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Xin Y, Xing CK, Zhou HD, Liu J. Defects in Pyrochlore Dy2Ti2O7 Thin Film. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1665-1666. [PMID: 37613911 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- National High magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - C K Xing
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - H D Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Xu K, Lin T, Rao Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Zhang H, Zhu J. Direct investigation of the atomic structure and decreased magnetism of antiphase boundaries in garnet. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3206. [PMID: 35680884 PMCID: PMC9184601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferrimagnetic insulator iron garnets, tailored artificially with specific compositions, have been widely utilized in magneto-optical (MO) devices. The adjustment on synthesis always induces structural variation, which is underestimated due to the limited knowledge of the local structures. Here, by analyzing the structure and magnetic properties, two different antiphase boundaries (APBs) with individual interfacial structure are investigated in substituted iron garnet film. We reveal that magnetic signals decrease in the regions close to APBs, which implies degraded MO performance. In particular, the segregation of oxygen deficiencies across the APBs directly leads to reduced magnetic elements, further decreases the magnetic moment of Fe and results in a higher absorption coefficient close to the APBs. Furthermore, the formation of APBs can be eliminated by optimizing the growth rate, thus contributing to the enhanced MO performance. These analyses at the atomic scale provide important guidance for optimizing MO functional materials. Iron garnets are widely used in magneto-optical devices, but knowledge of the effects of common defects on performance is limited. Here, using high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the authors find that magnetism is weakened near these defects causing reduced performance, but can be avoided by tuning the growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Central Nano & Micro Mechanism, Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yiheng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China.,Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - Huaiwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China. .,Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Central Nano & Micro Mechanism, Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.
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Wardini JL, Vahidi H, Guo H, Bowman WJ. Probing Multiscale Disorder in Pyrochlore and Related Complex Oxides in the Transmission Electron Microscope: A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:743025. [PMID: 34917587 PMCID: PMC8668443 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.743025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its counterpart, scanning TEM (STEM), are powerful materials characterization tools capable of probing crystal structure, composition, charge distribution, electronic structure, and bonding down to the atomic scale. Recent (S)TEM instrumentation developments such as electron beam aberration-correction as well as faster and more efficient signal detection systems have given rise to new and more powerful experimental methods, some of which (e.g., 4D-STEM, spectrum-imaging, in situ/operando (S)TEM)) facilitate the capture of high-dimensional datasets that contain spatially-resolved structural, spectroscopic, time- and/or stimulus-dependent information across the sub-angstrom to several micrometer length scale. Thus, through the variety of analysis methods available in the modern (S)TEM and its continual development towards high-dimensional data capture, it is well-suited to the challenge of characterizing isometric mixed-metal oxides such as pyrochlores, fluorites, and other complex oxides that reside on a continuum of chemical and spatial ordering. In this review, we present a suite of imaging and diffraction (S)TEM techniques that are uniquely suited to probe the many types, length-scales, and degrees of disorder in complex oxides, with a focus on disorder common to pyrochlores, fluorites and the expansive library of intermediate structures they may adopt. The application of these techniques to various complex oxides will be reviewed to demonstrate their capabilities and limitations in resolving the continuum of structural and chemical ordering in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Wardini
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hasti Vahidi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Huiming Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - William J. Bowman
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, Irvine, CA, United States
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Abstract
Quantum spin liquids are an exciting playground for exotic physical phenomena and emergent many-body quantum states. The realization and discovery of quantum spin liquid candidate materials and associated phenomena lie at the intersection of solid-state chemistry, condensed matter physics, and materials science and engineering. In this review, we provide the current status of the crystal chemistry, synthetic techniques, physical properties, and research methods in the field of quantum spin liquids. We highlight a number of specific quantum spin liquid candidate materials and their structure-property relationships, elucidating their fascinating behavior and connecting it to the intricacies of their structures. Furthermore, we share our thoughts on defects and their inevitable presence in materials, of which quantum spin liquids are no exception, which can complicate the interpretation of characterization of these materials, and urge the community to extend their attention to materials preparation and data analysis, cognizant of the impact of defects. This review was written with the intention of providing guidance on improving the materials design and growth of quantum spin liquids, and to paint a picture of the beauty of the underlying chemistry of this exciting class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Chamorro
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tyrel M McQueen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thao T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Abstract
We use neutron scattering to show that ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism coexist in the low T state of the pyrochlore quantum magnet [Formula: see text] While magnetic Bragg peaks evidence long-range static ferromagnetic order, inelastic scattering shows that short-range correlated antiferromagnetism is also present. Small-angle neutron scattering provides direct evidence for mesoscale magnetic structure that we associate with metastable antiferromagnetism. Classical Monte Carlo simulations based on exchange interactions inferred from [Formula: see text]-oriented high-field spin wave measurements confirm that antiferromagnetism is metastable within the otherwise ferromagnetic ground state. The apparent lack of coherent spin wave excitations and strong sensitivity to quenched disorder characterizing [Formula: see text] is a consequence of this multiphase magnetism.
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Asai K, Tanaka M, Ogawa T, Matsumoto U, Kawashima N, Kitaoka S, Izumi F, Yoshida M, Sakurada O. Crystal structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Yb2+Ti2−O7−/2 solid solutions. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barry K, Zhang B, Anand N, Xin Y, Vailionis A, Neu J, Heikes C, Cochran C, Zhou H, Qiu Y, Ratcliff W, Siegrist T, Beekman C. Modification of spin-ice physics in Ho2Ti2O7 thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 2019; 3:10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.084412. [PMID: 38617995 PMCID: PMC11015469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We present an extensive study on the effect of substrate orientation, strain, stoichiometry, and defects on spin-ice physics in Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 thin films grown onto yttria-stabilized-zirconia substrates. We find that growth in different orientations produces different strain states in the films. All films exhibit similar c -axis lattice parameters for their relaxed portions, which are consistently larger than the bulk value of 10.1 Å. Transmission electron microscopy reveals antisite disorder and growth defects to be present in the films, but evidence of stuffing is not observed. The amount of disorder depends on the growth orientation, with the (110) film showing the least. Magnetization measurements at 1.8 K show the expected magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization values associated with a spin ice for all orientations; shape anisotropy is apparent when comparing in- and out-of-plane directions. Significantly, only the (110)-oriented films display the hallmark spin-ice plateau state in magnetization, albeit less well defined compared to the plateau observed in a single crystal. Neutron-scattering maps on the more disordered (111)-oriented films show the Q = 0 phase previously observed in bulk materials, but the Q = X phase giving the plateau state remains elusive. We conclude that the spin-ice physics in thin films is modified by defects and strain, leading to a reduction in the temperature at which correlations drive the system into the spin-ice state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Barry
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Biwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Naween Anand
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Neu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Colin Heikes
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Charis Cochran
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Haidong Zhou
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Y. Qiu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - William Ratcliff
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Christianne Beekman
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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