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Kumar N, Lee SY, Park SJ. Recent Progress and Challenges in Paper-Based Microsupercapacitors for Flexible Electronics: A Comprehensive Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21367-21382. [PMID: 38631339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in paper-based microsupercapacitors (p-MSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential as substrates for flexible electronics. This review summarizes progress in the field of p-MSCs, discussing their challenges and prospects. It covers various aspects, including the fundamental characteristics of paper, the modification of paper with functional materials, and different methods for device fabrication. The review critically analyzes recent advancements, materials, and fabrication techniques for p-MSCs, exploring their potential applications and benefits, such as flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Additionally, this review highlights gaps in current research, guiding future investigations and innovations in the field. It provides an overview of the current state of p-MSCs and offers valuable insights for researchers and professionals in the field. The critical analysis and discussion presented herein offer a roadmap for the future development of p-MSCs and their potential impact on the domain of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bahavarnia F, Kohansal F, Hasanzadeh M. One-drop chemosensing of dapoxetine hydrochloride using opto-analysis by multi-channel μPAD decorated silver nanoparticles: introducing a paper-based microfluidic portable device/sensor toward naked-eye pharmaceutical analysis by lab-on-paper technology. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2610-2620. [PMID: 38226144 PMCID: PMC10788682 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dapoxetine (DPX) belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class and functions by blocking the serotonin transporter and increasing serotonin activity, thereby delaying ejaculation. Therefore, monitoring of the concentration of DPX in human biofluids is important for clinicians. In this study, application of silver nanoparticles with the morphology of prisms (AgNPrs) for the sensitive measurement of DPX using colorimetric chemosensing and the spectrophotometric method was investigated. Also, DPX was determined in real samples using the spectrophotometry method. Based on the obtained results, all of the detection process in colorimetric assay is related to morphological reform of AgNPrs after it's specific electrostatic and covalent interaction with DPX as analyte. The UV-vis results indicate that the proposed AgNPrs-based chemosensing system has a wide range of linearity (0.01 μM to 1 mM) with a low limit of quantification of 0.01 μM in human urine samples, which is suitable for clinical analysis of this drug in human urine samples. It is important to point out that, this chemosensing strategy showed inappropriate analytical results for the detection of DPX in human urine samples which is a novelty of this platform. Finally, the optimized microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was integrated with the colorimetric analysis of DPX to provide a time/color system for estimating analyte concentration by a portable substrate toward in situ and on-site biomedical analysis. Interestingly, the analytical validation tests showed appropriate results with great stability, which may facilitate commercialization of the engineered substrate. For the first time, in order to provide a simple and portable colorimetric/spectrophotometric recognition system to sensitive determination of DPX, an optimized pump-less microfluidic paper-based colorimetric device (μPCD) was introduced and validated for the real-time biomedical analysis of this analyte. According to the obtained results, this alternative approach is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and biomedical analysis by miniaturized and cost-beneficial devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahavarnia
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Fereshteh Kohansal
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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3
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Brookwell AW, Gonzalez JL, Martinez AW, Oza JP. Development of Solid-State Storage for Cell-Free Expression Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2561-2577. [PMID: 37490644 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The fragility of biological systems during storage, transport, and utilization necessitates reliable cold-chain infrastructure and limits the potential of biotechnological applications. In order to unlock the broad applications of existing and emerging biological technologies, we report the development of a novel solid-state storage platform for complex biologics. The resulting solid-state biologics (SSB) platform meets four key requirements: facile rehydration of solid materials, activation of biochemical activity, ability to support complex downstream applications and functionalities, and compatibility for deployment in a variety of reaction formats and environments. As a model system of biochemical complexity, we utilized crudeEscherichia colicell extracts that retain active cellular metabolism and support robust levels of in vitro transcription and translation. We demonstrate broad versatility and utility of SSB through proof-of-concepts for on-demand in vitro biomanufacturing of proteins at a milliliter scale, the activation of downstream CRISPR activity, as well as deployment on paper-based devices. SSBs unlock a breadth of applications in biomanufacturing, discovery, diagnostics, and education in resource-limited environments on Earth and in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- August W Brookwell
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jorge L Gonzalez
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Andres W Martinez
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Javin P Oza
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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4
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Holman JB, Shi Z, Fadahunsi AA, Li C, Ding W. Advances on microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108093. [PMID: 36603801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of the first electrochemical devices on paper substrates, many different reports of microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical devices (μPEDs), innovative hydrophobic barriers and electrode fabrication processes have allowed the incorporation of diverse materials, resulting in different applications and a boost in performance. These advancements have led to the creation of paper-based devices with comparable performance to many standard conventional devices, with the added benefits of pumpless fluidic transport, component separation and reagent storage that can be exploited to automate and handle sample preprocessing. Herein, we review μPEDs, summarize the characteristics and functionalities of μPEDs, such as separation, fluid flow control and storage, and outline the conventional and emerging fabrication and modification approaches for μPEDs. We also examine the recent application of μPEDs in biomedicine, the environment, and food and water safety, as well as some limitations and challenges that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Benjamin Holman
