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Sengupta S, Biswas M, Gandhi KA, Gupta SK, Gera PB, Gota V, Sonawane A. Preclinical evaluation of engineered L-asparaginase variants to improve the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Transl Oncol 2024; 43:101909. [PMID: 38412663 PMCID: PMC10907863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli l-asparaginase (EcA), an integral part of multi-agent chemotherapy protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is constrained by safety concerns and the development of anti-asparaginase antibodies. Novel variants with better pharmacological properties are desirable. METHODS Thousands of novel EcA variants were constructed using protein engineering approach. After preliminary screening, two mutants, KHY-17 and KHYW-17 were selected for further development. The variants were characterized for asparaginase activity, glutaminase activity, cytotoxicity and antigenicity in vitro. Immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy were tested in vivo. Binding of the variants to pre-existing antibodies in primary and relapsed ALL patients' samples was evaluated. RESULTS Both variants showed similar asparaginase activity but approximately 24-fold reduced glutaminase activity compared to wild-type EcA (WT). Cytotoxicity against Reh cells was significantly higher with the mutants, although not toxic to human PBMCs than WT. The mutants showed approximately 3-fold lower IgG and IgM production compared to WT. Pharmacokinetic study in BALB/c mice showed longer half-life of the mutants (KHY-17- 267.28±9.74; KHYW-17- 167.41±14.4) compared to WT (103.24±18). Single and repeat-doses showed no toxicity up to 2000 IU/kg and 1600 IU/kg respectively. Efficacy in ALL xenograft mouse model showed 80-90 % reduction of leukemic cells with mutants compared to 40 % with WT. Consequently, survival was 90 % in each mutant group compared to 10 % with WT. KHYW-17 showed over 2-fold lower binding to pre-existing anti-asparaginase antibodies from ALL patients treated with l-asparaginase. CONCLUSION EcA variants demonstrated better pharmacological properties compared to WT that makes them good candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumika Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushboo A Gandhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Poonam B Gera
- Department of Pathology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India; Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Zhang D, Czapinska H, Bochtler M, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. RrA, an enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum, is a prototype of a new family of short-chain L-asparaginases. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4920. [PMID: 38501449 PMCID: PMC10949315 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
L-Asparaginases (ASNases) catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp and ammonia. Members of the ASNase family are used as drugs in the treatment of leukemia, as well as in the food industry. The protomers of bacterial ASNases typically contain 300-400 amino acids (typical class 1 ASNases). In contrast, the chain of ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, reported here and referred to as RrA, consists of only 172 amino acid residues. RrA is homologous to the N-terminal domain of typical bacterial class 1 ASNases and exhibits millimolar affinity for L-Asn. In this study, we demonstrate that RrA belongs to a unique family of cytoplasmic, short-chain ASNases (scASNases). These proteins occupy a distinct region in the sequence space, separate from the regions typically assigned to class 1 ASNases. The scASNases are present in approximately 7% of eubacterial species, spanning diverse bacterial lineages. They seem to be significantly enriched in species that encode for more than one class 1 ASNase. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and structural properties of RrA, a member of scASNases family. Crystal structures of the wild-type RrA, both with and without bound L-Asp, as well as structures of several RrA mutants, reveal topologically unique tetramers. Moreover, the active site of one protomer is complemented by two residues (Tyr21 and Asn26) from another protomer. Upon closer inspection, these findings clearly outline scASNases as a stand-alone subfamily of ASNases that can catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp despite the lack of the C-terminal domain that is present in all ASNases described structurally to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Honorata Czapinska
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
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Camacho KF, de Melo Carlos L, Bernal SPF, de Oliveira VM, Ruiz JLM, Ottoni JR, Vieira R, Neto A, Rosa LH, Passarini MRZ. Antarctic marine sediment as a source of filamentous fungi-derived antimicrobial and antitumor compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Extremophiles 2024; 28:21. [PMID: 38532228 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica harbors a microbial diversity still poorly explored and of inestimable biotechnological value. Cold-adapted microorganisms can produce a diverse range of metabolites stable at low temperatures, making these compounds industrially interesting for biotechnological use. The present work investigated the biotechnological potential for antimicrobial and antitumor activity of filamentous fungi and bacteria isolated from marine sediment samples collected at Deception Island, Antarctica. A total of 89 microbial isolates were recovered from marine sediments and submitted to an initial screening for L-glutaminase with antitumoral activity and for antimicrobial metabolites. The isolates Pseudogymnoascus sp. FDG01, Pseudogymnoascus sp. FDG02, and Penicillium sp. FAD33 showed potential antiproliferative action against human pancreatic carcinoma cells while showing no toxic effect on non-tumor cells. The microbial extracts from unidentified three bacteria and four filamentous fungi showed antibacterial activity against at least one tested pathogenic bacterial strain. The isolate FDG01 inhibited four bacterial species, while the isolate FDG01 was active against Micrococcus luteus in the minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.015625 μg mL -1. The results pave the way for further optimization of enzyme production and characterization of enzymes and metabolites found and reaffirm Antarctic marine environments as a wealthy source of compounds potentially applicable in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Fernandes Camacho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Layssa de Melo Carlos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Suzan Prado Fernandes Bernal
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Maria Ruiz
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ronzella Ottoni
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - UNILA, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, 85870-650, Brazil.
