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Alsadi N, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Mueller R, Cuenin C, Chung F, Herceg Z, Matar C. Protective Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Enriched Blueberry Preparation in Preventing Inflammation in the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage in an Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 38275645 PMCID: PMC10812677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB significantly impacts the occurrence of cutaneous disorders, ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic diseases. Polyphenols derived from plants have been found to exhibit photoprotective effects against various factors that contribute to skin cancer. During the fermentation of the polyphenol-enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP), small oligomers of polyphenols were released, thus enhancing their photoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PEBP on UVB-induced skin inflammation. Topical preparations of polyphenols were applied to the skin of dorsally shaved mice. Mice were subsequently exposed to UVB and were sacrificed 90 min after UVB exposure. This study revealed that pretreatment with PEBP significantly inhibited UVB-induced recruitment of mast and neutrophil cells and prevented the loss of skin thickness. Furthermore, the findings show that PEBP treatment resulted in the downregulation of miR-210, 146a, and 155 and the upregulation of miR-200c and miR-205 compared to the UVB-irradiated mice. Additionally, PEBP was found to reduce the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, inhibiting COX-2 and increasing IL-10 after UVB exposure. Moreover, DNA methylation analysis indicated that PEBP might potentially reduce the activation of inflammation-related pathways such as MAPK, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Our finding suggests that topical application of PEBP treatment may effectively prevent UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Felicia Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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De Martino E, Gandin I, Azzalini E, Massone C, Pizzichetta MA, Giulioni E, Javor S, Pinzani C, Conforti C, Zalaudek I, Bonin S. A group of three miRNAs can act as candidate circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies from melanoma patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1180799. [PMID: 37387784 PMCID: PMC10301821 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1180799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staging of melanoma and follow up after melanoma diagnosis aims at predicting risk and detecting progression or recurrence at early stage, respectively in order to timely start and/or change treatment. Tumor thickness according to Breslow, status of the sentinel node and value of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are well-established prognostic markers for metastatic risk, but reliable biomarkers identifying early recurrence or candidates who may benefit best from medical treatment are still warranted. Liquid biopsy has emerged to be a suitable method for identifying biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response prediction, and patient follow-up. Liquid biopsy is a blood-based non-invasive procedure that allows analyzing circulating analytes, including extracellular vesicles. Methods In this study we have explored the use of 7 miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-149-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-134-5p, hsa-miR-144-3p and hsa-miR-221-3p in plasma exosomes to discriminate melanoma patients from controls without melanoma in a cohort of 92 individuals. Results and discussion Our results showed that three out seven miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-144-3p and hsa-miR-221-3p were differentially expressed in plasma-derived exosomes from melanoma patients and controls. Furthermore, the expression of the three miRNAs may be a promising ancillary tool as a melanoma biomarker, even for discriminating between nevi and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Martino
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eros Azzalini
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Massone
- Dermatology Unit and Scientific Directorate, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Oncologic Dermatology Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Erika Giulioni
- Dermatology Unit, AS FO Azienda sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Pinzani
- Oncologic Dermatology Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Conforti
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, ASU GI Azienda sanitaria universitaria integrata Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bonin
- Dermatology and Venerology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Chat V, Dagayev S, Moran U, Snuderl M, Weber J, Ferguson R, Osman I, Kirchhoff T. A genome-wide association study of germline variation and melanoma prognosis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1050741. [PMID: 36741706 PMCID: PMC9894711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The high mortality of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is partly due to unpredictable patterns of disease progression in patients with early-stage lesions. The reliable prediction of advanced disease risk from early-stage CM, is an urgent clinical need, especially given the recent expansion of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to the adjuvant setting. In our study, we comprehensively investigated the role of germline variants as CM prognostic markers. Methods We performed a genome-wide association analysis in two independent cohorts of N=551 (discovery), and N=550 (validation) early-stage immunotherapy-naïve melanoma patients. