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Subsystem domination influence on magnetization reversal in designed magnetic patterns in ferrimagnetic Tb/Co multilayers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1041. [PMID: 33441724 PMCID: PMC7806816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent results showed that the ferrimagnetic compensation point and other characteristic features of Tb/Co ferrimagnetic multilayers can be tailored by He+ ion bombardment. With appropriate choices of the He+ ion dose, we prepared two types of lattices composed of squares with either Tb or Co domination. The magnetization reversal of the first lattice is similar to that seen in ferromagnetic heterostructures consisting of areas with different switching fields. However, in the second lattice, the creation of domains without accompanying domain walls is possible. These domain patterns are particularly stable because they simultaneously lower the demagnetizing energy and the energy associated with the presence of domain walls (exchange and anisotropy). For both lattices, studies of magnetization reversal show that this process takes place by the propagation of the domain walls. If they are not present at the onset, the reversal starts from the nucleation of reversed domains and it is followed by domain wall propagation. The magnetization reversal process does not depend significantly on the relative sign of the effective magnetization in areas separated by domain walls.
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Frąckowiak Ł, Kuświk P, Chaves-O'Flynn GD, Urbaniak M, Matczak M, Michałowski PP, Maziewski A, Reginka M, Ehresmann A, Stobiecki F. Magnetic Domains without Domain Walls: A Unique Effect of He^{+} Ion Bombardment in Ferrimagnetic Tb/Co Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:047203. [PMID: 32058758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.047203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that it is possible to engineer magnetic multidomain configurations without domain walls in a prototypical rare-earth-transition-metal ferrimagnet using keV He^{+} ion bombardment. We additionally show that these patterns display a particularly stable magnetic configuration due to a deep minimum in the energy of the system caused by flux closure and a corresponding reduction of the magnetostatic energy without an increase in energy by exchange and anisotropy terms across the walls. This occurs because light-ion bombardment affects an element's relative contribution to the properties of the ferrimagnet differently. Therefore, it is possible to control the relative contribution from each magnetic subsystem. The selection of material and the use of light-ion bombardment allow us to engineer domain patterns in continuous magnetic films, which open a way to fabricate them in a much smaller scale than currently possible. Our Letter emphasizes that the right criterion to determine the presence or absence of a domain wall is whether there is a rotation of the spin for each sublattice and that changes of the direction of effective magnetization alone do not constitute an appropriate criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Frąckowiak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuświk
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Urbaniak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Matczak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1L, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Michałowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Maziewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1L, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Meike Reginka
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Feliks Stobiecki
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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