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Tsegaye K, Tsehai BA, Getie B. Desirable L-asparaginases for treating cancer and current research trends. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1269282. [PMID: 38591038 PMCID: PMC11001194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1269282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid depletion therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment. It exploits the differences in the metabolic processes between healthy and cancerous cells. Certain microbial enzymes induce cancer cell apoptosis by removing essential amino acids. L-asparaginase is an enzyme approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The enzymes currently employed in clinics come from two different sources: Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. Nevertheless, the search for improved enzymes and other sources continues because of several factors, including immunogenicity, in vivo instability, and protease degradation. Before determining whether L-asparaginase is clinically useful, research should consider the Michaelis constant, turnover number, and maximal velocity. The identification of L-asparaginase from microbial sources has been the subject of various studies. The primary goals of this review are to explore the most current approaches used in the search for therapeutically useful L-asparaginases and to establish whether these investigations identified the crucial characteristics of L-asparaginases before declaring their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindu Tsegaye
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Birhan Getie
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lailaja VP, Hari V, Sumithra TG, Anusree VN, Suresh G, Sanil NK, Sharma S R K, Gopalakrishnan A. In vitro and in silico analysis unravelled clinically desirable attributes of Bacillus altitudinis L-asparaginase. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae062. [PMID: 38467390 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify a marine L-asparaginase with clinically desirable attributes and characterize the shortlisted candidate through in silico tools. METHODS AND RESULTS Marine bacterial strains (number = 105) isolated from marine crabs were evaluated through a stepwise strategy incorporating the crucial attributes for therapeutic safety. The results demonstrated the potential of eight bacterial species for extracellular L-asparaginase production. However, only one isolate (Bacillus altitudinis CMFRI/Bal-2) showed clinically desirable attributes, viz. extracellular production, type-II nature, lack of concurrent L-glutaminase and urease activities, and presence of ansZ (functional gene for clinical type). The enzyme production was 22.55 ± 0.5 µM/mg protein/min within 24 h without optimization. The enzyme also showed good activity and stability in pH 7-8 and temperature 37°C, predicting the functioning inside the human body. The Michealis-Menten constant (Km) was 14.75 µM. Detailed in silico analysis based on functional gene authenticating the results of in vitro characterization and predicted the nonallergenic characteristic of the candidate. Docking results proved the higher affinity of the shortlisted candidate to L-asparagine than L-glutamine and urea. CONCLUSION Comprehensively, the study highlighted B. altitudinis type II asparaginase as a competent candidate for further research on clinically safe asparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Lailaja
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Hari
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - V N Anusree
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Suresh
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Krupesha Sharma S R
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Sharma S, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Verma D. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel thermo-acidophilic l-asparaginase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 38282912 PMCID: PMC10808081 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, a soil isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4 was used for retrieving the l-asparaginase encoding gene (Asn_PA) of size 1089 bp. The gene was successfully cloned into the pET28a (+) vector and expressed into E. coli BL21(DE3) for characterization of the protein. The recombinant rAsn_PA enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA2+ resins. Molecular weight analysis using SDS-PAGE unveiled rAsn_PA as a monomeric protein of molecular weight ~ 35 kDa. On characterization, the recombinant rAsn_PA showed optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively, along with significant stability at 50-70 °C, along with 50% residual activity at 80 °C after 3 h of incubation. Similarly, the rAsn_PA exhibited asparaginase activity over a broad pH range between 4 and 8. The enzyme was not significantly inhibited in the presence of detergents. The rAsn_PA was grouped into the asparaginase-glutaminase family II due to the glutaminase activity. The purified rAsn_PA showed antitumor activity by exhibiting a cytotoxic effect on three different cell lines, where IC50 of purified rAsn_PA was 2.3 IU, 3.7 IU, and 20.5 IU for HL-60, MOLM-13, and K-562 cell lines, respectively. Thus, recombinant rAsn_PA of P. aeruginosa CSPS4 may also be explored as an antitumor agent after reducing or minimizing the glutaminase activity. Thermo-acidophilic properties of rAsn_PA make it a novel enzyme that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities (Faculty of Technology), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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de Lima JY, de Castro Andreassa E, Venturi Biembengut Í, de Arruda Campos Brasil de Souza T. Dissecting dual specificity: Identifying key residues in L-asparaginase for enhanced acute lymphoid leukemia therapy and reduced adverse effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127998. [PMID: 37949271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli (EcA) has been used for the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) since the 1970s. Nevertheless, the enzyme has a second specificity that results in glutaminase breakdown, resulting in depletion from the patient's body, causing severe adverse effects. Despite the huge interest in the use of this enzyme, the exact process of glutamine depletion is still unknown and there is no consensus regarding L-asparagine hydrolysis. Here, we investigate the role of T12, Y25, and T89 in asparaginase and glutaminase activities. We obtained individual clones containing mutations in the T12, Y25 or T89 residues. After the recombinant production of wild-type and mutated EcA, The purified samples were subjected to structural analysis using Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, which revealed that all samples contained thermostable molecules in their active structural conformation, the homotetramer conformation. The quaternary conformation was confirmed by DLS and SEC. The activity enzymatic assay combined with molecular dynamics simulation identified the contribution of T12, Y25, and T89 residues in EcA glutaminase and asparaginase activities. Our results mapped the enzymatic behavior paving the way for the designing of improved EcA enzymes, which is important in the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenifer Yonara de Lima
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil.
| | - Emanuella de Castro Andreassa
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil
| | - Ísis Venturi Biembengut
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, PR 80320-290, Brazil
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Afonso Kessler de Andrade G, de Vargas MVM, Goulart SNB, Bernardes BM, Bezerra JDP, Lemos RPM, de Carvalho Victoria F, de Albuquerque MP. Screening of endophytic fungi from Antarctic mosses: Potential production for L-asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease activity. J Biotechnol 2023; 377:1-12. [PMID: 37806388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies involving endophytic fungi aim to identify organisms inhabiting extreme and relatively unexplored environments, as these fungi possess unique characteristics and uncommon biochemical pathways that enable them to produce compounds with biotechnological potential. Among various enzymes, L-Asparaginase is employed in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In this study, we identified endophytic fungi from Sanionia uncinata and Polytrichastrum alpinum collected on King George Island in Antarctica. The fungi were categorized into morphological groups based on their characteristics, molecularly identified, and assessed for L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) enzyme production. Subsequently, production optimization was conducted. A total of 161 endophytes were isolated from 504 moss gametophytes, with 107 originating from P. alpinum and 54 from S. uncinata. These isolates were categorized into 31 morphotypes. Fungi exhibiting high enzyme production were identified molecularly. Among them, nine identified isolates belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Collariella, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Peroneutypa, Xylaria, and Trametes. Three of these isolates were identified at the species level through multigene phylogeny, namely Epicoccum nigrum, Collariella virescens, and Peroneutypa scoparia. All 31 fungi were subjected to solid media testing for L-ASNase enzyme production, with 22 isolates demonstrating production capability, and 13 of them produced L-ASNase free from Urease and Glutaminase. The isolates displaying solid media production underwent further testing in liquid media, all of which exhibited enzyme production ranging from 0.75 to 1.29 U g-1. Notably, the three fungi identified at the species level were the highest producers of the enzyme (1.29, 1.17, and 1.13 U g-1). The production of these fungi was optimized using the Taguchi method, resulting in production values ranging from 0.687 to 2.461 U g-1. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Antarctic moss endophytic fungi exhibit significant potential for the production of the anti-leukemic enzyme L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Afonso Kessler de Andrade
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil
| | - Maria Victória Magalhães de Vargas
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil
| | - Sara Navarrete Bohi Goulart
- EcoHealth Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Bruna Mota Bernardes
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil
| | - Jadson D P Bezerra
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Rafael Plá Matielo Lemos
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil
| | - Filipe de Carvalho Victoria
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil.