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify associations with overall survival in the discovery group, followed by a validation analysis. Transcriptomic profiling and survival analysis were used to elucidate the biological relevance of candidate genes associated with CM progression. Results We found two independent associations of germline variants with melanoma prognosis. The alternate alleles of these two SNPs were both associated with an increased risk of death [rs60970102 in MELK: HR=3.14 (2.05-4.81), p=1.48×10-7; and rs77480547 in SH3BP4: HR=3.02 (2.02-4.52), p=7.58×10-8, both in the pooled cohort]. The addition of the combined risk alleles (CRA) of the identified variants into the prognostic model improved the predictive power, as opposed to a model of clinical covariates alone. Conclusions Our study provides suggestive evidence of novel melanoma germline prognostic markers, implicating two candidate genes: an oncogene MELK and a tumor suppressor SH3BP4, both previously suggested to affect CM progression. Pending further validation, these findings suggest that the genetic factors may improve the prognostic stratification of high-risk early-stage CM patients, and propose putative biological insights for potential therapeutic investigation of these targets to prevent aggressive outcome from early-stage melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vylyny Chat
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sasha Dagayev
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Una Moran
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Ferguson
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Tomas Kirchhoff, ; Robert Ferguson,
| | - Iman Osman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Tomas Kirchhoff, ; Robert Ferguson,
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4
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Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Oxidative-Stress-Sensitive microRNAs in UV-Promoted Development of Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133224. [PMID: 35804995 PMCID: PMC9265047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for skin cancer. Melanoma is the most life-threatening type of skin cancer. UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress represent two main mechanisms that, directly and indirectly, contribute to melanomagenesis. In addition, an interplay of abnormally expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and redox imbalance is a hallmark in several cancers, including melanoma. UV radiation can be the central hub between these two cellular aberrations, as it is able to stimulate both. Here, to gain new mechanistic insights into melanomagenesis and identify new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of melanoma, we report current evidence suggesting a complex interaction between UV-promoted deregulation of redox-sensitive miRNAs and known signal-transduction pathways underlying malignant transformation of melanocytes to melanoma. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer. Key molecular events underlying the melanocytic transformation into malignant melanoma mainly involve gene mutations in which exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a prominent role. However, several aspects of UV-induced melanomagenesis remain to be explored. Interestingly, redox-mediated signaling and perturbed microRNA (miRNA) profiles appear to be interconnected contributing factors able to act synergistically in melanoma initiation and progression. Since UV radiation can promote both redox imbalance and miRNA dysregulation, a harmful crosstalk between these two key cellular networks, with UV as central hub among them, is likely to occur in skin tissue. Therefore, decoding the complex circuits that orchestrate the interaction of UV exposure, oxidative stress, and dysregulated miRNA profiling can provide a deep understanding of the molecular basis of the melanomagenesis process. Furthermore, these mechanistic insights into the reciprocal regulation between these systems could have relevant implications for future therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting UV-induced redox and miRNome imbalances for the prevention and treatment of malignant melanoma. In this review, we illustrate current information on the intricate connection between UV-induced dysregulation of redox-sensitive miRNAs and well-known signaling pathways involved in the malignant transformation of normal melanocytes to malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, N.C. Research Campus, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Environment and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-704-250-5433
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Prognostic Value of IGF2 mRNA-Binding Protein 3 (IGF2BP3) Intratumoral Expression in Melanoma Patients at the Time of Diagnosis: Comparative Analysis of RT-qPCR Versus Immunohistochemistry. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092319. [PMID: 35565448 PMCID: PMC9100051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 80% of skin cancer deaths are due to melanoma. An accurate prognosis of melanoma clinical behavior from primary tumors is important for therapeutic patient management, currently based on histopathological features. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the clinical significance of IGF2BP3 mRNA and protein expression in melanoma progression and to evaluate which quantification method, RT-qPCR or immunohistochemistry, provides a more reliable prognostic value of IGF2BP3 expression in primary tumors. We found that IGF2BP3 mRNA expression correlated better with clinicopathologic melanoma features than the corresponding proteins and that patients with higher IGF2BP3 mRNA levels were at more risk for earlier development of metastasis, confirming its impact on melanoma survival. Our findings support the use of IGF2BP3 mRNA levels as an independent prognostic biomarker and the implementation of its RT-qPCR analysis for routine melanoma assessment, even for the earliest stages, to improve melanoma clinical outcomes and individualized treatment. Abstract Screening for prognostic biomarkers is crucial for clinical melanoma management. Insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) has emerged as a potential melanoma diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. It is commonly tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our study retrospectively examines IGF2BP3 mRNA and protein expression in primary melanomas, their correlation with clinicopathologic factors, clinical outcome, and selected miRNAs expression, and their efficiency in predicting melanoma progression and survival. RT-qPCR and IHC on IGF2BP3 expression were performed in 61 cryopreserved and 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary melanomas, respectively, and correlated to clinicopathologic factors, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and melanoma -specific survival (MSS). The correlation between RT-qPCR and IHC was significant but moderate. IGF2BP3 mRNA showed a stronger association with clinicopathologic factors (Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitosis rate, growth phase, development of metastasis, and melanoma-specific survival) than its protein counterpart. Interestingly, higher IGF2BP3 mRNA expression was detected in primary melanomas that further metastasized to distant sites and was an independent prognostic factor for the risk of unfavorable DMFS and MSS. RT-qPCR outperformed IHC in sensitivity and in predicting worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, RT-qPCR may successfully be implemented for routine IGF2BP3 assessing for the selection of melanoma patients with a higher risk of developing distant metastasis and dying of melanoma.
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Sánchez-Sendra B, González-Muñoz JF, Pérez-Debén S, Monteagudo C. The Prognostic Value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 in Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Is Independent of BRAF Mutational Status. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061532. [PMID: 35326682 PMCID: PMC8946551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. On the one hand, most melanomas contain mutations in the BRAF gene (predominantly V600E), and on the other hand, miRNAs modulate different steps in melanoma development and progression, but there are no reports that study the relation between BRAF mutational status and the expression of miRNAs, which is important for an accurate patient prognosis. The aim of our retrospective study was to know whether BRAF mutations influence the prognostic value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 intratumoral expression in primary cutaneous melanomas. Globally, our results showed that miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 expression predicted the clinical outcome of primary melanomas independently of BRAF status. Thus, our findings support that BRAF mutations alone do not predict the risk of metastasis development or melanoma survival and that miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 may be considered as accurate prognostic biomarkers in melanoma regardless of BRAF mutational status. Abstract BRAF mutations are present in around 50% of cutaneous malignant melanomas and are related to a poor outcome in advanced-stage melanoma patients. miRNAs are epigenetic regulators that modulate different cellular processes in cancer, including melanoma development and progression. However, there are no studies on the potential associations of the genetic alterations of the BRAF gene with miRNA expression in primary cutaneous melanomas. Here, in order to analyze the influence of BRAF mutations in the ability of selected miRNAs to predict clinical outcome and patient survival at the time of diagnosis, we studied the prognostic value of miR-125b, miR-200c and miR-205 expression depending on the BRAF mutational status in fresh, frozen primary tumor specimens. For this purpose, RNA was extracted for studying both BRAF mutations by Sanger sequencing and miRNA expression. Our results indicate that, although there seems to be a slight preference for their predictive ability in the BRAF mutated group, the expression of these three miRNAs serves effectively to predict the clinical outcome of melanoma patients independently of BRAF mutational status at the time of primary tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
| | | | - Silvia Pérez-Debén
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.G.-M.); (S.P.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-398-3953
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Korfiati A, Grafanaki K, Kyriakopoulos GC, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Sakellaropoulos G, Stathopoulos C. Revisiting miRNA Association with Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis from a Machine Learning Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1299. [PMID: 35163222 PMCID: PMC8836065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs in cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been broadly studied and supported by advanced bioinformatics tools. From early studies using miRNA arrays with several limitations, to the recent NGS-derived miRNA expression profiles, an accurate diagnostic panel of a comprehensive pre-specified set of miRNAs that could aid timely identification of specific cancer stages is still elusive, mainly because of the heterogeneity of the approaches and the samples. Herein, we summarize the existing studies that report several miRNAs as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CM. Using publicly available NGS data, we analyzed the correlation of specific miRNA expression profiles with the expression signatures of known gene targets. Combining network analytics with machine learning, we developed specific non-linear classification models that could successfully predict CM recurrence and metastasis, based on two newly identified miRNA signatures. Subsequent unbiased analyses and independent test sets (i.e., a dataset not used for training, as a validation cohort) using our prediction models resulted in 73.85% and 82.09% accuracy in predicting CM recurrence and metastasis, respectively. Overall, our approach combines detailed analysis of miRNA profiles with heuristic optimization and machine learning, which facilitates dimensionality reduction and optimization of the prediction models. Our approach provides an improved prediction strategy that could serve as an auxiliary tool towards precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli Korfiati
