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Kühn S, Utne-Palm AC, de Jong K. Two of the most common crustacean zooplankton Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Calanus spp. produce sounds within the hearing range of their fish predators. BIOACOUSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2070542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kühn
- Research and Technology Centre West Coast/Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Kiel University, Büsum, Germany
- Life Science and Technology, Groningen University, (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Christine Utne-Palm
- Fish Capture, Institute of Marine Research/Havforskningsinstituttet, Bergen, Postboks 1870 Nordnes, Norway
| | - Karen de Jong
- Ecosystem Acoustics, Institute of Marine Research/Havforskningsinstituttet, Bergen, Postboks 1870 Nordnes, Norway
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Camus L, Andrade H, Aniceto AS, Aune M, Bandara K, Basedow SL, Christensen KH, Cook J, Daase M, Dunlop K, Falk-Petersen S, Fietzek P, Fonnes G, Ghaffari P, Gramvik G, Graves I, Hayes D, Langeland T, Lura H, Marin TK, Nøst OA, Peddie D, Pederick J, Pedersen G, Sperrevik AK, Sørensen K, Tassara L, Tjøstheim S, Tverberg V, Dahle S. Autonomous Surface and Underwater Vehicles as Effective Ecosystem Monitoring and Research Platforms in the Arctic-The Glider Project. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21206752. [PMID: 34695965 PMCID: PMC8537502 DOI: 10.3390/s21206752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective ocean management requires integrated and sustainable ocean observing systems enabling us to map and understand ecosystem properties and the effects of human activities. Autonomous subsurface and surface vehicles, here collectively referred to as “gliders”, are part of such ocean observing systems providing high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we present some of the results achieved through the project “Unmanned ocean vehicles, a flexible and cost-efficient offshore monitoring and data management approach—GLIDER”. In this project, three autonomous surface and underwater vehicles were deployed along the Lofoten–Vesterålen (LoVe) shelf-slope-oceanic system, in Arctic Norway. The aim of this effort was to test whether gliders equipped with novel sensors could effectively perform ecosystem surveys by recording physical, biogeochemical, and biological data simultaneously. From March to September 2018, a period of high biological activity in the area, the gliders were able to record a set of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, and oxygen, map the spatiotemporal distribution of zooplankton, and record cetacean vocalizations and anthropogenic noise. A subset of these parameters was effectively employed in near-real-time data assimilative ocean circulation models, improving their local predictive skills. The results presented here demonstrate that autonomous gliders can be effective long-term, remote, noninvasive ecosystem monitoring and research platforms capable of operating in high-latitude marine ecosystems. Accordingly, these platforms can record high-quality baseline environmental data in areas where extractive activities are planned and provide much-needed information for operational and management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hector Andrade
- Institute of Marine Research, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (H.A.); (K.D.)
| | - Ana Sofia Aniceto
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Bioeconomics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Magnus Aune
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Kanchana Bandara
- Faculty for Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (K.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Sünnje Linnéa Basedow
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (S.L.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Kai Håkon Christensen
- R&D Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jeremy Cook
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Malin Daase
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (S.L.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Katherine Dunlop
- Institute of Marine Research, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (H.A.); (K.D.)
| | - Stig Falk-Petersen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Peer Fietzek
- Kongsberg Maritime Germany GmbH, 22529 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gro Fonnes
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Peygham Ghaffari
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Geir Gramvik
- Kongsberg Digital, 3616 Kongsberg, Norway; (G.G.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Daniel Hayes
- Cyprus Sub Sea Consulting & Services, 2326 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Tor Langeland
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Harald Lura
- ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS, 4056 Tananger, Norway;
| | | | - Ole Anders Nøst
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | | | | | - Geir Pedersen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5008 Bergen, Norway; (J.C.); (G.F.); (T.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Ann Kristin Sperrevik
- R&D Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.C.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Kai Sørensen
- Marin Biogeochemistry and Oceanography, NIVA, 0579 Oslo, Norway; (T.K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Luca Tassara
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Vigdis Tverberg
- Faculty for Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway; (K.B.); (V.T.)