| | - Margéli Pereira de Albuquerque
- Núcleo de Estudos da Vegetação Antártica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, s/n. BR 290 - Km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97300-930, Brazil; Programa Antártico Brasileiro-PROANTAR, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Brasília 70055-900, Brazil
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Magnaghi LR, Zanoni C, Alberti G, Biesuz R. The colorful world of sulfonephthaleins: Current applications in analytical chemistry for "old but gold" molecules. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1281:341807. [PMID: 38783746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonephthaleins represent one of the most common and widely employed reactive dyes in analytical chemistry, thanks to their stability, low-cost, well-visible colors, reactivity and possibilities of chemical modification. Despite being first proposed in 1916, nowadays, these molecules play a fundamental role in biological and medical applications, environmental analyses, food quality monitoring and other fields, with a particular focus on low-cost and disposable devices or methods for practical applications. Since up to our knowledge, no reviews or book chapters focused explicitly on sulfonephthaleins have ever been published, in this review, we will briefly describe sulfonephthaleins history, their acid-base properties will be discussed, and the most recent applications in different fields will be presented, focusing on the last ten years literature (2014-2023). Finally, safety and environmental issues will be briefly discussed, despite being quite controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rita Magnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Unità di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Camilla Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giancarla Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaela Biesuz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Unità di Ricerca di Pavia, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy
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Basavarajappa DS, Niazi SK, Bepari A, Assiri RA, Hussain SA, Muzaheed, Nayaka S, Hiremath H, Rudrappa M, Chakraborty B, Hugar A. Efficacy of Penicillium limosum Strain AK-7 Derived Bioactive Metabolites on Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity against Human Ovarian Teratocarcinoma (PA-1) Cell Line. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2480. [PMID: 37894138 PMCID: PMC10609037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural metabolites from beneficial fungi were recognized for their potential to inhibit multidrug-resistant human and plant fungal pathogens. The present study describes the isolation, metabolite profiling, antibacterial, and antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of soil fungi. Among the 17 isolates, the AK-7 isolate was selected based on the primary screening. Further, the identification of isolate AK-7 was performed by 18S rRNA sequencing and identified as Penicillium limosum (with 99.90% similarity). Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract of the Penicillium limosum strain AK-7 (AK-7 extract) was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, and the results showed different functional groups and bioactive metabolites. Consequently, a secondary screening of antibacterial activity by the agar well diffusion method showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. The AK-7 extract exhibited notable antifungal activity by a food poisoning method and showed maximum inhibition of 77.84 ± 1.62%, 56.42 ± 1.27%, and 37.96 ± 1.84% against Cercospora canescens, Fusarium sambucinum and Sclerotium rolfsii phytopathogens. Consequently, the AK-7 extract showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS•+ free radicals with IC50 values of 59.084 μg/mL and 73.36 μg/mL. Further, the anticancer activity of the AK-7 extract against the human ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cell line was tested by MTT and Annexin V flow cytometry. The results showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and exhibited apoptosis with an IC50 value of 82.04 μg/mL. The study highlights the potential of the Penicillium limosum strain AK-7 as a source of active metabolites and natural antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer agent, and it could be an excellent alternative for pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Syed Arif Hussain
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Bidhayak Chakraborty
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Anil Hugar
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India; (D.S.B.); (H.H.); (M.R.); (B.C.); (A.H.)
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11
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Shahana Kabeer S, Francis B, Vishnupriya S, Kattatheyil H, Joseph KJ, Krishnan KP, Mohamed Hatha AA. Characterization of L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 with acrylamide-minimizing potential in potato chips. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1645-1654. [PMID: 37036659 PMCID: PMC10485229 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial L-asparaginase is well known for its application in food industries to reduce acrylamide content in fried starchy food. L-asparaginase produced by Arctic actinomycetes Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 was purified and studied for biochemical characterization. The L-asparaginase was purified with a yield of 15.49% and final specific activity of 179.77 IU/mg of protein. The enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 43 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum activity of the purified enzyme were 8.5 °C and 40 °C, respectively. The enzyme expressed maximum activity at an incubation period of 30 min and a substrate concentration of 0.06 M. The enzyme has a low Km value of 0.041 M and excellent substrate specificity toward L-asparagine. The enzyme activity was inhibited by metal ions Ba2+ and Hg2+, while Mn2+ and Mg2+ enhanced the activity. The study evaluated the acrylamide reduction potential of L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 in potato chips. The blanching plus L-asparaginase treatment of potato slices resulted in a 50% reduction in acrylamide content. The study illustrated an effective acrylamide reduction strategy in potato chips using L-asparaginase from a psychrophilic actinomycete. Besides the acrylamide reduction potential, L-asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 also did not exhibit any glutaminase or urease activity which is an outstanding feature of L-asparaginase to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahana Kabeer
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Bini Francis
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - S Vishnupriya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Hafsa Kattatheyil
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K J Joseph
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K P Krishnan
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Vasco da Gama, Goa, India
- CUSAT-NCPOR Centre for Polar Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A A Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- CUSAT-NCPOR Centre for Polar Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
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12
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Ratuchne A, Izidoro SC, Beitel SM, Lacerda LT, Knob A. A new extracellular glutaminase and urease-free L-asparaginase from Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:715-723. [PMID: 36917331 PMCID: PMC10235346 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug employed to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, L-ASNases for therapeutic use are obtained from Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi). Despite their therapeutic potential, enzymes from bacteria are subject to inducing immune responses, resulting in a higher number of side effects. Eukaryote producers, such as fungi, may provide therapeutic alternatives through enzymes that induce relatively less toxicity and immune responses. Additional expected benefits from yeast-derived enzymes include higher activity and stability in physiological conditions. This work describes the new potential therapeutic candidate L-ASNase from the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii. A statistical approach (full factorial central composite design) was used to optimize L-ASNase production, considering L-asparagine and glucose concentration, pH of the medium, and cultivation time as independent factors. In addition, the crude enzymes were biochemically characterized, in terms of temperature and optimal pH, thermostability, pH stability, and associated glutaminase or urease activities. Our results showed that enzyme production increased after supplementing a pH 4.0 medium with 1.0% L-asparagine and 0.5% glucose during 75 h of cultivation. Under these optimized conditions, L-ASNase production reached 26.01 U mL-1, which is suitable for scale-up studies. The produced L-ASNase exhibits maximal activity at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and is highly stable under physiological conditions. In addition, M. guilliermondii L-ASNase has no associated glutaminase or urease activities, demonstrating its potential as a promising antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ratuchne
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristine Izidoro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Susan Michelz Beitel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil
| | - Lorena Tigre Lacerda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral E Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 24A Avenue, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, 13506-752, Brazil
| | - Adriana Knob
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Centro-Oeste, Camargo Varela de Sá Street, 03, Guarapuava, Paraná State, 85040-080, Brazil.