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - George Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
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Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121929. [PMID: 34946878 PMCID: PMC8701953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It has a number of subtypes, which include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, capable of regulating gene expression at a post transcriptional level. They play a pivotal role in a variety of physiologic cellular functions and pathologies, including malignant diseases. The development of miRNAs represents an important study field, which has been extensively exploited in melanoma for almost a decade with promising results, therefore we consider it a stepstone for further research projects also in non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature in order to present the role of the different miRNAs in some of the most frequent types of NMSC pertaining to oncogenesis, evolution and therapy. The most relevant and accurate available data from the literature were evaluated. Our study concluded that there are almost 100 miRNAs which can be upregulated or downregulated and can play a role in oncogenesis. They can be easily identified in circulation, are stable and they can be important diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring markers.
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9
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Non-coding RNA dysregulation in skin cancers. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:641-655. [PMID: 34414406 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common cancers worldwide. They can be classified in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the latter includes squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In recent years, the crucial role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in skin cancer pathogenesis has become increasingly evident. NcRNAs are functional RNA molecules that lack any protein-coding activity. These ncRNAs are classified based on their length: small, medium-size, and long ncRNAs. Among the most studied ncRNAs there are microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNA (circRNAs). ncRNAs have the ability to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are involved in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Many ncRNAs exhibit tissue- or cell-specific expression while others have been correlated to tumor staging, drug resistance, and prognosis. For these reasons, ncRNAs have both a diagnostic and prognostic significance in skin cancers. Our review summarizes the functional role of ncRNAs in skin cancers and their potential clinical application as biomarkers.
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10
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M. MicroRNA Signature in Melanoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608987. [PMID: 33968718 PMCID: PMC8100681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasms. Molecular changes occurring during the pathogenic processes of initiation and progression of melanoma are diverse and include activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes, hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, inactivation of p53 and alterations in CDK4/CDKN2A axis. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified to be implicated in the biology of melanoma through modulation of expression of genes being involved in these pathways. In the current review, we provide a summary of the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Ge X, Niture S, Lin M, Cagle P, Li PA, Kumar D. MicroRNA-205-5p inhibits skin cancer cell proliferation and increase drug sensitivity by targeting TNFAIP8. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5660. [PMID: 33707587 PMCID: PMC7952414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a member of the TIPE/TNFAIP8 family which regulates tumor growth and survival. Our goal is to delineate the detailed oncogenic role of TNFAIP8 in skin cancer development and progression. Here we demonstrated that higher expression of TNFAIP8 is associated with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma development in patient tissues. Induction of TNFAIP8 expression by TNFα or by ectopic expression of TNFAIP8 in SCC or melanoma cell lines resulted in increased cell growth/proliferation. Conversely, silencing of TNFAIP8 decreased cell survival/cell migration in skin cancer cells. We also showed that miR-205-5p targets the 3'UTR of TNFAIP8 and inhibits TNFAIP8 expression. Moreover, miR-205-5p downregulates TNFAIP8 mediated cellular autophagy, increased sensitivity towards the B-RAFV600E mutant kinase inhibitor vemurafenib, and induced cell apoptosis in melanoma cells. Collectively our data indicate that miR-205-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in skin cancer by targeting TNFAIP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Ge
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.,Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| | - Minghui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Forth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Patrice Cagle