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhengdi Shi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Adeola A Fadahunsi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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5
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Ashrafi AM, Bytešníková Z, Cané C, Richtera L, Vallejos S. New trends in methyl salicylate sensing and their implications in agriculture. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115008. [PMID: 36577177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSal) is an organic compound present in plants during stress events and is therefore a key marker for early plant disease detection. It has usually been detected by conventional methods that require bulky and costly equipment, such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry. Currently, however, chemical sensors provide an alternative for MeSal monitoring, showing good performance for its determination in the vapour or liquid phase. The most promising concepts used in MeSal determination include sensors based on electrochemical and conductometric principles, although other technologies based on mass-sensitive, microwave, or spectrophotometric principles also show promise. The receptor elements or sensitive materials are shown to be part of the key elements in these sensing technologies. A literature survey identified a significant contribution of bioreceptors, including enzymes, odourant-binding proteins or peptides, as well as receptors based on polymers or inorganic materials in MeSal determination. This work reviews these concepts and materials and discusses their future prospects and limitations for application in plant health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Bytešníková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C Cané
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Vallejos
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Khosravi H, Mehrdel P, Martínez JAL, Casals-Terré J. Porous Cellulose Substrate Study to Improve the Performance of Diffusion-Based Ionic Strength Sensors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1074. [PMID: 36363629 PMCID: PMC9699251 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) are leading the field of low-cost, quantitative in-situ assays. However, understanding the flow behavior in cellulose-based membranes to achieve an accurate and rapid response has remained a challenge. Previous studies focused on commercial filter papers, and one of their problems was the time required to perform the test. This work studies the effect of different cellulose substrates on diffusion-based sensor performance. A diffusion-based sensor was laser cut on different cellulose fibers (Whatman and lab-made Sisal papers) with different structure characteristics, such as basis weight, density, pore size, fiber diameter, and length. Better sensitivity and faster response are found in papers with bigger pore sizes and lower basis weights. The designed sensor has been successfully used to quantify the ionic concentration of commercial wines with a 13.6 mM limit of detection in 30 s. The developed µPAD can be used in quantitative assays for agri-food applications without the need for any external equipment or trained personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khosravi
- Mechanical Engineering Department—MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Colom 7-11, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pouya Mehrdel
- Mechanical Engineering Department—MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Colom 7-11, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Antoni López Martínez
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), AV. Bases de Manresa 61-73, 08240 Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Casals-Terré
- Mechanical Engineering Department—MicroTech Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Colom 7-11, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Ruiz RA, Gonzalez JL, Vazquez-Alvarado M, Martinez NW, Martinez AW. Beyond Wax Printing: Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Thermal Transfer Printer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8833-8837. [PMID: 35694851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices, also known as microPADs, are an emerging analytical platform with the potential to improve point-of-care diagnostics. MicroPADs are fabricated by patterning hydrophobic inks onto sheets of paper to create hydrophilic channels and test zones. One of the main advantages of microPADs is that they are inexpensive and simple to fabricate, making them accessible even to researchers with limited budgets or no prior fabrication expertise. Wax printing, where a solid ink printer is used to pattern wax on paper, has been the most convenient and popular method for fabricating paper-based microfluidic devices. Unfortunately, solid ink printers were discontinued in 2016 and are no longer available commercially. Here we introduce a method for fabricating microPADs using a portable thermal transfer printer that retains the convenience of wax printing. Devices fabricated by thermal transfer printing were comparable to devices fabricated via wax printing and laser printing. The low cost, convenience, and portability of the thermal transfer printer make this approach an exciting prospect for replacing wax printing and facilitating the continued development of paper-based microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jorge L Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Andres W Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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8
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The Loan Trinh K, Ri Chae W, Yoon Lee N. Recent advances in the fabrication strategies of paper-based microfluidic devices for rapid detection of bacteria and viruses. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Development of a one-step analysis method for several amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3427. [PMID: 35236904 PMCID: PMC8891284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step analysis method was developed for four types of amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device fabricated from chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was used to detect each amino acid. The obtained laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) contained four enzymatic reaction areas. Colorimetric detection was performed based on the molybdenum blue reaction. A model method for the simple, easy, and simultaneous detection of several amino acid concentrations was suggested, in contrast to the conventional methods such as HPLC or LC-MS. The method provided a selective quantification at the ranges of 3.6-100 μM for tryptophan, 10.1-100 μM for glycine, 5.9-100 μM for histidine and 5.6-100 μM for lysine with a detection limit of 1.1 μM, 3.3 μM, 1.9 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively. LPAD fabrication was considerably simple, and the subsequent detection process was easy and required a short period of time (within 15 min).
