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Finizio A, Pagano P, Napolano A, Froechlich G, Infante L, De Chiara A, Amiranda S, Vitiello E, Totaro S, Capasso C, Raia M, D'Alise AM, de Candia P, Zambrano N, Sasso E. Integrating system biology and intratumor gene therapy by trans-complementing the appropriate co-stimulatory molecule as payload in oncolytic herpes virus. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00790-8. [PMID: 38839891 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Systems biology has been applied at the multi-scale level within the cancer field, improving cancer prevention, diagnosis and enabling precision medicine approaches. While systems biology can expand the knowledge and skills for oncological treatment, it also represents a challenging expedition due to cancer complexity, heterogeneity and diversity not only between different cancer indications, but also in its evolution process through space and time. Here, by characterizing the transcriptional perturbations of the tumor microenvironment induced by oncolytic, we aimed to rationally design a novel armed oncolytic herpes virus. We found that intratumor oncovirotherapy with HSV-1 induces T-cell activation signatures and transcriptionally activates several costimulatory molecules. We identified differentially expressed costimulatory receptors and binding partners, where inducible co-stimulators (ICOS) resulted in the potentially most beneficial targeted therapy. Through an ex-vivo transcriptomic analysis, we explored the potential of arming an oncolytic virus as a combination therapy strategy; in particular, we engineered a targeted herpes virus encoding ICOSL (THV_ICOSL), which resulted in a significant improvement in tumor size control compared to unarmed parental virus. Also, combination with a PD-1 inhibitor enhanced antitumor efficacy as predictable by upregulation of PD-1 and ligands pair (PD-L1/PD-L2) upon oncolytic virus injection. Generation of the human version of this virus encoding hICOSL orthologue effectively and specifically activated human T cells by triggering the ICOS pathway. Our data support the data-driven generation of armed oncolytic viruses as combination immunotherapeutic with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Finizio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - P Pagano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - A Napolano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - G Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | | | - A De Chiara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - S Amiranda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - E Vitiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - S Totaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - C Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - M Raia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | | | - P de Candia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - N Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy
| | - E Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Naples, Italy.
- ImGen-T Srl, Viale del Parco Carelli, Napoli, NA, Italy.
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Sasso A, Capaccio A, Rusciano G. Exploring Reliable and Efficient Plasmonic Nanopatterning for Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16164. [PMID: 38003354 PMCID: PMC10671507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is of growing interest for a wide range of applications, especially for biomedical analysis, thanks to its sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities. A crucial role for successful applications of SERS is played by the development of reproducible, efficient, and facile procedures for the fabrication of metal nanostructures (SERS substrates). Even more challenging is to extend the fabrication techniques of plasmonic nano-textures to atomic force microscope (AFM) probes to carry out tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments, in which spatial resolution below the diffraction limit is added to the peculiarities of SERS. In this short review, we describe recent studies performed by our group during the last ten years in which novel nanofabrication techniques have been successfully applied to SERS and TERS experiments for studying bio-systems and molecular species of environmental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sasso
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Capaccio
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Food Sciences, URT-CNR Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Rusciano
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
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3
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Dubkov S, Overchenko A, Novikov D, Kolmogorov V, Volkova L, Gorelkin P, Erofeev A, Parkhomenko Y. Single-Cell Analysis with Silver-Coated Pipette by Combined SERS and SICM. Cells 2023; 12:2521. [PMID: 37947599 PMCID: PMC10650894 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of individual cell processes that occur both on their surface and inside is highly interesting for the development of new medical drugs, cytology and cell technologies. This work presents an original technique for fabricating the silver-coated pipette and its use for the cell analysis by combination with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and scanning ion-conducting microscopy (SICM). Unlike the majority of other designs, the pipette opening in our case remains uncovered, which is important for SICM. SERS-active Ag nanoparticles on the pipette surface are formed by vacuum-thermal evaporation followed by annealing. An array of nanoparticles had a diameter on the order of 36 nm and spacing of 12 nm. A two-particle model based on Laplace equations is used to calculate a theoretical enhancement factor (EF). The surface morphology of the samples is investigated by scanning electron microscopy while SICM is used to reveal the surface topography, to evaluate Young's modulus of living cells and to control an injection of the SERS-active pipettes into them. A Raman microscope-spectrometer was used to collect characteristic SERS spectra of cells and cell components. Local Raman spectra were obtained from the cytoplasm and nucleus of the same HEK-293 cancer cell. The EF of the SERS-active pipette was 7 × 105. As a result, we demonstrate utilizing the silver-coated pipette for both the SICM study and the molecular composition analysis of cytoplasm and the nucleus of living cells by SERS. The probe localization in cells is successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dubkov
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Overchenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia (P.G.); (A.E.)