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-Manufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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12
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Zhu J, Deng J, Zhang L, Zhao J, Zhou F, Liu N, Cai R, Wu J, Shu B, Qi S. Reconstruction of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA reveals functional lncRNAs in skin cutaneous melanoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:927. [PMID: 32993558 PMCID: PMC7523354 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skin cutaneous melanoma is the most common and dangerous skin tumour, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Although some progress has been made in genetic research, no molecular indicators related to the treatment and prognosis of melanoma have been found. In various diseases, dysregulation of lncRNA is common, but its role has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the birth of the "competitive endogenous RNA" theory has promoted our understanding of lncRNAs. METHODS To identify the key lncRNAs in melanoma, we reconstructed a global triple network based on the "competitive endogenous RNA" theory. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integration Discovery). Our findings were validated through qRT-PCR assays. Moreover, to determine whether the identified hub gene signature is capable of predicting the survival of cutaneous melanoma patients, a multivariate Cox regression model was performed. RESULTS According to the "competitive endogenous RNA" theory, 898 differentially expressed mRNAs, 53 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 16 differentially expressed miRNAs were selected to reconstruct the competitive endogenous RNA network. MALAT1, LINC00943, and LINC00261 were selected as hub genes and are responsible for the tumorigenesis and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. CONCLUSIONS MALAT1, LINC00943, and LINC00261 may be closely related to tumorigenesis in cutaneous melanoma. In addition, MALAT1 and LINC00943 may be independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with this condition and might become predictive molecules for the long-term treatment of melanoma and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Zhu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizhao Cai
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Loureiro JB, Abrantes M, Oliveira PA, Saraiva L. P53 in skin cancer: From a master player to a privileged target for prevention and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188438. [PMID: 32980466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of skin cancer (SC) is a global health concern. The commonly reported side effects and resistance mechanisms have imposed the pursuit for new therapeutic alternatives. Moreover, additional preventive strategies should be adopted to strengthen prevention and reduce the rising number of newly SC cases. This review provides relevant insights on the role of p53 tumour suppressor protein in melanoma and non-melanoma skin carcinogenesis, also highlighting the therapeutic potential of p53-targeting drugs against SC. In fact, several evidences are provided demonstrating the encouraging outcomes achieved with p53-activating drugs, alone and in combination with currently available therapies in SC. Another pertinent perspective falls on targeting p53 mutations, as molecular signatures in premature phases of photocarcinogenesis, in future SC preventive approaches. Overall, this review affords a critical and timely discussion of relevant issues related to SC prevention and therapy. Importantly, it paves the way to future studies that may boost the clinical translation of p53-activating agents, making them new effective alternatives in precision medicine of SC therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium/Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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15
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Distinguishing Tumor and Stromal Sources of MicroRNAs Linked to Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100802. [PMID: 32474365 PMCID: PMC7260684 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in cancer causes changes in gene expression programs regulating tumor progression and metastasis. Candidate metastasis suppressor miRNA are often identified by differential expression in primary tumors compared to metastases. Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) tumors (97 primary, 350 metastatic), and identified candidate metastasis-suppressor miRNAs. Differential expression analysis revealed miRNA significantly downregulated in metastatic tumors, including miR-205, miR-203, miR-200a-c, and miR-141. Furthermore, sequential feature selection and classification analysis identified miR-205 and miR-203 as the miRNA best able to discriminate between primary and metastatic tumors. However, cell-type enrichment analysis revealed that gene expression signatures for epithelial cells, including keratinocytes and sebocytes, were present in primary tumors and significantly correlated with expression of the candidate metastasis-suppressor miRNA. Examination of miRNA expression in cell lines revealed that candidate metastasis-suppressor miRNA identified in the SKCM tumors, were largely absent in melanoma cells or melanocytes, and highly restricted to keratinocytes and other epithelial cell types. Indeed, the differences in stromal cell composition between primary and metastatic tumor tissues is the main basis for identification of differential miRNA that were previously classified as metastasis-suppressor miRNAs. We conclude that future studies must consider tumor-intrinsic and stromal sources of miRNA in their workflow to identify bone fide metastasis-suppressor miRNA in cutaneous melanoma and other cancers.