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10
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11
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Laliwala A, Svechkarev D, Sadykov MR, Endres J, Bayles KW, Mohs AM. Simpler Procedure and Improved Performance for Pathogenic Bacteria Analysis with a Paper-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Array. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2615-2624. [PMID: 35073053 PMCID: PMC10091516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, particularly due to a delay in treatment and misidentification of the bacterial species causing the infection. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these pathogens has been of prime importance. The conventional diagnostic techniques include microbiological, biochemical, and genetic analyses, which are time-consuming, require large sample volumes, expensive equipment, reagents, and trained personnel. In response, we have now developed a paper-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor array. Environment-sensitive fluorescent dyes (3-hydroxyflavone derivatives) pre-adsorbed on paper microzone plates fabricated using photolithography, upon interaction with bacterial cell envelopes, generate unique fluorescence response patterns. The stability and reproducibility of the sensor array response were thoroughly investigated, and the analysis procedure was refined for optimal performance. Using neural networks for response pattern analysis, the sensor was able to identify 16 bacterial species and recognize their Gram status with an accuracy rate greater than 90%. The paper-based sensor was stable for up to 6 months after fabrication and required 30 times lower dye and sample volumes as compared to the analogous solution-based sensor. Therefore, this approach opens avenues to a state-of-the-art diagnostic tool that can be potentially translated into clinical applications in low-resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Laliwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Denis Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Marat R. Sadykov
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Jennifer Endres
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
| | - Aaron M. Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5900, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
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Resmi PE, Suneesh PV, Ramachandran T, Babu TGS. Paper based micro/nanofluidics devices for biomedical applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 186:159-190. [PMID: 35033283 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter details the significance, fabrication and biomedical applications of paper-based microfluidic devices. The first part of the chapter describes the importance of paper diagnostic devices, highlighting pretreatment, dipsticks, lateral flow assays, and microPADs. Various methods followed for the fabrication of the paper analytical devices are discussed in the second part. The last part is about some of the important biomedical applications of paper analytical devices. Finally, the challenges and research gaps in the paper microfluidics for biomedical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Resmi
- Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - P V Suneesh
- Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India; Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - T Ramachandran
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - T G Satheesh Babu
- Amrita Biosensor Research Lab, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India; Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Engineering Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India.
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Tseng HY, Lizama JH, Shen YW, Chen CJ. The pursuit of further miniaturization of screen printed micro paper-based analytical devices utilizing controlled penetration towards optimized channel patterning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21496. [PMID: 34728732 PMCID: PMC8563737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main objectives of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices is to present solutions particularly, for applications in low-resource settings. Therefore, screen-printing appears to be an attractive fabrication technique in the field, due to its overall simplicity, affordability, and high-scalability potential. Conversely, the minimum feature size attained using screen-printing is still rather low, especially compared to other fabrication methods, mainly attributed to the over-penetration of hydrophobic agents, underneath defined patterns on masks, into the fiber matrix of paper substrates. In this work, we propose the use of the over-penetration to our advantage, whereby an appropriate combination of hydrophobic agent temperature and substrate thickness, allows for the proper control of channel patterning, rendering considerably higher resolutions than prior arts. The implementation of Xuan paper and nail oil as novel substrate and hydrophobic agent, respectively, is proposed in this work. Under optimum conditions of temperature and substrate thickness, the resolution of the screen-printing method was pushed up to 97.83 ± 16.34 μm of channel width with acceptable repeatability. It was also found that a trade-off exists between achieving considerably high channel resolutions and maintaining high levels of repeatability of the process. Lastly, miniaturized microfluidic channels were successfully patterned on pH strips for colorimetric pH measurement, demonstrating its advantage on negligible sample-volume consumption in nano-liter range during chemical measurement and minimal interference on manipulation of precious samples, which for the first time, is realized on screen-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jose H Lizama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Jen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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14
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Hiraoka H, Shu Z, Tri Le B, Masuda K, Nakamoto K, Fangjie L, Abe N, Hashiya F, Kimura Y, Shimizu Y, Veedu RN, Abe H. Antisense Oligonucleotide Modified with Disulfide Units Induces Efficient Exon Skipping in mdx Myotubes through Enhanced Membrane Permeability and Nucleus Internalization. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3437-3442. [PMID: 34636471 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have found that antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA molecules modified with repeat structures of disulfide units can be directly introduced into the cytoplasm and exhibit a suppressive effect on gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of cellular uptake of these membrane-permeable oligonucleotides (MPONs). Time-course analysis by confocal microscopy showed that the uptake of MPONs from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm reached 50 % of the total uptake in about 5 min. In addition, analysis of the plasma membrane proteins to which MPONs bind, identified several proteins, including voltage-dependent anion channel. Next, we analyzed the behavior of MPONs in the cell and found them to be abundant in the nucleus as early as 24 h after addition with the amount increasing further after 48 and 72 h. The amount of MPONs was 2.5-fold higher than that of unmodified oligonucleotides in the nucleus after 72 h. We also designed antisense oligonucleotides and evaluated the effect of MPONs on mRNA exon skipping using DMD model cells; MPONs caused exon skipping with 69 % efficiency after 72 h, which was three times higher than the rate of the control. In summary, the high capacity for intracytoplasmic and nuclear translocation of MPONs is expected to be useful for therapeutic strategies targeting exon skipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hiraoka
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Zhaoma Shu
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Bao Tri Le
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Keiko Masuda
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamoto
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lyu Fangjie
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Abe
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Hashiya
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Chemistry Department, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.,CREST (Japan) Science and Technology Agency, 7, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Liyanage S, Acharya S, Parajuli P, Shamshina JL, Abidi N. Production and Surface Modification of Cellulose Bioproducts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3433. [PMID: 34641248 PMCID: PMC8512298 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-based synthetic plastics play an important role in our life. As the detrimental health and environmental effects of synthetic plastics continue to increase, the renewable, degradable and recyclable properties of cellulose make subsequent products the "preferred environmentally friendly" alternatives, with a small carbon footprint. Despite the fact that the bioplastic industry is growing rapidly with many innovative discoveries, cellulose-based bioproducts in their natural state face challenges in replacing synthetic plastics. These challenges include scalability issues, high cost of production, and most importantly, limited functionality of cellulosic materials. However, in order for cellulosic materials to be able to compete with synthetic plastics, they must possess properties adequate for the end use and meet performance expectations. In this regard, surface modification of pre-made cellulosic materials preserves the chemical profile of cellulose, its mechanical properties, and biodegradability, while diversifying its possible applications. The review covers numerous techniques for surface functionalization of materials prepared from cellulose such as plasma treatment, surface grafting (including RDRP methods), and chemical vapor and atomic layer deposition techniques. The review also highlights purposeful development of new cellulosic architectures and their utilization, with a specific focus on cellulosic hydrogels, aerogels, beads, membranes, and nanomaterials. The judicious choice of material architecture combined with a specific surface functionalization method will allow us to take full advantage of the polymer's biocompatibility and biodegradability and improve existing and target novel applications of cellulose, such as proteins and antibodies immobilization, enantiomers separation, and composites preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-5019, USA; (S.L.); (S.A.); (P.P.); (J.L.S.)
