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Jiao C, Jin H, Zhang M, Liu D, Huang P, Bai Y, Dai J, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang H. A bacterium-like particle vaccine displaying protective feline herpesvirus 1 antigens can induce an immune response in mice and cats. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109898. [PMID: 37931577 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a highly transmissible virus that mainly causes ocular and upper respiratory infections in cats and seriously threatens the health of domestic cats and captive or wild cats (such as tigers, cheetahs, and lions). Vaccination is crucial to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cats infected with FHV-1. In this study, three bacterium-like particles (BLPs) displaying the gB, gC, and gD proteins of FHV-1 were constructed based on a gram-positive enhancer matrix-protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system. Indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and electron microscopy results showed that gB, gC or gD protein of FHV-1 was successfully displayed on the surface of GEM particles. Additionally, we designed one more BLPs, designated gB&gC&gD-GEM, which consisted of a mixture of gB-GEM, gC-GEM, and gD-GEM at a protein content ratio of 1:1:1. Mice were immunized with the four BLPs mixed with Gel02 adjuvant, and the results indicated that neutralizing antibody level in the gB&gC&gD-GEM group was superior than those in the other groups. Moreover, gB&gC&gD-GEM significantly increased the secretion of cytokines, as well as the activation and maturation of B cells. It also boosted the production of central memory T cells among CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Moreover, gB&gC&gD-GEM mixed with Gel02 adjuvant provoked an antibody response in cats. In conclusion, the BLPs vaccine prepared from gB&gC&gD-GEM induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses to FHV-1 and be used as a potential vaccine candidate for the control of FHV-1 infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Di Liu
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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2
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Lareau CA, Yin Y, Maurer K, Sandor KD, Daniel B, Yagnik G, Peña J, Crawford JC, Spanjaart AM, Gutierrez JC, Haradhvala NJ, Riberdy JM, Abay T, Stickels RR, Verboon JM, Liu V, Buquicchio FA, Wang F, Southard J, Song R, Li W, Shrestha A, Parida L, Getz G, Maus MV, Li S, Moore A, Roberts ZJ, Ludwig LS, Talleur AC, Thomas PG, Dehghani H, Pertel T, Kundaje A, Gottschalk S, Roth TL, Kersten MJ, Wu CJ, Majzner RG, Satpathy AT. Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells. Nature 2023; 623:608-615. [PMID: 37938768 PMCID: PMC10999258 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies have yielded durable clinical benefits for patients with cancer, but the risks associated with the development of therapies from manipulated human cells are understudied. For example, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of toxicities observed in patients receiving T cell therapies, including recent reports of encephalitis caused by reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)1. Here, through petabase-scale viral genomics mining, we examine the landscape of human latent viral reactivation and demonstrate that HHV-6B can become reactivated in cultures of human CD4+ T cells. Using single-cell sequencing, we identify a rare population of HHV-6 'super-expressors' (about 1 in 300-10,000 cells) that possess high viral transcriptional activity, among research-grade allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. By analysing single-cell sequencing data from patients receiving cell therapy products that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration2 or are in clinical studies3-5, we identify the presence of HHV-6-super-expressor CAR T cells in patients in vivo. Together, the findings of our study demonstrate the utility of comprehensive genomics analyses in implicating cell therapy products as a potential source contributing to the lytic HHV-6 infection that has been reported in clinical trials1,6-8 and may influence the design and production of autologous and allogeneic cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yajie Yin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katie Maurer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katalin D Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - José Peña
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne M Spanjaart
- Department of Hematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob C Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Janice M Riberdy
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tsion Abay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert R Stickels
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Vincent Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank A Buquicchio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fangyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jackson Southard
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ren Song
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Gad Getz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Moore
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Leif S Ludwig
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aimee C Talleur
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie J Kersten
- Department of Hematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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James Bates RE, Browne E, Schalks R, Jacobs H, Tan L, Parekh P, Magliozzi R, Calabrese M, Mazarakis ND, Reynolds R. Lymphotoxin-alpha expression in the meninges causes lymphoid tissue formation and neurodegeneration. Brain 2022; 145:4287-4307. [PMID: 35776111 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organised meningeal immune cell infiltrates are suggested to play an important role in cortical grey matter pathology in the multiple sclerosis brain, but the mechanisms involved are as yet unresolved. Lymphotoxin-alpha plays a key role in lymphoid organ development and cellular cytotoxicity in the immune system and its expression is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of naïve and progressive multiple sclerosis patients and post-mortem meningeal tissue. Here we show that persistently increased levels of lymphotoxin alpha in the cerebral meninges can give rise to lymphoid-like structures and underlying multiple sclerosis-like cortical pathology. Stereotaxic injections of recombinant lymphotoxin-alpha into the rat meninges led to acute meningeal inflammation and subpial demyelination that resolved after 28 days, with demyelination being dependent on prior sub-clinical immunisation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Injection of a lymphotoxin-alpha lentiviral vector into the cortical meningeal space, to produce chronic localised over-expression of the cytokine, induced extensive lymphoid-like immune cell aggregates, maintained over 3 months, including T-cell rich zones containing podoplanin+ fibroblastic reticular stromal cells and B-cell rich zones with a network of follicular dendritic cells, together with expression of lymphoid chemokines and their receptors. Extensive microglial and astroglial activation, subpial demyelination and marked neuronal loss occurred in the underlying cortical parenchyma. Whereas subpial demyelination was partially dependent on prior myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunisation, the neuronal loss was present irrespective of immunisation. Conditioned medium from LTα treated microglia was able to induce a reactive phenotype in astrocytes. Our results show that chronic lymphotoxin-alpha overexpression alone is sufficient to induce formation of meningeal lymphoid-like structures and subsequent neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in the progressive multiple sclerosis brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E James Bates
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Eleanor Browne
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Renee Schalks
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Heather Jacobs
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Li Tan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Puja Parekh
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK.,Neurology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- Neurology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Nicholas D Mazarakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, UK.,Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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