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13
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Saleena SK, Johnson JI, Joseph JK, Padinchati KK, Abdulla MHA. Production and optimization of l-asparaginase by Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 isolated from Arctic sediment. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:417-426. [PMID: 35462434 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes isolated from the Arctic sediment were evaluated for the production of the enzyme l-asparaginase, an enzyme used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The most potent strain Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 was selected for l-asparaginase enzyme production by submerged fermentation. The effect of various fermentation parameters on enzyme production was analyzed statistically using the Plackett-Burman design and response surface method. Effects of eight parameters including temperature, pH, incubation time, inoculum size, agitation speed, the concentration of starch, l-asparagine, and yeast extract were studied on l-asparaginase production by the Arctic isolate S. koyangensis SK4. Factors such as temperature, pH, incubation time, agitation speed, and l-asparagine concentration were found to be important factors influencing l-asparaginase production. Maximum enzyme activity of 136 IU/ml was obtained at 20°C on the seventh day of incubation in the asparagine dextrose broth maintained at pH 7.5, agitation speed 125 rpm, and l-asparagine concentration of 7.5 g/L. The statistical optimization method described in this study proved effective for increasing the l-asparaginase production by Arctic actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana K Saleena
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jeslin I Johnson
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph K Joseph
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Mohamed H A Abdulla
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
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14
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Isolation and Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from Hot Springs in Republic of Korea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122375. [PMID: 36557626 PMCID: PMC9781657 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophiles that produce extracellular hydrolases are of great importance due to their applications in various industries. Thermophilic enzymes are of interest for industrial applications due to their compatibility with industrial processes, and the availability of the organisms is essential to develop their full potential. In this study, a culture-dependent approach was used to identify thermophilic bacteria from five hot springs in Republic of Korea. Characterization, taxonomic identification, and extracellular hydrolase (amylase, lipase, and protease) activity of 29 thermophilic bacterial isolates from the Neungam carbonate, Mungang sulfur, Deokgu, Baegam, and Dongnae hot springs were investigated. Identification based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strains belonged to the phylum Bacillota and were classified as Aeribacillus, Bacillus, Caldibacillus, Geobacillus, and Thermoactinomyces genera. It was found that 22 isolates could produce at least one extracellular enzyme. Geobacillus, representing 41.4% of the isolates, was the most abundant. The highest amount of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes was secreted by strains of the genus Geobacillus, whereas Caldibacillus species produced the highest amount of amylolytic enzyme. The Geobacillus species producing hydrolytic extracellular enzymes appeared to be the most promising.
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15
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Selection and Optimization of Medium Components for the Efficient Production of L-Asparaginase by Leucosporidium scottii L115—A Psychrotolerant Yeast. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the production of L-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme mainly used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, by Leucosporidiumscottii L115, a psychrotolerant yeast isolated from the Antarctic ecosystem. Focus was given to select the most appropriate medium components able to maximize the enzyme production by this yeast, as a first step for the development of a new process to produce ASNase. By combining knowledge in bioprocesses, statistical analysis and modeling, the medium composition that most favored enzyme production was established, which consisted of using a mixture of sucrose (28.34 g L−1) and glycerol (15.61 g L−1) as carbon sources, supplemented with proline (6.15 g L−1) and the following salts (g L−1): KCl, 0.52; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.52; CuNO3·3H2O, 0.001; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.001; and FeSO4·7H2O, 0.001. By using this medium, enzyme production of 2850 U L−1 (productivity of 23.75 U L−1 h−1) was obtained, which represented a 28-fold increase in enzyme production per gram of cells (178 U gdcw−1) when compared to the control (non-optimized medium), and a 50-fold increase when compared to a reference medium used for ASNase production.
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16
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Darvishi F, Jahanafrooz Z, Mokhtarzadeh A. Microbial L-asparaginase as a promising enzyme for treatment of various cancers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5335-5347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Patel PG, Panseriya HZ, Vala AK, Dave BP, Gosai HB. Exploring current scenario and developments in the field of microbial L-asparaginase production and applications: A review. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Raina D, Kumar V, Saran S. A critical review on exploitation of agro-industrial biomass as substrates for the therapeutic microbial enzymes production and implemented protein purification techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133712. [PMID: 35081402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Annually, a huge amount of waste is generated by the industries that use agricultural biomass. Researchers have looked into employing this cheap and renewable agro-biomass as a substrate for enzyme production via fermentation processes to meet the ever-increasing worldwide need. Although there are a number of sources for enzyme extraction, microbial sources have dominated industrial sectors due to their easy availability and rapid growth. Microbial enzymes are currently used in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, biofuels, textiles, paper, detergents, and so on, and using these nutritious feedstocks not only reduces production costs but also helps to reduce environmental concerns. The present review focuses on the therapeutic microbial enzymes produced using different agro-industrial biomass as raw materials, with down-streaming techniques for obtaining a final pure product. Additionally, the article also discussed biomass pretreatment processes, including physical, chemical and biological. The type of pretreatment method to be used is mostly governed by the intended use of the major molecular components of biomass (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). Finally, purification challenges are included. All of this information will be useful in the industrial synthesis of high-purity targeted enzymes if the crucial aspects that have been discussed are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Raina
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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19
