique tools for the development of point-of-care diagnostics, organs-on-chip systems, and biosensors. Polymeric microfluidics, unlike glass and silicon, offer several advantages such as low-cost mass manufacturing and a wide range of beneficial material properties, which make them the material of choice for commercial applications and high-throughput systems. Among polymers used for the fabrication of microfluidic devices, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) still remains the most widely used material in academia due to its advantageous properties, such as excellent transparency and biocompatibility. However, commercialization of PDMS has been a challenge mostly due to the high cost of the current fabrication strategies. Moreover, specific surface modification and functionalization steps are required to tailor the surface chemistry of PDMS channels (e.g. biomolecule immobilization, surface hydrophobicity and antifouling properties) with respect to the desired application. While significant research has been reported in the field of PDMS microfluidics, functionalization of PDMS surfaces remains a critical step in the fabrication process that is difficult to navigate. This review first offers a thorough illustration of existing fabrication methods for PDMS-based microfluidic devices, providing several recent advancements in this field with the aim of reducing the cost and time for mass production of these devices. Next, various conventional and emerging approaches for engineering the surface chemistry of PDMS are discussed in detail. We provide a wide range of functionalization techniques rendering PDMS microchannels highly biocompatible for physical or covalent immobilization of various biological entities while preventing non-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Shakeri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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7
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Manipulation of surface charges of oil droplets and carbonate rocks to improve oil recovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14518. [PMID: 34267283 PMCID: PMC8282872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of the surface charges of oil droplets and carbonate rocks in brine and in surfactant solutions on oil production. The influences of the cations in brine and the surfactant types on the zeta-potentials of both oil droplets and carbonate rock particles are studied. It is found that the addition of anionic and cationic surfactants in brine result in both negative or positive zeta-potentials of rock particles and oil droplets respectively, while the zwitterionic surfactant induces a positive charge on rock particles and a negative charge on oil droplets. Micromodels with a CaCO3 nanocrystal layer coated on the flow channels were used in the oil displacement tests. The results show that when the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) was at 10-1 mN/m, the injection of an anionic surfactant (SDS-R1) solution achieved 21.0% incremental oil recovery, higher than the 12.6% increment by the injection of a zwitterionic surfactant (SB-A2) solution. When the IFT was lowered to 10-3 mM/m, the injection of anionic/non-ionic surfactant SMAN-l1 solution with higher absolute zeta potential value (ζoil + ζrock) of 34 mV has achieved higher incremental oil recovery (39.4%) than the application of an anionic/cationic surfactant SMAC-l1 solution with a lower absolute zeta-potential value of 22 mV (30.6%). This indicates that the same charge of rocks and oil droplets improves the transportation of charged oil/water emulsion in the porous media. This work reveals that the surface charge in surfactant flooding plays an important role in addition to the oil/water interfacial tension reduction and the rock wettability alteration.
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8
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Colloid retention and mobilization mechanisms under different physicochemical conditions in porous media: A micromodel study. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kamelian FS, Mohammadi T, Naeimpoor F, Sillanpää M. One-Step and Low-Cost Designing of Two-Layered Active-Layer Superhydrophobic Silicalite-1/PDMS Membrane for Simultaneously Achieving Superior Bioethanol Pervaporation and Fouling/Biofouling Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56587-56603. [PMID: 33269590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the coupling of biofuel fermentation broths and pervaporation has been receiving increasing attention. Some challenges, such as the destructive effects of constituents of the real fermentation broth on the membrane performances, the lethal effects of the membrane surface chemical modifiers on the microorganisms, and being expensive, are against this concept. For the first time, a continuous study on the one-step and low-cost preparation of superhydrophobic membranes for bioethanol separation is made to address these challenges. In our previous work, spraying as a fast, scalable, and low-cost procedure was applied to fabricate the one-layered active-layer hydrophobic (OALH) silicalite-1/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the low-cost mullite support. In this work, the spraying method was adopted to fabricate a two-layered active-layer superhydrophobic (TALS) silicalite-1/PDMS membrane, where the novel active layer consisted of two layers with different hydrophobicities and densities. Contact-angle measurements, surface charge determination, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and pervaporation separation using a 5 wt % ethanol solution were used to statically evaluate the fouling/biofouling resistance and pervaporation performances of OALH and TALS membranes in this study. The TALS membrane presented a better resistance and performance. For dynamic experiments, the Box-Behnken design was used to identify the effects of substrates, microorganisms, and nutrient contents as the leading indicators of fermentation broth on the TALS membrane performances for the long-term utilization. The maximum performances of 1.88 kg/m2·h, 32.34, and 59.04 kg/m2·h concerning the permeation flux, separation factor, and pervaporation separation index were obtained, respectively. The dynamic fouling/biofouling resistance of the TALS membrane was also characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of all the tested membranes. The TALS membrane demonstrated the synergistic resistance of membrane fouling and biofouling. Eventually, the novel TALS membrane was found to have potential for biofuel recovery, especially bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Sadat Kamelian