| | - Salve Dahle
- Akvaplan-niva AS, 9007 Tromsø, Norway; (M.A.); (S.F.-P.); (P.G.); (O.A.N.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
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Silberberger MJ, Renaud PE, Eiane K, Reiss H. Seasonal dynamics of mesozooplankton biomass over a sub-Arctic continental shelf. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8713-8729. [PMID: 34257923 PMCID: PMC8258191 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesozooplankton research in high latitude ecosystems tends to focus on different life stages of Calanus spp. due to its biomass dominance and trophic roles. However, a complex seasonal succession of abundant smaller mesozooplankton taxa suggests that the ecological functioning of the mesozooplankton communities is more complicated. We studied the year-round taxon-specific biomass measurements and size distributions of mesozooplankton on a sub-Arctic continental shelf based on formalin preserved samples. Our results confirm that Calanus spp. dominate the mesozooplankton biomass (81%). We show that commonly used length-weight relationships underestimate Calanus biomass in autumn and winter, and accordingly, a strong seasonal bias was introduced in our understanding of sub-Arctic plankton communities. We observed two periods with considerable contribution of meroplankton, the planktonic larvae of benthic invertebrates, to the mesozooplankton biomass: (a) Cirripedia nauplii accounted for 17% of total biomass close to the coast in early April and (b) meroplankton comprised up to 12.7% of total biomass in late July. Based on these results, we suggest that meroplankton may play an ecologically important role in addition to their role in dispersal of benthic species. We conclude that the seasonal succession of the biomass of small-sized holoplankton and meroplankton, often obscured by patterns in the Calanus biomass, should receive more attention as these smaller individuals are likely an important functional component of the pelagic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Silberberger
- Institute of OceanologyPolish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland
- Akvaplan‐nivaFram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Paul E. Renaud
- Akvaplan‐nivaFram Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
- University Centre in SvalbardLongyearbyenNorway
| | - Ketil Eiane
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
| | - Henning Reiss
- Faculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversityBodøNorway
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Davies EJ, Basedow SL, McKee D. The hidden influence of large particles on ocean colour. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3999. [PMID: 33597642 PMCID: PMC7889869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical constituents in the ocean are often categorized as water, phytoplankton, sediments and dissolved matter. However, the optical properties of seawater are influenced, to some degree, by scattering and absorption by all particles in the water column. Here we assess the relevant size ranges for determining the optical properties of the ocean. We present a theoretical basis supporting the hypothesis that millimetre-size particles, including zooplankton and fish eggs, can provide a significant contribution to bulk absorption and scattering of seawater and therefore ocean color. Further, we demonstrate that existing in situ instruments are not capable of correctly resolving the impact of such large particles, possibly leading to their optical significance being overlooked. These findings refresh our perspective on the potential of ocean color and invite new applications of remote sensing for monitoring life close to the ocean surface.
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Trudnowska E, Balazy K, Stoń‐Egiert J, Smolina I, Brown T, Gluchowska M. In a comfort zone and beyond-Ecological plasticity of key marine mediators. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14067-14081. [PMID: 33391702 PMCID: PMC7771121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Copepods of the genus Calanus are the key components of zooplankton. Understanding their response to a changing climate is crucial to predict the functioning of future warmer high-latitude ecosystems. Although specific Calanus species are morphologically very similar, they have different life strategies and roles in ecosystems. In this study, C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis were thoroughly studied with regard to their plasticity in morphology and ecology both in their preferred original water mass (Atlantic vs. Arctic side of the Polar Front) and in suboptimal conditions (due to, e.g., temperature, turbidity, and competition in Hornsund fjord). Our observations show that "at the same place and time," both species can reach different sizes, take on different pigmentation, be in different states of population development, utilize different reproductive versus lipid accumulation strategies, and thrive on different foods. Size was proven to be a very mutable morphological trait, especially with regard to reduced length of C. glacialis. Both species exhibited pronounced red pigmentation when inhabiting their preferred water mass. In other domains, C. finmarchicus individuals tended to be paler than C. glacialis individuals. Gonad maturation and population development indicated mixed reproductive strategies, although a surprisingly similar population age structure of the two co-occurring species in the fjord was observed. Lipid accumulation was high and not species-specific, and its variability was due to diet differences of the populations. According to the stable isotope composition, both species had a more herbivorous diatom-based diet in their original water masses. While the diet of C. glacialis was rather consistent among the domains studied, C. finmarchicus exhibited much higher variability in its feeding history (based on lipid composition). Our results show that the plasticity of both Calanus species is indeed impressive and may be regulated differently, depending on whether they live in their "comfort zone" or beyond it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaja Balazy
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland
| | | | | | - Thomas Brown
- The Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanUK
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