- Molecular Nanophotonics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denis Novikov
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilii Kolmogorov
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia (P.G.); (A.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya Volkova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics RAS, 115487 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia (P.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia (P.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Yuri Parkhomenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS), 119049 Moscow, Russia (P.G.); (A.E.)
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Xu Y, Hou X, Zhu Q, Mao S, Ren J, Lin J, Xu N. Phenotype Identification of HeLa Cells Knockout CDK6 Gene Based on Label-Free Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8890-8898. [PMID: 35704426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cell phenotypes is essential for understanding the function of biological macromolecules and molecular biology. We developed a noninvasive, label-free, single-cell Raman imaging analysis platform to distinguish between the cell phenotypes of the HeLa cell wild type (WT) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) gene knockout (KO) type. Via large-scale Raman spectral and imaging analysis, two phenotypes of the HeLa cells were distinguished by their intrinsic biochemical profiles. A significant difference was found between the two cell lines: large lipid droplets formed in the knockout HeLa cells but were not observed in the WT cells, which was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. The band ratio of the Raman spectrum of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was identified as the Raman spectral marker for HeLa cell WT or gene knockout type differentiation. The interaction between organelles involved in lipid metabolism was revealed by Raman imaging and Lorentz fitting, where the distribution intensity of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane decreased. At the same time, lysosomes increased after the CDK6 gene knockout. The parameters obtained from Raman spectroscopy are based on hierarchical cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA, enabling highly accurate cell classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Lin
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, People's Republic of China
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Zambrano N, Froechlich G, Lazarevic D, Passariello M, Nicosia A, De Lorenzo C, Morelli MJ, Sasso E. High-Throughput Monoclonal Antibody Discovery from Phage Libraries: Challenging the Current Preclinical Pipeline to Keep the Pace with the Increasing mAb Demand. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051325. [PMID: 35267633 PMCID: PMC8909429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for a broad range of diseases. Rising demand must face with time time-consuming and laborious processes to isolate novel monoclonal antibodies. Next-generation sequencing coupled to phage display provides timely and sustainable high throughput selection strategy to rapidly access novel target. Here, we describe the current NGS-guided strategies to identify potential binders from enriched sub-libraires by applying a user-friendly informatic pipeline to identify and discard false positive clones. Rescue step and strategies to boost mAb yield are also discussed to improve the limiting selection and screening steps. Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are among the most powerful therapeutics in modern medicine. Since the approval of the first therapeutic antibody in 1986, monoclonal antibodies keep holding great expectations for application in a range of clinical indications, highlighting the need to provide timely and sustainable access to powerful screening options. However, their application in the past has been limited by time-consuming and expensive steps of discovery and production. The screening of antibody repertoires is a laborious step; however, the implementation of next-generation sequencing-guided screening of single-chain antibody fragments has now largely overcome this issue. This review provides a detailed overview of the current strategies for the identification of monoclonal antibodies from phage display-based libraries. We also discuss the challenges and the possible solutions to improve the limiting selection and screening steps, in order to keep pace with the increasing demand for monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Margherita Passariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco J. Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.); (A.N.); (C.D.L.)
- CEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (E.S.)
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Tian Y, Xu W, Ma K, Cong L, Shen Y, Han X, Liang C, Liang L, Qi G, Jin Y, Xu S. Label-Free Analysis of Cell Membrane Proteins via Evanescent Field Excited Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10720-10727. [PMID: 34709838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Challenges in studying the structures and functions of cell membrane proteins lie in their lipophilicity, which makes them hard to be stabilized, crystallized, and expressed by E. coli. Herein, we propose an evanescent field excited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (EF-SERS) strategy for label-free analysis of membrane proteins in situ. Extracted cell membranes tightly wrapped the metal nanoparticles by an extruder, which ensures the SERS signals of the membrane proteins precisely benefit from the localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The leaky mode of a waveguide was employed to improve the plasmon excitation coupling. Thus, the LSPs and waveguide modes together enable the achievement of high-quality SERS profiles of membrane proteins. By spectral analysis, the structural changes of membrane proteins can be deeply understood at the molecular level. This method has broader applicability in establishing the Ramanomics of membrane proteins and unraveling the exact changes of membrane proteins during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Avenue, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lili Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Avenue, Chongqing 400700, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Avenue, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Avenue, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