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
- Research and Technology Center of Membrane Processes, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Toraj Mohammadi
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
- Research and Technology Center of Membrane Processes, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naeimpoor
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, P.O. Box 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, 33199 Miami, Florida, United States
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Akther F, Yakob SB, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Surface Modification Techniques for Endothelial Cell Seeding in PDMS Microfluidic Devices. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 33228050 PMCID: PMC7699314 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip cell culture techniques have been gaining popularity by offering the possibility of reducing the amount of samples and reagents and greater control over cellular microenvironment. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the commonly used polymer for microfluidic cell culture devices because of the cheap and easy fabrication techniques, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high gas permeability, and optical transparency. However, the intrinsic hydrophobic nature of PDMS makes cell seeding challenging when applied on PDMS surface. The hydrophobicity of the PDMS surface also allows the non-specific absorption/adsorption of small molecules and biomolecules that might affect the cellular behaviour and functions. Hydrophilic modification of PDMS surface is indispensable for successful cell seeding. This review collates different techniques with their advantages and disadvantages that have been used to improve PDMS hydrophilicity to facilitate endothelial cells seeding in PDMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Shazwani Binte Yakob
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Hang T. Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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11
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Kefallinou D, Grigoriou M, Boumpas DT, Gogolides E, Tserepi A. Fabrication of a 3D microfluidic cell culture device for bone marrow-on-a-chip. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Li H, Raza A, Ge Q, Lu JY, Zhang T. Empowering microfluidics by micro-3D printing and solution-based mineral coating. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6841-6849. [PMID: 32638816 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluid-solid interaction in porous materials is of tremendous importance to earth, space, energy, environment, biological, and medical applications. High-resolution 3D printing enables efficient fabrication of porous microfluidic devices with complicated pore-throat morphology, but lacking desired surface functionality. In this work, we propose a novel approach to additively fabricate functional porous devices by integrating micro-3D printing and solution-based internal coating. This approach is successfully applied to create energy/environment-orientated porous micromodels that replicate the μCT-captured porous geometry and natural mineralogy of carbonate rock. The functional mineral coating in a 3D-printed porous scaffold is achieved by seeding calcite nanoparticles along the inner surface and enabling in situ growth of calcite crystals. For conformal and stable coating in confined pore spaces, we manage to control the wetting and capillarity effects during fabrication: (i) capillarity-enhanced nanoparticle immobilization for forming an adhered seeding layer; (ii) capillary pore-throat blockage mitigation for uniform crystal growth. These transparent micromodels are then used to directly image and characterize microscopic fluid dynamics including wettability-dependent fluid propagation and capillarity-held phase transition processes. The proposed approach can be readily tailored with on-demand-designed scaffold geometry and appropriate coating recipe to fit in many other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aikifa Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Qiaoyu Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jin-You Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - TieJun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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13
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Jahanbakhsh A, Wlodarczyk KL, Hand DP, Maier RRJ, Maroto-Valer MM. Review of Microfluidic Devices and Imaging Techniques for Fluid Flow Study in Porous Geomaterials. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20144030. [PMID: 32698501 PMCID: PMC7412536 DOI: 10.3390/s20144030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding transport phenomena and governing mechanisms of different physical and chemical processes in porous media has been a critical research area for decades. Correlating fluid flow behaviour at the micro-scale with macro-scale parameters, such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, is key to understanding the processes governing subsurface systems, and this in turn allows us to improve the accuracy of modelling and simulations of transport phenomena at a large scale. Over the last two decades, there have been significant developments in our understanding of pore-scale processes and modelling of complex underground systems. Microfluidic devices (micromodels) and imaging techniques, as facilitators to link experimental observations to simulation, have greatly contributed to these achievements. Although several reviews exist covering separately advances in one of these two areas, we present here a detailed review integrating recent advances and applications in both micromodels and imaging techniques. This includes a comprehensive analysis of critical aspects of fabrication techniques of micromodels, and the most recent advances such as embedding fibre optic sensors in micromodels for research applications. To complete the analysis of visualization techniques, we have thoroughly reviewed the most applicable imaging techniques in the area of geoscience and geo-energy. Moreover, the integration of microfluidic devices and imaging techniques was highlighted as appropriate. In this review, we focus particularly on four prominent yet very wide application areas, namely “fluid flow in porous media”, “flow in heterogeneous rocks and fractures”, “reactive transport, solute and colloid transport”, and finally “porous media characterization”. In summary, this review provides an in-depth analysis of micromodels and imaging techniques that can help to guide future research in the in-situ visualization of fluid flow in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jahanbakhsh