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16
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Neves ER, Harley BAC, Pedron S. Microphysiological systems to study tumor-stroma interactions in brain cancer. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:220-229. [PMID: 34166771 PMCID: PMC8324563 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors still lack effective treatments, and the mechanisms of tumor progression and therapeutic resistance are unclear. Multiple parameters affect cancer prognosis (e.g., type and grade, age, location, size, and genetic mutations) and election of suitable treatments is based on preclinical models and clinical data. However, most candidate drugs fail in human trials due to inefficacy. Cell lines and tissue culture plates do not provide physiologically relevant environments, and animal models are not able to adequately mimic characteristics of disease in humans. Therefore, increasing technological advances are focusing on in vitro and computational modeling to increase the throughput and predicting capabilities of preclinical systems. The extensive use of these therapeutic agents requires a more profound understanding of the tumor-stroma interactions, including neural tissue, extracellular matrix, blood-brain barrier, astrocytes and microglia. Microphysiological brain tumor models offer physiologically relevant vascularized 'minitumors' that can help deciphering disease mechanisms, accelerating the drug discovery and predicting patient's response to anticancer treatments. This article reviews progress in tumor-on-a-chip platforms that are designed to comprehend the particular roles of stromal cells in the brain tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Neves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sara Pedron
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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17
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Lee S, Chintalapudi K, Badu-Tawiah AK. Clinical Chemistry for Developing Countries: Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:437-465. [PMID: 33979544 PMCID: PMC8932337 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-085936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is necessary to enable timely interventions. Implementation of this vital task in the developing world is challenging owing to limited resources. Diagnostic approaches developed for resource-limited settings have often involved colorimetric tests (based on immunoassays) due to their low cost. Unfortunately, the performance/sensitivity of such simplistic tests are often limited and significantly hinder opportunities for early disease detection. A new criterion for selecting diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries is proposed here that is based on performance-to-cost ratio. For example, modern mass spectrometry (MS) now involves analysis of the native sample in the open laboratory environment, enabling applications in many fields, including clinical research, forensic science, environmental analysis, and agriculture. In this critical review, we summarize recent developments in chemistry that enable MS to be applied effectively in developing countries. In particular, we argue that closed automated analytical systems may not offer the analytical flexibility needed in resource-limited settings. Alternative strategies proposed here have potential to be widely accepted in low- and middle-income countries through the utilization of the open-source ambient MS platform that enables microsampling techniques such as dried blood spot to be coupled with miniature mass spectrometers in a centralized analytical platform. Consequently, costs associated with sample handling and maintenance can be reduced by >50% of the total ownership cost, permitting analytical measurements to be operated at high performance-to-cost ratios in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Kavyasree Chintalapudi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
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18
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Tan Q, Liu Y, Dai L, Pan T. Shortened key growth periods of soybean observed in China under climate change. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8197. [PMID: 33854171 PMCID: PMC8047036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenology is an important indicator of global climate change. Revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of crop phenology is vital for ameliorating the adverse effects of climate change and guiding regional agricultural production. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soybean's phenological stages and key growth periods, and assessed their sensitivity to key climatic factors, utilizing a long-term dataset (1992-2018) of soybean phenology and associated meteorological data collected at 51 stations across China. The results showed that (1) during the soybean growing seasons from 1992 to 2018, the average temperature (0.34 ± 0.09 ℃ decade-1) and cumulative precipitation (6.66 ± 0.93 mm decade-1) increased, but cumulative sunshine hours (- 33.98 ± 1.05 h decade-1) decreased. (2) On a national scale, dates of sowing, emergence, trifoliate, anthesis, and podding of soybean were delayed, while the maturity date showed an advancing trend. The vegetative growth period (- 0.52 ± 0.24 days decade-1) and whole growth period (- 1.32 ± 0.30 days decade-1) of soybean were shortened, but the reproductive growth period (0.05 ± 0.26 days decade-1) was slightly extended. Trends in soybean phenological stages and key growth periods diverged in regions. Soybean phenological stages were delayed in Huang-Huai-Hai soybean zone, whereas advanced in southern soybean zone. Moreover, the key growth periods were greatly shortened in northern soybean zone. (3) In general, the sensitivity of soybean key growth periods to temperature was negative, whereas those to precipitation and sunshine hours differed among regions. In particular, most phenological stages were negatively sensitive to sunshine hours. Our results will provide scientific support for decision-making in agricultural production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Tan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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19