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Al-Hazmi NE, Naguib DM. Plant asparaginase versus microbial asparaginase as anticancer agent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27283-27293. [PMID: 34978032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The considerable effect of enzymes on human health draws great attention to enzyme-based drugs (therapeutic enzymes), in recent times. L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a well-known therapeutic enzyme. It has varied applications and is a single molecule for the treatment of multiple diseases. This study tries to extract asparaginase from soybean debris (agricultural wastes) as a cheap plant source and compare this with microbial asparaginase as an agent in cancer chemotherapy. The asparaginase was extracted and purified from soybean debris (plant asparaginase) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (microbial asparaginase), then the physiochemical characters were determined for the two enzymes, and the anticancer activity of plant and microbial asparaginase was determined against gastric cancer (CLS-145), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1), colon cancer (HCT116), esophagus cancer (KYSE-410), liver cancer (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7), and cervical cancer (HELLA). The results showed that plant asparaginase was superior to microbial asparaginase in its physiochemical characters. Plant asparaginase showed higher stability and activity under the conditions of changing either the temperature or the pH; also plant asparaginase has a higher affinity to the asparagine than the microbial asparaginase; besides, this plant asparaginase did not show activity with glutamine as a substrate. The plant asparaginase showed higher anticancer activity than that of microbial asparaginase against all studied cancer cell lines. The present study introduces as the first time a comparative study between the plant and microbial asparaginase which proves that soybean debris asparaginase can be more efficient and safe than that of the microbial asparaginase as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biology (Microbiology), University College of Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deyala M Naguib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Pokrovskaya MV, Pokrovsky VS, Aleksandrova SS, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. Molecular Analysis of L-Asparaginases for Clarification of the Mechanism of Action and Optimization of Pharmacological Functions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030599. [PMID: 35335974 PMCID: PMC8948990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. These proteins with different biochemical, physicochemical and pharmacological properties are found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and mammals. To date, asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi) are widely used in hematology for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. However, their medical use is limited by side effects associated with the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze L-glutamine, as well as the development of immune reactions. To solve these issues, gene-editing methods to introduce amino-acid substitutions of the enzyme are implemented. In this review, we focused on molecular analysis of the mechanism of enzyme action and to optimize the antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Olimpiisky Prospect 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.P.); (S.S.A.); (N.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lailaja VP, Sumithra TG, Reshma KJ, Anusree VN, Amala PV, Kishor TG, Sanil NK. Characterization of novel L-asparaginases having clinically safe profiles from bacteria inhabiting the hemolymph of the crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:491-505. [PMID: 35138564 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is the principal chemotherapeutic agent against different blood cancers. The risks associated with current clinical preparations demand screening for novel ASNases. Accordingly, the study was conducted to shortlist ASNases having clinically safer profiles from a novel niche, namely, microbes in the gut and hemolymph of apparently healthy Scylla serrata. A four-step strategic approach incorporating the essential requirements for clinically safer profiles was followed. The initial step through plate assay showed five (9.61%) potential ASNase producers. The relative prevalence of ASNase producers was higher in hemolymph (13.33%) than gut (4.5%). The positive isolates were identified as Priestia aryabhattai, Priestia megaterium, Bacillus altitudinis, Shewanella decolorationis, and Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum. Quantitative profiles revealed high ASNase production (114.29 to 287.36 U/mL) without any optimization, with an added advantage of the extracellular production. The second step for substrate specificity studies revealed the absence of L-glutaminase and urease activities in ASNases from C. amylolyticum and P. megaterium, the most desirable properties for safe clinical applications. This is the first report of glutaminase and urease-free ASNase from these two bacteria. The third step ensured type II nature of selected ASNases, the targeted form in clinical applications. The fourth step confirmed the activity and stability in human physiological conditions. Altogether, the results revealed two potential ASNases with clinically compatible profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Lailaja
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India.
| | - K J Reshma
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - V N Anusree
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - P V Amala
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - T G Kishor
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulam North P.O, Post Box No. 1603, Kochi, 682 018, India
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22
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In silico and biochemical analysis on a newly isolated Trichoderma asperellum l-asparaginase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Insights into Asparaginase from Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Purification, Characterization and Antileukemic Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020680. [PMID: 35055502 PMCID: PMC8775487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endobiotic fungi are considered as a reservoir of numerous active metabolites. Asparaginase is used as an antileukemic drug specially to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The presented study aims to optimize the media conditions, purify, characterize, and test the antileukemic activity of the asparaginase induced from Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The culture medium was optimized using an experiment designed by The Taguchi model with an activity ranging from 10 to 175 IU/mL. Asparaginase was induced with an activity of 315 IU/mL. Asparaginase was purified with a specific activity of 468.03 U/mg and total activity of 84.4 IU/mL. The purified asparaginase showed an approximate size of 70 kDa. The purified asparaginase showed an optimum temperature of 37 °C and an optimum pH of 6. SDS reduced the activity of asparaginase to 0.65 U/mL while the used ionic surfactants enhanced the enzyme activity up to 151.92 IU/mL. The purified asparaginase showed a Km of 9.37 µM and Vmax of 127.00 µM/mL/min. The purified asparaginase showed an IC50 of 35.2 ± 0.7 IU/mL with leukemic M-NFS-60 cell lines and CC50 of 79.4 ± 1.9 IU/mL with the normal WI-38 cell line. The presented study suggests the use of endophytic fungi as a sustainable source for metabolites such as asparaginase, provides an opportunity to develop a facile, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and rapid synthesis of antileukemic drugs, which have the potential to be used as alternative and reliable sources for potent anticancer agents.