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Fleitas-Salazar N, Pedroso-Santana S, Silva-Campa E, Angulo-Molina A, Toledo JR, Riera R, Pedroza-Montero M. Raman spectroscopy and silver nanoparticles for efficient detection of membrane proteins in living cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:495101. [PMID: 34450614 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac21ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular fingerprints revealed by Raman techniques show great potential for biomedical applications, like disease diagnostic through Raman detection of tumor markers and other molecules in the cell membrane. However, SERS substrates used in membrane molecule studies produce enhanced Raman spectra of high variability and challenging band assignments that limit their application. In this work, these drawbacks are addressed to detect membrane-associated hemoglobin (Hbm) in human erythrocytes through Raman spectroscopy. These cells are incubated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in PBS before Raman measurements. Our results showed that AgNPs form large aggregates in PBS that adhered to the erythrocyte membrane, which enhances Raman scattering by molecules around the membrane, like Hbm. Also, deoxyHb markers may allow Hbmdetection in Raman spectra of oxygenated erythrocytes (oxyRBCs). Raman spectra of oxyRBCs incubated with AgNPs showed enhanced deoxyHb signals with good spectral reproducibility, supporting the Hbmdetection through deoxyHb markers. Instead, Raman spectra of oxyRBCs showed oxyHb bands associated with free cytoplasmic hemoglobin. Other factors influencing Raman detection of membrane proteins are discussed, like bothz-position and dimension of the sample volume. The results encourage membrane protein studies in living cells using Raman spectroscopy, leading to the characterization and diagnostic of different pathologies through a non-invasive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noralvis Fleitas-Salazar
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Seidy Pedroso-Santana
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Aracely Angulo-Molina
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Raul Riera
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Martin Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
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8
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Generation of a Novel Mesothelin-Targeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus and Implemented Strategies for Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020477. [PMID: 33418877 PMCID: PMC7825047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HER2-based retargeted viruses are in advanced phases of preclinical development of breast cancer models. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface tumor antigen expressed in different subtypes of breast and non-breast cancer. Its recent identification as a marker of some triple-negative breast tumors renders it an attractive target, presently investigated in clinical trials employing antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells. The availability of MSLN-retargeted oncolytic viruses may complement the current immunotherapeutic panel of biological drugs against HER2-negative breast and non-breast tumors. Methods: A fully virulent, tumor-targeted oncolytic Herpes simplex virus-1 (MSLN-THV) with a selectivity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells was generated. Recombineering technology was used to replace an essential moiety of the viral glycoprotein D with antibody fragments derived from clinically validated MSLN monoclonal antibodies, and to allow IL12 cargo expression in infected cells. Panels of breast and female reproductive system cell lines were used to verify the oncolytic potential of the viral constructs. A platform for production of the retargeted viruses was developed in HEK 293 cells, providing stable expression of a suitable chimeric receptor. Results: We demonstrated the selectivity of viral infection and cytotoxicity by MSLN-retargeted viruses in a panel of mesothelin-positive cancer cells, originating from breast and female reproductive system tumors. We also developed a second-generation oncolytic MSLN-THV, encoding IL12, to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of the viral backbone. A non-tumor cell line expressing a chimeric MSLN/Nectin-1 receptor, de-sensitized from antiviral responses by genetic inactivation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent pathway was engineered, to optimize viral yields. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study proposes MSLN-retargeted herpesviruses as potential cancer immunotherapeutics for assessments in preclinical models of MSLN-positive tumors, complementing the available panel of oncolytic viruses to HER2-negative breast tumors.
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Saffioti NA, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Pallarola D. Biosensors for Studies on Adhesion-Mediated Cellular Responses to Their Microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597950. [PMID: 33262979 PMCID: PMC7685988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells interact with their microenvironment by constantly sensing mechanical and chemical cues converting them into biochemical signals. These processes allow cells to respond and adapt to changes in their environment, and are crucial for most cellular functions. Understanding the mechanism underlying this complex interplay at the cell-matrix interface is of fundamental value to decipher key biochemical and mechanical factors regulating cell fate. The combination of material science and surface chemistry aided in the creation of controllable environments to study cell mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Biologically inspired materials tailored with specific bioactive molecules, desired physical properties and tunable topography have emerged as suitable tools to study cell behavior. Among these materials, synthetic cell interfaces with built-in sensing capabilities are highly advantageous to measure biophysical and biochemical interaction between cells and their environment. In this review, we discuss the design of micro and nanostructured biomaterials engineered not only to mimic the structure, properties, and function of the cellular microenvironment, but also to obtain quantitative information on how cells sense and probe specific adhesive cues from the extracellular domain. This type of responsive biointerfaces provides a readout of mechanics, biochemistry, and electrical activity in real time allowing observation of cellular processes with molecular specificity. Specifically designed sensors based on advanced optical and electrochemical readout are discussed. We further provide an insight into the emerging role of multifunctional micro and nanosensors to control and monitor cell functions by means of material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Andrés Saffioti
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Pallarola
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
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