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Krystian L. Wlodarczyk
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - Duncan P. Hand
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - Robert R. J. Maier
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
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Zhang Y, Khorshidian H, Mohammadi M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Hejazi SH. Functionalized multiscale visual models to unravel flow and transport physics in porous structures. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115676. [PMID: 32193027 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fluid flow, species transport, and chemical reactions in geological formations are the chief mechanisms in engineering the exploitation of fossil fuels and geothermal energy, the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the disposal of hazardous materials. Porous rock is characterized by a wide surface area, where the physicochemical fluid-solid interactions dominate the multiphase flow behavior. A variety of visual models with differences in dimensions, patterns, surface properties, and fabrication techniques have been widely utilized to simulate and directly visualize such interactions in porous media. This review discusses the six categories of visual models used in geological flow applications, including packed beds, Hele-Shaw cells, synthesized microchips (also known as microfluidic chips or micromodels), geomaterial-dominated microchips, three-dimensional (3D) microchips, and nanofluidics. For each category, critical technical points (such as surface chemistry and geometry) and practical applications are summarized. Finally, we discuss opportunities and provide a framework for the development of custom-built visual models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Interfacial Flows and Porous Media Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hossein Khorshidian
- Interfacial Flows and Porous Media Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Interfacial Flows and Porous Media Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Interfacial Flows and Porous Media Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Hossein Hejazi
- Interfacial Flows and Porous Media Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Sun C, McClure JE, Mostaghimi P, Herring AL, Shabaninejad M, Berg S, Armstrong RT. Linking continuum-scale state of wetting to pore-scale contact angles in porous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:173-180. [PMID: 31812863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Wetting phenomena play a key role in flows through porous media. Relative permeability and capillary pressure-saturation functions show a high sensitivity to wettability, which has different definitions at the continuum- and pore-scale. We hypothesize that the wetting state of a porous medium can be described in terms of topological arguments that constrain the morphological state of immiscible fluids, which provides a direct link between the continuum-scale metrics of wettability and pore-scale contact angles. EXPERIMENTS We perform primary drainage and imbibition experiments on Bentheimer sandstone using air and brine. Topological properties, such as Euler characteristic and interfacial curvature are measured utilizing X-ray micro-computed tomography at irreducible air saturation. We also present measurements for the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) index, capillary pressure and pore-scale contact angles. Additional studies are performed using two-phase Lattice Boltzmann simulations to test a wider range of wetting conditions. FINDINGS We demonstrate that contact angle distributions for a porous multiphase system can be predicted within a few percent difference of directly measured pore-scale contact angles using the presented method. This provides a general framework on how continuum-scale data can be used to describe the geometrical state of fluids within porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Sun
- School of Minerals & Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James E McClure
- Advanced Research Computing, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Peyman Mostaghimi
- School of Minerals & Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna L Herring
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Mehdi Shabaninejad
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Steffen Berg
- Rock & Fluid Physics, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ryan T Armstrong