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LIMA IGORG, BISPO JAMESR, AGOSTINHO ADSONY, QUEIROZ ALINECDE, MOREIRA MAGNASUZANAA, PASSARINI MICHELRODRIGOZ, OLIVEIRA VALÉRIAMDE, SETTE LARAD, ROSA LUIZHENRIQUE, DUARTE ALYSSONWAGNERF. Antarctic environments as a source of bacterial and fungal therapeutic enzymes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210452. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - LARA D. SETTE
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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25
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Hafızosmanoğlu G, Ulu A, Köytepe S, Ateş B. Fabrication of Oleic Acid Grafted Starch‐based Hybrid Carriers for
l
‐Asparaginase Encapsulation. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Hafızosmanoğlu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Süleyman Köytepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
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26
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Arumugam N, Shanmugam MK, Thangavelu P. Purification and anticancer activity of glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase from novel endophyte Chaetomium sp. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2161-2175. [PMID: 34694636 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. The present work elaborates the isolation and identification of a novel endophytic fungal isolate producing l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase. Cell growth and enzyme production were investigated for large production. The isolated endophytic fungi were identified at molecular levels and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The enzyme synthesis was evaluated by cultivating the isolated microorganisms in potato dextrose agar medium. Out of 27 isolated endophytes, nine were producing "l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase." l-Asparaginase from Chaetomium sp. exhibited superior enzyme activity than from the other isolates. Observed optimal conditions for l-asparaginase activity were 25 min of incubation time, 0.5 mg of enzyme source, 40°C of temperature, and pH 7.0. l-Asparaginase from Chaetomium sp. exhibited anticancer activity on human blood cancer (MOLT-4) cells. The current study has demonstrated the production of contaminant-free l-asparaginase enzyme from endophytic fungal species. The results showed that: (a) maximum enzyme activity was observed for l-asparaginase from Chaetomium sp., (b) concentration of glucose in the medium as a carbon source suppressed the enzyme production. Chaetomium sp. is a novel source for "l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase," which may play a major role in pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Arumugam
- Thermal and Bio Analysis Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Shanmugam
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Perarasu Thangavelu
- Thermal and Bio Analysis Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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27
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Dumina MV, Zhgun AA, Pokrovskay MV, Aleksandrova SS, Zhdanov DD, Sokolov NN, El’darov MA. Comparison of Enzymatic Activity of Novel Recombinant L-asparaginases of Extremophiles. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Freitas M, Souza P, Cardoso S, Cruvinel K, Abrunhosa LS, Ferreira Filho EX, Inácio J, Pinho DB, Pessoa A, O. Magalhães P. Filamentous Fungi Producing l-Asparaginase with Low Glutaminase Activity Isolated from Brazilian Savanna Soil. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1268. [PMID: 34452229 PMCID: PMC8401000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase is an enzyme used as treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to its ability to hydrolyze l-asparagine, an essential amino acid synthesized by normal cells unlike neoplastic cells. The adverse effects of l-asparaginase formulations are associated with its glutaminase activity and bacterial origin; therefore, it is important to find new sources of l-asparaginase-producing eukaryotic microorganisms with low glutaminase activity. This work evaluated the biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi isolated from Brazilian Savanna soil and plants for l-asparaginase production. Thirty-nine isolates were screened for enzyme production using the plate assay, followed by measuring enzymatic activity in cells after submerged fermentation. The variables influencing l-asparaginase production were evaluated using Plackett-Burman design. Cell disruption methods were evaluated for l-asparaginase release. Penicillium sizovae 2DSST1 and Fusarium proliferatum DCFS10 showed the highest l-asparaginase activity levels and the lowest glutaminase activity levels. Penicillium sizovae l-asparaginase was repressed by carbon sources, whereas higher carbon concentrations enhanced l-asparaginase by F. proliferatum. Maximum enzyme productivity, specific enzyme yield and the biomass conversion factor in the enzyme increased after Plackett-Burman design. Freeze-grinding released 5-fold more l-asparaginase from cells than sonication. This study shows two species, which have not yet been reported, as sources of l-asparaginase with possible reduced immunogenicity for ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Freitas
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Paula Souza
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Samuel Cardoso
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Kellen Cruvinel
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Letícia Santos Abrunhosa
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Edivaldo X. Ferreira Filho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (E.X.F.F.); (D.B.P.)
| | - João Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (E.X.F.F.); (D.B.P.)
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Pérola O. Magalhães
- Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (M.F.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (K.C.); (L.S.A.)
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29
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de Oliveira Lima IG, Bispo JRS, da Silva MB, de Oliveira Feitosa A, Dos Santos ACM, Moreira MSA, Passarini MRZ, Saraiva Câmara PEA, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM, de Queiroz AC, Duarte AWF. Technological Prospecting: Mapping Patents on L-asparaginases from Extremophilic Microorganisms. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:250-265. [PMID: 34353277 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210805162459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-asparaginase (L-ASNase, L-asparagine amidohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is an enzyme with wide therapeutic applicability. Currently, the commercialized L-ASNase comes from mesophilic organisms, presenting low specificity to the substrate and limitations regarding thermostability and active pH range. Such factors prevent the maximum performance of the enzyme in different applications. Therefore, extremophilic organisms may represent important candidates for obtaining amidohydrolases with particular characteristics desired by the biotechnological market. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to carry out a technological prospecting of patents related to the L-asparaginases derived from extremophilic organisms, contributing to pave the way for further rational investigation and application of such enzymes. METHODS This patent literature review used six patents databases: The LENS, WIPO, EPO, USPTO, Patent Inspiration, and INPI. RESULTS It was analyzed 2860 patents, and 14 were selected according to combinations of descriptors and study criteria. Approximately 57.14% of the patents refer to enzymes obtained from archaea, especially from the speciesPyrococcus yayanosii (35.71% of the totality). CONCLUSION The present prospective study has singular relevance since there are no recent patent reviews for L-asparaginases, especially produced by extremophilic microorganisms. Although such enzymes have well-defined applications, corroborated by the patents compiled in this review, the most recent studies allude to new uses, such as the treatment of infections. The characterization of the catalytic profiles allows us to infer that there are potential sources still unexplored. Hence, the search for new L-ASNases with different characteristics will continue to grow in the coming years and, possibly, ramifications of the technological routes will be witnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gomes de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - James Romero Soares Bispo
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Maurício Bernardo da Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Alexya de Oliveira Feitosa
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre Moreira
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceio, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia Oliveira
- Divisao de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciencias Medicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
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30
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Jia R, Wan X, Geng X, Xue D, Xie Z, Chen C. Microbial L-asparaginase for Application in Acrylamide Mitigation from Food: Current Research Status and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081659. [PMID: 34442737 PMCID: PMC8400838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, which has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbes have advantages for L-asparaginase production, and there are several commercially available forms of L-asparaginase, all of which are derived from microbes. Generally, L-asparaginase has an optimum pH range of 5.0-9.0 and an optimum temperature of between 30 and 60 °C. However, the optimum temperature of L-asparaginase from hyperthermophilic archaea is considerable higher (between 85 and 100 °C). The native properties of the enzymes can be enhanced by using immobilization techniques. The stability and recyclability of immobilized enzymes makes them more suitable for food applications. This current work describes the classification, catalytic mechanism, production, purification, and immobilization of microbial L-asparaginase, focusing on its application as an effective reducer of acrylamide in fried potato products, bakery products, and coffee. This highlights the prospects of cost-effective L-asparaginase, thermostable L-asparaginase, and immobilized L-asparaginase as good candidates for food application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Jia
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
| | - Xu Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Deming Xue
- School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (R.J.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (C.C.)