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Li Y, Wooding JP, McGuinness EK, Sun Y, Losego MD. Thermally Stimulated Wettability Transformations on One-Cycle Atomic Layer Deposition-Coated Cellulosic Paper: Applications for Droplet Manipulation and Heat Patterned Paper Fluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13802-13812. [PMID: 33709685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic materials are widely used in daily life for paper products and clothing as well as for emerging applications in sustainable packaging and inexpensive medical diagnostics. Cellulose has a high density of hydroxyl groups that create strong intra- and interfiber hydrogen bonding. These abundant hydroxyl groups also make cellulose superhydrophilic. Schemes for hydrophobization and spatially selective hydrophobization of cellulosic materials can expand the application space for cellulose. Cellulose is often hydrophobized through wet chemistry surface modification methods. This work reports a new modification method using a combination of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and atmospheric heating to alter the wettability of purely cellulosic chromatography paper. We find that once the cellulosic paper is coated with a single ALD cycle (1cy-ALD) of Al2O3, it can be made sticky superhydrophobic after a 150 °C ambient post-ALD heating step. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation reveals that the ALD-modified cellulosic surface becomes more susceptible to adsorption of adventitious carbon upon heating than an untreated cellulosic surface. This conclusion is further supported by the ability to use alternating air plasma and heat treatments to reversibly transition between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic states. We attribute the apparent abruptness of this wetting transition to a Cassie-Wenzel-like phenomenon, which is also consistent with the sticky hydrophobic wetting behavior. Using scanning probe methods, we show that the surfaces have roughness at multiple length scales. Using a Cassie-Wenzel model, we show how a small change in the surface's Young's contact angle-upon adsorption of adventitious carbon-can lead to an abrupt increase in hydrophobicity for surfaces with such roughnesses. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to spatially pattern the wettability on these 1cy-ALD-treated cellulosic papers via selective heating. This ALD-treated hydrophobic paper also shows promise for microliter droplet manipulation and patterned lab-on-paper devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jamie P Wooding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Emily K McGuinness
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yici Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark D Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Le NN, Phan HCT, Dang DMT, Dang CM. Fabrication of Miniaturized Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays using INKJET Printing. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Niculescu AG, Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM. Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2011. [PMID: 33670545 PMCID: PMC7921936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is a relatively newly emerged field based on the combined principles of physics, chemistry, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Various materials can be processed into miniaturized chips containing channels and chambers in the microscale range. A diverse repertoire of methods can be chosen to manufacture such platforms of desired size, shape, and geometry. Whether they are used alone or in combination with other devices, microfluidic chips can be employed in nanoparticle preparation, drug encapsulation, delivery, and targeting, cell analysis, diagnosis, and cell culture. This paper presents microfluidic technology in terms of the available platform materials and fabrication techniques, also focusing on the biomedical applications of these remarkable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Cavazos-Elizondo D, Sung KJ, Vasikaran S, Aguirre-Soto A, Sikes HD. Functional Comparison of Bioactive Cellulose Materials Incorporating Engineered Binding Proteins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:392-398. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavazos-Elizondo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, México
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangita Vasikaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, México
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (SMART), 1 Create Way, Innovation Tower, Singapore 138602
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23
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Browne C, Garnier G, Batchelor W. Moulding of micropatterned nanocellulose films and their application in fluid handling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:162-172. [PMID: 33360889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Well-controlled micropatterned nanocellulose films are able to be fabricated via spray coating onto a micropatterned impermeable moulded surface. The micropattern size is able control the directionality of wicking fluid flow. EXPERIMENTS Using photolithography and etching techniques, silicon moulds with channel widths of 5-500 µm and depths of 6, 12 and 18 µm were fabricated. Micropatterned nanocellulose sheets were formed by spray coating nanofibre suspensions onto the moulds. We also investigate the effect the dimensions of these micropatterned nanocellulose films have on wicking fluids. FINDINGS Micropatterns were imparted on the surface of nanocellulose films which resulted in three well-defined regimes of conformation with the moulds: full, partial and no conformation. These regimes were driven by the aspect ratio (channel depth/width) of the moulds. Achieved channel widths and depths were compared to those possible with other micropattern fabrication techniques. The directionality of the wicking water droplets can be controlled with the micropatterned channel. Channels within the full conformation regime resulted in increased directionality of fluid flow compared with those not within this regime. This research demonstrates the industrially scalable process of spray coating has potential to serve as the foundation for a new generation of paper-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Browne
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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24
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Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM, Andronescu E. Biosensors-on-Chip: An Up-to-Date Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E6013. [PMID: 33353220 PMCID: PMC7765790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, biosensors are designed to translate physical, chemical, or biological events into measurable signals, thus offering qualitative and/or quantitative information regarding the target analytes. While the biosensor field has received considerable scientific interest, integrating this technology with microfluidics could further bring significant improvements in terms of sensitivity and specificity, resolution, automation, throughput, reproducibility, reliability, and accuracy. In this manner, biosensors-on-chip (BoC) could represent the bridging gap between diagnostics in central laboratories and diagnostics at the patient bedside, bringing substantial advancements in point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic applications. In this context, the aim of this manuscript is to provide an up-to-date overview of BoC system development and their most recent application towards the diagnosis of cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.); (E.A.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.); (E.A.)