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16
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Sánchez-Sendra B, Serna E, Navarro L, González-Muñoz JF, Portero J, Ramos A, Murgui A, Monteagudo C. Transcriptomic identification of miR-205 target genes potentially involved in metastasis and survival of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4771. [PMID: 32179834 PMCID: PMC7075905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Several miRNAs are involved in melanoma tumor progression. One of them is miR-205, the loss of which contributes to the development of melanoma metastasis. We evaluated whole-genome mRNA expression profiling associated with different miR-205 expression levels in melanoma cells. Differential expression analysis identified 243 differentially expressed transcripts including inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase-like protein-1 (INPPL1) and BTB/POZ Domain-Containing Protein 3 (BTBD3). INPPL1 and BTBD3 were downregulated when melanoma cells expressed miR-205, indicating that these genes are potential miR-205 targets. Additionally, the target prediction algorithm TargetScan revealed that INPPL1 and BTBD3 genes had predicted target sites of miR-205 in their 3′UTRs and functional analysis demonstrated that these genes were directly linked to miR-205. Interestingly, our clinical data showed that INPPL1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis-free survival (LNMFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and melanoma specific survival (MSS). This study supports INPPL1 as a miR-205 target gene and, therefore, that the involvement of miR-205 in the metastatic dissemination of malignant melanoma is, at least in part, via INPPL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Lara Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Consortium Hospital General Universitario de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Jesica Portero
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain
| | - Amelia Murgui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, València, Spain.
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17
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Sánchez-Sendra B, García-Giménez JL, González-Muñoz JF, Navarro L, Murgui A, Terrádez L, Pinazo I, Martin JM, Monteagudo C. Circulating miRNA expression analysis reveals new potential biomarkers for human cutaneous melanoma staging. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e126-e129. [PMID: 31710393 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Sánchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - J L García-Giménez
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - L Navarro
- Consortium Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Murgui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Terrádez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Pinazo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Cretoiu SM, Zurac S. miRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Skin Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:71. [PMID: 32185171 PMCID: PMC7058916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is, at present, the most common type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Its incidence has increased rapidly in the last decade for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers, including skin cancers. Since miRNAs’ discovery as regulators of gene expression, their importance grew in the field of oncology. miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, tumor initiation, development progression, and aggressiveness. Nowadays, these short regulatory RNAs are perceived as one of the epigenetic markers for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers. Moreover, as miRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, they might eventually represent new therapy targets. Some miRNAs are pleiotropic, such as miR-214, which was found deregulated in several other tumors besides skin cancers. Some others are specific for one or more skin cancer types, like miR-21 and miR-221 for cutaneous melanoma and cutaneous squamous carcinoma or miR-155 for melanoma and cutaneous lymphoma. The goal of this review was to summarize some of the main miRNA detection technologies that are used to evaluate miRNAs in tissues and body fluids. Furthermore, their quantification limits, conformity, and robustness are discussed. Aberrant miRNA expression is analyzed for cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), skin lymphomas, cutaneous lymphoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In this type of disease, miRNAs are described as potential biomarkers to diagnose early lesion and/or early metastatic disease. In the future, whether in tissue or circulating in body fluids, miRNAs will gain their place in skin cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Huang M, Li X, Zhou C, Si M, Zheng H, Chen L, Ding H. Noncoding RNA miR-205-5p mediates osteoporosis pathogenesis and osteoblast differentiation by regulating RUNX2. