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Sun SJ. A framework for using phoresy to assess ecological transition into parasitism and mutualism. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Canitz J, Sikes DS, Knee W, Baumann J, Haftaro P, Steinmetz N, Nave M, Eggert AK, Hwang W, Nehring V. Cryptic diversity within the Poecilochirus carabi mite species complex phoretic on Nicrophorus burying beetles: Phylogeny, biogeography, and host specificity. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:658-674. [PMID: 34704311 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coevolution is often considered a major driver of speciation, but evidence for this claim is not always found because diversity might be cryptic. When morphological divergence is low, molecular data are needed to uncover diversity. This is often the case in mites, which are known for their extensive and often cryptic diversity. We studied mites of the genus Poecilochirus that are phoretic on burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus). Poecilochirus taxonomy is poorly understood. Most studies on this genus focus on the evolutionary ecology of Poecilochirus carabi sensu lato, a complex of at least two biological species. Based on molecular data of 230 specimens from 43 locations worldwide, we identified 24 genetic clusters that may represent species. We estimate that these mites began to diversify during the Paleogene, when the clade containing P. subterraneus branched off and the remaining mites diverged into two further clades. One clade resembles P. monospinosus. The other clade contains 17 genetic clusters resembling P. carabi s.l.. Among these are P. carabi sensu stricto, P. necrophori, and potentially many additional cryptic species. Our analyses suggest that these clades were formed in the Miocene by large-scale geographic separation; co-speciation of mites with the host beetles can be largely ruled out. Diversification also seems to have happened on a smaller scale, potentially due to adaptation to specific hosts or local abiotic conditions, causing some clusters to specialize on certain beetle species. Our results suggest that biodiversity in this genus was generated by multiple interacting forces shaping the tangled webs of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Canitz
- Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Derek S Sikes
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Wayne Knee
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Baumann
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Haftaro
- Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Steinmetz
- Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Nave
- Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Eggert
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenbe Hwang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Resources, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Volker Nehring
- Institute for Biology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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