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25
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Krishna R, Anil EM. A comparative analytical study on reagent-fused silica gel plate and wax painted paper-based microfluidic device for serological testing. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 317:110517. [PMID: 32979844 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The detection and identification of body fluids at a crime scene shed light on the events which might have occurred and the people involved in the crime; the techniques used being lengthy, makes the on-scene detection a tough process to carry out and handle. This study aims to develop an on-spot detection method for serological testing using silica gel encapsulation technique and a modified microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs). Kastle-Meyer reagent was incorporated into the μPAD and Silica Gel plate and was subsequently validated for the detection of blood. This study revealed that the μPAD was a better option. The emerging technique of μPADs allows a cost-effective and simple method of detection for body fluids. The fibrous network of the paper is manipulated to fabricate a guided channel for the fluid flow. The guided channels in the modified μPADs were fabricated by patterning a hydrophobic barrier out of wax. The analyte of interest for this study is blood but the principle can be modified to include other biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Krishna
- Forensic Science Department, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, JC Road, 560002, India.
| | - Esha Maria Anil
- Forensic Science Department, Jain (Deemed-To-Be) University, JC Road, 560002, India.
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26
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Matyjek A, Literacki S, Niemczyk S, Rymarz A. Protein energy-wasting associated with nephrotic syndrome - the comparison of metabolic pattern in severe nephrosis to different stages of chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:346. [PMID: 32795277 PMCID: PMC7427894 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with a hypercatabolic state expressed as an exacerbated degradation of muscle mass. However, the clinical significance of this phenomenon has not yet been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with severe NS (defined as nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia ≤2.5 g/dL) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in comparison to patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Twenty men with severe NS (NS group) and 40 men without proteinuria similar in term of serum creatinine (control group) were included into the study. A retrospective cohort of 40 men with CKD stage G4 (PreD group) and 20 haemodialysis men (HD group) were added to the analysis after matching for age, height and weight using propensity score matching. The bioimpedance spectroscopy and biochemical nutritional markers were evaluated. Results Nephrotic patients had a significantly lower lean tissue mass (LTM; p = 0.035) and index (a quotient of LTM over height squared, LTI; p = 0.068), with an expected deficiency of LTM by 3.2 kg, and LTI by 0.9 kg/m2 when compared to the control group. A significant lean tissue deficit (defined as LTI below the lower limit of the reference range by 1.0 kg/m2) was observed in 12.5% of patients in the control group in comparison to 31.7% with advanced CKD (PreD+HD; p = 0.032) and 50% with NS (p = 0.003). NS group presented with higher phosphorus (p = 0.029), uric acid (p = 0.002) and blood urea (p = 0.049) than the control group. Blood urea was strongly negatively correlated with LTM in NS (r = − 0.64, p = 0.002). Nine nephrotic patients (45%) were identified as hypercatabolic based on severe hyperphosphatemia (> 5.0 mg/dL) and/or hyperuricemia (> 8.0 mg/dL), and were characterized by higher blood urea and lower prealbumin, as well as LTM lower by 5.6 kg than in less catabolic individuals. Conclusions In term of lean tissue amount, NS group was more similar to advanced CKD than to the control group. We concluded that specific metabolic pattern with elevated phosphorus, uric acid and blood urea, and lean tissue deficiency may be defined as protein-energy wasting associated with nephrotic syndrome (neph-PEW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matyjek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Literacki
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rymarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Yang H, Gu S, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Cheng Z. Plasma Protein Panels for Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Chinese Individuals with Different Educational Backgrounds. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1629-1638. [PMID: 32662047 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore plasma protein panels as potential biomarkers to screen for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly Chinese individuals with different educational backgrounds. Forty-four illiterate, 36 lower education (1-6 years), and 55 higher education (7 years or more) elderly individuals were included in the present study. Among all subjects, 67 were healthy individuals and 68 were diagnosed with MCI. Fifty plasma proteins in blood samples collected from these subjects were analyzed via the Luminex assay. Binary logistic regression was utilized to explore diagnostic models for MCI among the three educational subgroups. Then, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted for the clinical validity of the MCI models. Among the analyzed proteins, clusterin was used in the model of MCI among the total sample with a sensitivity (se) of 67.6%, a specificity (sp) of 59.7%, and a classification rate of 63.68%. The MCI model for the illiterate group included cystatin C, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and apolipoprotein A-I (se: 71.4%, sp.: 82.6%, accuracy: 77.25%). The sensitivity, specificity, and classification rate of the diagnostic model of MCI in elderly adults with lower education (human serum albumin) were each 75.0%. Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate of the diagnostic model for MCI elderly individuals with higher education (alpha-acid glycoprotein + soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 + pancreatic polypeptide) were 77.8%, 89.3%, and 83.60%, respectively. The performance of diagnostic models for MCI based on different educational levels is superior to that of diagnostic models for MCI without grouping by educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shouquan Gu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinfa Zhao