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31
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Ashok A, Kumar DS. Laboratory scale bioreactor studies on the production of l-asparaginase using Rhizopus microsporus IBBL-2 and Trichosporon asahii IBBLA1. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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An M, Qu C, Miao J, Sha Z. A Class II CPD Photolyase and a 6-4 Photolyase with Photorepair Activity from the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans M211. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1527-1533. [PMID: 34166538 DOI: 10.1111/php.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic mosses are the dominant vegetation in the Antarctic continent. Because of stratospheric ozone depletion, they can withstand physiological extreme UV. The formation of CPD and 6-4PP is one of the most harmful damages of UV to DNA. DNA damage can interfere with replication and transcription, resulting in mutation and death. Two types of photolyase, CPD photolyase and 6-4 photolyase, are capable of specific binding CPD or 6-4PP and repairing these lesions. However, there is little research on photolyase in Antarctic moss. Here, we isolated a gene encoding class II CPD photolyase (PnCPDPhr) and a gene encoding 6-4 photolyase (Pn6-4Phr) from Antarctic moss P. nutans M211. When exposed to UVB, CPDs accumulated in gametophytes and the gene expressions of PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr were both up-regulated. In addition, the in vitro expression and photoreactivation assays of PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr were performed. Our results demonstrated that PnCPDPhr and Pn6-4Phr have an effective activity of DNA repair. This is the first study to determine the CPD accumulation in Antarctic moss as well as the first report isolating CPD photolyase and 6-4 photolyase from Antarctic moss. These results will enrich the knowledge of photolyase family and benefit the exploitation of functioning gene in Antarctic moss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling An
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Lubkowski J, Wlodawer A. Structural and biochemical properties of L-asparaginase. FEBS J 2021; 288:4183-4209. [PMID: 34060231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (a hydrolase converting l-asparagine to l-aspartic acid) was the first enzyme to be used in clinical practice as an anticancer agent after its approval in 1978 as a component of a treatment protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Structural and biochemical properties of l-asparaginases have been extensively investigated during the last half-century, providing an accurate structural description of the enzyme isolated from a variety of sources, as well as clarifying the mechanism of its activity. This review provides a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge of primarily structural, but also selected biochemical properties of 'bacterial-type' l-asparaginases from different organisms. The most extensively studied members of this enzyme family are l-asparaginases highly homologous to one of the two enzymes from Escherichia coli (usually referred to as EcAI and EcAII). Members of this enzyme family, although often called bacterial-type l-asparaginases, have been also identified in such divergent organisms as archaea or eukarya. Over 100 structural models of l-asparaginases have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank during the last 30 years. One of the prime achievements of structure-centered approaches was the elucidation of the details of the mechanism of enzymatic action of this unique hydrolase that utilizes a side chain of threonine as the primary nucleophile. The molecular basis of other important properties of these enzymes, such as their substrate specificity, is still being evaluated. Results of structural and mechanistic studies of l-asparaginases are being utilized in efforts to improve the clinical properties of this important anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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Potential of Anti-Cancer Activity of Secondary Metabolic Products from Marine Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060436. [PMID: 34070936 PMCID: PMC8229146 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising feature of the fungi from the marine environment as a source for anticancer agents belongs to the fungal ability to produce several compounds and enzymes which contribute effectively against the cancer cells growth. L-asparaginase acts by degrading the asparagine which is the main substance of cancer cells. Moreover, the compounds produced during the secondary metabolic process acts by changing the cell morphology and DNA fragmentation leading to apoptosis of the cancer cells. The current review has analyed the available information on the anticancer activity of the fungi based on the data extracted from the Scopus database. The systematic and bibliometric analysis revealed many of the properties available for the fungi to be the best candidate as a source of anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin, actinomycin, and flavonoids are among the primary chemical drug used for cancer treatment. In comparison, the most anticancer compounds producing fungi are Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus A. oryzae, A. flavus, A. versicolor, A. terreus, Penicillium citrinum, P. chrysogenum, and P. polonicum and have been used for investigating the anticancer activity against the uterine cervix, pancreatic cancer, ovary, breast, colon, and colorectal cancer.
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Canini F, Geml J, Buzzini P, Turchetti B, Onofri S, D’Acqui LP, Ripa C, Zucconi L. Growth Forms and Functional Guilds Distribution of Soil Fungi in Coastal Versus Inland Sites of Victoria Land, Antarctica. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040320. [PMID: 33920495 PMCID: PMC8070035 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Victoria Land, Antarctica, ice-free areas are restricted to coastal regions and dominate the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. These two environments are subjected to different pressures that determine the establishment of highly adapted fungal communities. Within the kingdom of fungi, filamentous, yeasts and meristematic/microcolonial growth forms on one side and different lifestyles on the other side may be considered adaptive strategies of particular interest in the frame of Antarctic constraints. In this optic, soil fungal communities from both coastal and Dry Valleys sites, already characterized thorough ITS1 metabarcoding sequencing, have been compared to determine the different distribution of phyla, growth forms, and lifestyles. Though we did not find significant differences in the richness between the two environments, the communities were highly differentiated and Dry Valleys sites had a higher evenness compared to coastal ones. Additionally, the distribution of different growth forms and lifestyles were well differentiated, and their diversity and composition were likely influenced by soil abiotic parameters, among which soil granulometry, pH, P, and C contents were the potential main determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761357138
| | - József Geml
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- MTA-EKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (P.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luigi Paolo D’Acqui
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ripa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.O.); (C.R.); (L.Z.)