- School of Minerals & Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Wlodarczyk KL, Hand DP, Maroto-Valer MM. Maskless, rapid manufacturing of glass microfluidic devices using a picosecond pulsed laser. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20215. [PMID: 31882878 PMCID: PMC6934552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional manufacturing of glass microfluidic devices is a complex, multi-step process that involves a combination of different fabrication techniques, typically photolithography, chemical/dry etching and thermal/anodic bonding. As a result, the process is time-consuming and expensive, in particular when developing microfluidic prototypes or even manufacturing them in low quantity. This report describes a fabrication technique in which a picosecond pulsed laser system is the only tool required to manufacture a microfluidic device from transparent glass substrates. The laser system is used for the generation of microfluidic patterns directly on glass, the drilling of inlet/outlet ports in glass covers, and the bonding of two glass plates together in order to enclose the laser-generated patterns from the top. This method enables the manufacturing of a fully-functional microfluidic device in a few hours, without using any projection masks, dangerous chemicals, and additional expensive tools, e.g., a mask writer or bonding machine. The method allows the fabrication of various types of microfluidic devices, e.g., Hele-Shaw cells and microfluidics comprising complex patterns resembling up-scaled cross-sections of realistic rock samples, suitable for the investigation of CO2 storage, water remediation and hydrocarbon recovery processes. The method also provides a route for embedding small 3D objects inside these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian L Wlodarczyk
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. .,Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Duncan P Hand
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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17
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Alzahid YA, Mostaghimi P, Alqahtani NJ, Sun C, Lu X, Armstrong RT. Oil mobilization and solubilization in porous media by in situ emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:554-564. [PMID: 31326787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS For a wide range of subsurface engineering processes, such as geological carbon sequestration and enhanced oil recovery, it is critical to understand multiphase flow at a fundamental level. To this end, geomaterial microfluidic devices provide visual data that can be quantified to explain the physics of multiphase flow at the length scale of individual pores in realistic rock structures. For surfactant enhanced oil recovery, it is the underlying geometrical states of the capillary trapped oil that dictates the recovery process and the degree to which oil is recovered through either mobilization or solubilization during in situ emulsification. EXPERIMENTS A novel geomaterial microfluidic device is fabricated and its integrity is checked using light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) imaging. Subsequently, alkaline surfactant (AS) flooding of an oil saturated device is studied for enhanced recovery. The recovery process is analyzed by collecting 2D radiographic projections of the device during water flooding and in situ emulsification. 3D μ-CT images are also collected to quantify the geometrical states of the fluids after each flooding sequence. FINDINGS Our study reveals the processes of oil cluster mobilization and solubilization in porous media. After water flooding there are numerous oil clusters that are relatively large, extending over multiple pores, forming various loop-like structures. These clusters are mobile under AS flooding accounting for 75% of the recovered oil. The less mobile smaller clusters, isolated to single pores, forming no loop-like structures are immobile. These clusters are solubilized during AS flooding accounting for 25% of the recovered oil. The mobilized clusters coalesce forming an oil bank prior to total solubilization. The remaining oil clusters after AS flooding are highly non-wetting, as indicated by contact angle measurements and would only be recoverable after further solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Alzahid
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peyman Mostaghimi
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naif J Alqahtani
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chenhao Sun
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan T Armstrong
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Seyedpour SM, Janmaleki M, Henning C, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ricken T. Contaminant transport in soil: A comparison of the Theory of Porous Media approach with the microfluidic visualisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1272-1281. [PMID: 31412523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visualisation of the groundwater flow and contaminant transport can play a significant role for a better understanding of contaminant fate, which helps decision-makers and contaminated site planners to choose and implement the best remediation strategies. In this paper, a microfluidic chip coated with nanoclay was developed to mimic soil behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that all the features and surfaces are coated with nanoclay. The change of contact angle for the native polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) from 151° ± 4° to 73° ± 6° for modified ones is indicative of a considerable shift to hydrophilic behaviour. Moreover, the transport process in the developed chip was simulated utilising the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approaches. Although the results of both numerical approaches are in good agreement with experiments, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the predicted contaminant concentration by TPM at two observation points is less than that of CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Seyedpour
- Institute of Mechanics, Structural Analysis and Dynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering and Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Mechanics, Structural Analysis, and Dynamics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - M Janmaleki
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - C Henning
- Institute of Mechanics, Structural Analysis and Dynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering and Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - A Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - T Ricken
- Institute of Mechanics, Structural Analysis and Dynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering and Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Ishutov S. Establishing Framework for 3D Printing Porous Rock Models in Curable Resins. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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