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zaohuo Cheng
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, No.156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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28
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Gruenstaeudl M, Jenke N. PACVr: plastome assembly coverage visualization in R. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:207. [PMID: 32448146 PMCID: PMC7245912 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastid genomes typically display a circular, quadripartite structure with two inverted repeat regions, which challenges automatic assembly procedures. The correct assembly of plastid genomes is a prerequisite for the validity of subsequent analyses on genome structure and evolution. The average coverage depth of a genome assembly is often used as an indicator of assembly quality. Visualizing coverage depth across a draft genome is a critical step, which allows users to inspect the quality of the assembly and, where applicable, identify regions of reduced assembly confidence. Despite the interplay between genome structure and assembly quality, no contemporary, user-friendly software tool can visualize the coverage depth of a plastid genome assembly while taking its quadripartite genome structure into account. A software tool is needed that fills this void. RESULTS We introduce 'PACVr', an R package that visualizes the coverage depth of a plastid genome assembly in relation to the circular, quadripartite structure of the genome as well as the individual plastome genes. By using a variable window approach, the tool allows visualizations on different calculation scales. It also confirms sequence equality of, as well as visualizes gene synteny between, the inverted repeat regions of the input genome. As a tool for plastid genomics, PACVr provides the functionality to identify regions of coverage depth above or below user-defined threshold values and helps to identify non-identical IR regions. To allow easy integration into bioinformatic workflows, PACVr can be invoked from a Unix shell, facilitating its use in automated quality control. We illustrate the application of PACVr on four empirical datasets and compare visualizations generated by PACVr with those of alternative software tools. CONCLUSIONS PACVr provides a user-friendly tool to visualize (a) the coverage depth of a plastid genome assembly on a circular, quadripartite plastome map and in relation to individual plastome genes, and (b) gene synteny across the inverted repeat regions. It contributes to optimizing plastid genome assemblies and increasing the reliability of publicly available plastome sequences. The software, example datasets, technical documentation, and a tutorial are available with the package at https://cran.r-project.org/package=PACVr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gruenstaeudl
- Institut für Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Nils Jenke
- Institut für Bioinformatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195 Germany
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Gul I, Bogale TF, Chen Y, Yang X, Fang R, Feng J, Gao H, Tang L. A paper-based whole-cell screening assay for directed evolution-driven enzyme engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6013-6022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Qamar AZ, Shamsi MH. Desktop Fabrication of Lab-On-Chip Devices on Flexible Substrates: A Brief Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E126. [PMID: 31979275 PMCID: PMC7074936 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flexible microfluidic devices are currently in demand because they can be mass-produced in resource-limited settings using simple and inexpensive fabrication tools. Finding new ways to fabricate microfluidic platforms on flexible substrates has been a hot area. Integration of customized detection tools for different lab-on-chip applications has made this area challenging. Significant advancements have occurred in the area over the last decade; therefore, there is a need to review such interesting fabrication tools employed on flexible substrates, such as paper and plastics. In this short review, we review individual fabrication tools and their combinations that have been used to develop such platforms in the past five years. These tools are not only simple and low-cost but also require minimal skills for their operation. Moreover, key examples of plastic-based flexible substrates are also presented, because a diverse range of plastic materials have prevailed recently for a variety of lab-on-chip applications. This review should attract audience of various levels, i.e., from hobbyists to scientists, and from high school students to postdoctoral researchers, to produce their own flexible devices in their own settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohtashim Hassan Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
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31
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Pataranutaporn P, Jain A, Johnson CM, Shah P, Maes P. Wearable Lab on Body: Combining Sensing of Biochemical and Digital Markers in a Wearable Device. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:3327-3332. [PMID: 31946594 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wearables are being widely researched for monitoring individual's health and wellbeing. Current generation wearable devices sense an individual's physiological data such as heart rate, respiration, electrodermal activity, and EEG, but lack in sensing their biological counterparts, which drive the majority of individual's physiological signals. On the other hand, biosensors for detecting biochemical markers are currently limited to one-time use, are non-continuous and don't provide flexibility in choosing which biomarker they sense. We present "wearable lab on body", a platform for active continuous monitoring of human biomarkers from the biological fluid. Our platform contains both digital sensors such as IMU for activity recognition, as well as an automated system for continuous sampling of biomarkers from saliva by leveraging already existing paper-based biochemical sensors. The platform could aid with longitudinal studies of biomarkers and early diagnosis of diseases.