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:4196-4203. [PMID: 31886577 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a kind of noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in disease pathogenesis by regulating gene expression. However, the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in osteoporosis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we aim to explore the genome-wide miRNAs expression profile and the regulatory mechanism of miR-205-5p in osteoporosis. A total of 72 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in osteoporosis via microarray technology and bioinformatics analysis. We focused on one of the abnormally expressed miRNAs, miR-205-5p, which was previously unknown in osteoporosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that miR-205-5p was upregulated in osteoporosis samples and its expression was gradually decreased during osteogenic differentiation. Besides, miR-205-5p overexpression could inhibit the activity of osteoblast markers, including collagen, type I, α 1 (COL1A1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) while miR-205-5p inhibition showed the opposite results. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis identified the potential targets of miR-205-5p, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), SMAD1 and BCL6, etc. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed RUNX2 was directly targeted by miR-205-5p. Furthermore, the rescue experiments showed that RUNX2 overexpression could significantly weaken the effect of miR-205-5p on osteoblast markers, indicating that miR-205-5p may inhibit osteogenic differentiation by targeting RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, China
| | - Min Si
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianhua Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongcheng Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, ShiYan People's Hospital & Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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20
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Lu T, Chen S, Qu L, Wang Y, Chen HD, He C. Identification of a five-miRNA signature predicting survival in cutaneous melanoma cancer patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7831. [PMID: 31660262 PMCID: PMC6814066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed abnormally in melanoma tissues. Our work aimed to assess multiple miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis in order to predict the prognoses of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods The microarray dataset GSE35579 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to detect the differential expression of miRNAs (DEMs), including 41 melanoma (primary and metastatic) tissues and 11 benign nevi. Clinical information and miRNA sequencing data of cutaneous melanoma tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) to assess the prognostic values of DEMs. Additionally, the target genes of DEMs were anticipated using miRanda, miRmap, TargetScan, and PicTar. Finally, functional analysis was performed using selected target genes on the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. Results After performing bioinformatic analysis, a total of 185 DEMs were identified: 80 upregulated miRNAs and 105 downregulated miRNAs. A five-miRNA (miR-25, miR-204, miR-211, miR-510, miR-513c) signature was discovered to be a potential significant prognostic biomarker of cutaneous melanoma when using the Kaplan–Meier survival method (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the five-miRNA signature could be an independent prognostic marker (HR = 0.605, P = 0.006) in cutaneous melanoma patients. Biological pathway analysis indicated that the target genes may be involved in PI3K-Akt pathways, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and focal adhesion. Conclusion The identified five-miRNA signature may serve as a prognostic biomarker, or as a potential therapeutic target, in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Chundi He
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
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21
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Thyagarajan A, Tsai KY, Sahu RP. MicroRNA heterogeneity in melanoma progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:208-220. [PMID: 31163254 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The altered expression of miRNAs has been linked with neocarcinogenesis or the development of human malignancies including melanoma. Of significance, multiple clinical studies have documented that distinct sets of microRNAs (miRNAs) could be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for cancer development or predict the outcomes of treatment responses. To that end, an in-depth validation of such differentially expressed miRNAs is necessary in diverse settings of cancer patients in order to devise novel approaches to control tumor growth and/or enhance the efficacy of clinically-relevant therapeutic options. Moreover, considering the heterogeneity and sophisticated regulation of miRNAs, the precise delineation of their cellular targets could also be explored to design personalized medicine. Given the significance of miRNAs in regulating several key cellular processes of tumor cells including cell cycle progression and apoptosis, we review the findings of such miRNAs implicated in melanoma tumorigenesis. Understanding the novel mechanistic insights of such miRNAs will be useful for developing diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or devising future therapeutic intervention for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology & Tumor Biology at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ravi P Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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