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32
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Mabbott S, Fernandes SC, Schechinger M, Cote GL, Faulds K, Mace CR, Graham D. Detection of cardiovascular disease associated miR-29a using paper-based microfluidics and surface enhanced Raman scattering. Analyst 2020; 145:983-991. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01748h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A paper-based microfluidics self-testing device capable of colorimetric and SERS-based sensing of cardiovascular disease associated miR-29a has been developed for improving patient care and triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mabbott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Monika Schechinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- USA
- Health Technology and Innovation Building
- Texas A&M University
| | - Gerard L. Cote
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- USA
- Health Technology and Innovation Building
- Texas A&M University
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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33
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Mahmud MA, Blondeel EJM, MacDonald BD. Counting-based microfluidic paper-based devices capable of analyzing submicroliter sample volumes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:014107. [PMID: 31966347 PMCID: PMC6954107 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the development of semiquantitative counting-based lateral flow assay (LFA)-type microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ( μ PADs) to analyze samples at submicroliter volumes. The ability to use submicroliter sample volumes is a significant advantage for μ PADs since it enables enhanced multiplexing, reduces cost, and increases user-friendliness since small sample volumes can be collected using methods that do not require trained personnel, such as finger pricking and microneedles. The challenge of accomplishing a semiquantitative test readout using submicroliter sample volumes was overcome with a counting-based approach. In order to use submicroliter sample volumes, we developed a flow strategy with a running liquid to facilitate flow through the assay. The efficacy of the devices was confirmed with glucose and total human immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests using 0.5 μ l and 1 μ l of sample solutions, respectively. Semiquantitative results were generated to predict glucose concentrations in the range of 0-12 mmol/l and IgE concentrations in the range of 0-400 ng/ml. The counting-based approach correlates the number of dots that exhibited a color change to the concentration of the analyte, which provides a more user-friendly method as compared with interpreting the intensity of a color change. The devices reported herein are the first counting-based LFA-type μ PADs capable of semiquantitative testing using submicroliter sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Almostasim Mahmud
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Eric J M Blondeel
- ExVivo Labs Inc., 3 Regina Street North, Suite A, Waterloo, Ontario N2J 2Z7, Canada
| | - Brendan D MacDonald
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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34
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Wlodarczyk KL, Hand DP, Maroto-Valer MM. Maskless, rapid manufacturing of glass microfluidic devices using a picosecond pulsed laser. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20215. [PMID: 31882878 PMCID: PMC6934552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional manufacturing of glass microfluidic devices is a complex, multi-step process that involves a combination of different fabrication techniques, typically photolithography, chemical/dry etching and thermal/anodic bonding. As a result, the process is time-consuming and expensive, in particular when developing microfluidic prototypes or even manufacturing them in low quantity. This report describes a fabrication technique in which a picosecond pulsed laser system is the only tool required to manufacture a microfluidic device from transparent glass substrates. The laser system is used for the generation of microfluidic patterns directly on glass, the drilling of inlet/outlet ports in glass covers, and the bonding of two glass plates together in order to enclose the laser-generated patterns from the top. This method enables the manufacturing of a fully-functional microfluidic device in a few hours, without using any projection masks, dangerous chemicals, and additional expensive tools, e.g., a mask writer or bonding machine. The method allows the fabrication of various types of microfluidic devices, e.g., Hele-Shaw cells and microfluidics comprising complex patterns resembling up-scaled cross-sections of realistic rock samples, suitable for the investigation of CO2 storage, water remediation and hydrocarbon recovery processes. The method also provides a route for embedding small 3D objects inside these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian L Wlodarczyk
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. .,Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Duncan P Hand
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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35
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Droplet state and mechanism of contact line movement on laser-textured aluminum alloy surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:557-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Chronometric Quantitation of Analytes in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs) via Enzymatic Degradation of a Metastable Biomatrix. INVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The following article summarizes United States Patent Application No. US20180052155A1, titled ‘Assay Devices and Methods’ (filed 16 August 2016, published 22 February 2018). While lateral flow assays (LFAs) have revolutionized point-of-care diagnostics by enabling accurate, inexpensive, and rapid detection of biomarkers, they typically do not provide quantitative results. Hence, there is a significant need for quantitative assays at the point of care. This patent summary describes a novel method of chronometric biomarker quantitation via enzymatic degradation of a metastable gelatin-based biomatrix, principally suited for use in paper-based microfluidic devices (microPADs). This new quantitation mechanism was designed to meet the ASSURED criteria for point-of-care diagnostic devices laid forth by the World Health Organization and may ultimately provide increased access to healthcare, at a significantly reduced cost, around the world.
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37
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Soum V, Park S, Brilian AI, Kwon OS, Shin K. Programmable Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomarker Detections. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E516. [PMID: 31382502 PMCID: PMC6722603 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advanced paper-based microfluidic devices provide an alternative technology for the detection of biomarkers by using affordable and portable devices for point-of-care testing (POCT). Programmable paper-based microfluidic devices enable a wide range of biomarker detection with high sensitivity and automation for single- and multi-step assays because they provide better control for manipulating fluid samples. In this review, we examine the advances in programmable microfluidics, i.e., paper-based continuous-flow microfluidic (p-CMF) devices and paper-based digital microfluidic (p-DMF) devices, for biomarker detection. First, we discuss the methods used to fabricate these two types of paper-based microfluidic devices and the strategies for programming fluid delivery and for droplet manipulation. Next, we discuss the use of these programmable paper-based devices for the single- and multi-step detection of biomarkers. Finally, we present the current limitations of paper-based microfluidics for biomarker detection and the outlook for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Sooyong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Albertus Ivan Brilian
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Oh-Sun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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38
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Wax-Printed Fluidic Time Delays for Automating Multi-Step Assays in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs). INVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) have emerged as a promising platform for point-of-care diagnostic devices. While the inherent wicking properties of microPADs allow for fluid flow without supporting equipment, this also presents a major challenge in achieving robust fluid control, which becomes especially important when performing complex multi-step assays. Herein, we describe an ideal method of fluid control mediated by wax-printed fluidic time delays. This method relies on a simple fabrication technique, does not utilize chemicals/reagents that could affect downstream assays, is readily scalable, and has a wide temporal range of tunable fluid control. The delays are wax printed on both the top and bottom of pre-fabricated microPAD channels, without subsequent heating, to create hemi-/fully-enclosed channels. With these wax printed delays, we were able to tune the time it took aqueous solutions to wick across a 25 mm-long channel between 3.6 min and 13.4 min. We then employed these fluid delays in the sequential delivery of four dyes to a test zone. Additionally, we demonstrated the automation of two simple enzymatic assays with this fluid control modality. This method of fluid control may allow future researchers to automate more complex assays, thereby further advancing microPADs toward real-world applications.
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