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Bioprospecting of the agaricomycete Ganoderma australe GPC191 as novel source for L-asparaginase production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6192. [PMID: 33737513 PMCID: PMC7973716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is a therapeutically and industrially-competent enzyme, acting predominantly as an anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agent. The existing formulations of prokaryotic l-asparaginase are often toxic and contain l-glutaminase and urease residues, thereby increasing the purification steps. Production of l-glutaminase and urease free l-asparaginase is thus desired. In this research, bioprospecting of isolates from the less explored class Agaricomycetes was undertaken for l-asparaginase production. Plate assay (using phenol red and bromothymol blue dyes) was performed followed by estimation of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase and urease activities by Nesslerization reaction for all the isolates. The isolate displaying the desired enzyme production was subjected to morphological, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis with statistical validation using Jukes-Cantor by Neighbour-joining tree of Maximum Likelihood statistical method. Among the isolates, Ganoderma australe GPC191 with significantly high zone index value (5.581 ± 0.045 at 120 h) and enzyme activity (1.57 ± 0.006 U/mL), devoid of l-glutaminase and urease activity was selected. The present study for the first-time reported G. australe as the potential source of l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase and also is one of the few studies contributing to the literature of G. australe in India. Hence, it can be postulated that it may find its future application in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Ekpenyong M, Asitok A, Antigha R, Ogarekpe N, Ekong U, Asuquo M, Essien J, Antai S. Bioprocess Optimization of Nutritional Parameters for Enhanced Anti-leukemic L-Asparaginase Production by Aspergillus candidus UCCM 00117: A Sequential Statistical Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:1501-1527. [PMID: 33716598 PMCID: PMC7942987 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sequential optimization of bioprocess nutritional conditions for production of glutaminase-near-free L-asparaginase by Aspergillus candidus UCCM 00117 was conducted under shake flask laboratory conditions. Catalytic and anti-cancer activities of the poly-peptide were evaluated using standard in vitro biochemical methods. Medium nutrients were selected by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach while Plackett-Burman design (PBD) screened potential factors for optimization. Path of steepest ascent (PSA) and response surface methodology (RSM) of a Min-Run-Res V fractional factorial of a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to optimize factor levels towards improved enzyme activity. A multi-objective approach using desirability function generated through predictor importance and weighted coefficient methodology was adopted for optimization. The approach set optimum bioprocess conditions as 49.55 g/L molasses, 64.98% corn steep liquor, 44.23 g/L asparagine, 1.73 g/L potassium, 0.055 g/L manganese and 0.043 g/L chromium (III) ions, at a composite desirability of 0.943 and an L-asparaginase activity of 5216.95U. The Sephadex-200 partially-purified polypeptide had a specific activity of 476.84 U/mg; 0.087U glutaminase activity, 36.46% yield and 20-fold protein purification. Anti-cancer activity potentials of the catalytic poly-peptide were dose-dependent with IC50 (µg/mL): 4.063 (HL-60), 13.75 (HCT-116), 15.83 (HeLa), 11.68 (MCF-7), 7.61 (HepG-2). The therapeutic enzyme exhibited 15-fold more cytotoxicity to myeloid leukemia cell line than to normal (HEK 238 T) cell. Optimum temperature and pH for activity were within physiological range. However, significant interactions between exposure time and levels of each of temperature and pH made interpretations of residual enzyme activities difficult. The manganese-dependent L-asparaginase from Aspergillu s candidus UCCM 00117 is recommended for further anticancer drug investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ekpenyong
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Atim Asitok
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Richard Antigha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Nkpa Ogarekpe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Ubong Ekong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Asuquo
- Department of Hematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Essien
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.,International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Production, purification, characterization, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracellular L-asparaginase produced by Fusarium equiseti AHMF4. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2540-2548. [PMID: 33911966 PMCID: PMC8071902 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase is an antileukemic agent that depletes L-asparagine “an important nutrient for cancer cells” through the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia leading to leukemia cell starvation and apoptosis in susceptible leukemic cell populations. Moreover currently, bacterial L-asparaginase has been limited by problems of lower productivity, stability, selectivity and a number of toxicities along with the resistance towards bacterial L-asparaginase. Then the current work aimed to provide pure L-asparaginase with in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinomas without adverse effects related to current L-asparaginase formulations. Submerged fermentation (SMF) bioprocess was applied and improved to maximize L-asparaginase production from Fusarium equiseti AHMF4 as alternative sources of bacteria. The enzyme production in SMF was maximized to reach 40.78 U mL−1 at the 7th day of fermentation with initial pH 7.0, incubation temperature 30 °C, 1.0% glucose as carbon source, 0.2% asparagine as nitrogen source, 0.1% alanine as amino acid supplement and 0.1% KH2PO4. The purification of AHMF4 L-asparaginase yielded 2.67-fold purification and 48% recovery with final specific activity of 488.1 U mg−1 of protein. Purified L-asparaginase was characterized as serine protease enzyme with molecular weight of 45.7 kDa beside stability at neutral pH and between 20 and 40 °C. Interestingly, purified L-asparaginase showed promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 69.12 μg mL−1) and anti-proliferative activity against cervical epitheloid carcinoma (Hela), epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), Colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 equal to 2.0, 5.0, 12.40, 8.26 and 22.8 μg mL−1, respectively. The enzyme showed higher activity, selectivity and anti-proliferative activity against cancerous cells along with tiny cytotoxicity toward normal cells (WI-38) which indicates that it has selective toxicity and it could be applied as a less toxic alternative to the current formulations.
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Screening and Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of l-asparaginase by Indigenous Fungal-Type Strains. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-020-01056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Exploring the Diversity of Active Ureolytic Bacteria in the Rumen by Comparison of cDNA and gDNA. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112162. [PMID: 33233592 PMCID: PMC7699693 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ureolytic bacteria produce urease that hydrolyzes dietary or recycled urea to ammonia, which can then be converted into microbial proteins. The diversity of ruminal ureolytic bacteria benefits N utilization efficiency in ruminants. However, there is no information at the complementary DNA (cDNA) level to reflect the active status of ureolytic bacteria. To reveal the diversity of active ureolytic bacteria in the rumen, we compared ureC amplicons between genomic DNA (gDNA) and cDNA. These results revealed distinct ureolytic bacterial community profiles based on gDNA and cDNA. The dominant ureolytic bacterial had high transcriptional activity, and the differential were mainly distributed in the genus of low abundance. Abstract In this study we revealed the diversity of active ureolytic bacteria in the rumen by compared ureC amplicons between gDNA and cDNA. Rumen fluid was collected from four Holstein dairy cows with rumen fistulas at 0, 2, and 6 h after morning feeding. Total microbial gDNA and RNA were isolated, and the RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The ureC gene amplicons of gDNA and cDNA were produced and sequenced by MiSeq. These results revealed that the sampling time had no significant difference on the alphssa and beta diversity indices of the ureolytic bacteria. The Shannon diversity of the ureC gene for cDNA was greater than that for gDNA (p < 0.05). There were significant difference in the beta diversity of ureolytic bacteria between gDNA and cDNA (p < 0.01), which indicates a shift in the community of active ureolytic bacteria. Approximately 67% of ureC sequences from cDNA could not be confidently classified at the genus level. The active ureolytic bacteria were mainly from Helicobacter, Herbaspirillum, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Synechococcus, and Sphingobacterium sp. Changes in the operational taxonomic units revealed that the top abundant ureC genes were mostly consistent between gDNA and cDNA, and most differences occurred in the ureC genes with lower abundances. These results revealed distinct ureolytic bacteria community profiles based on gDNA and cDNA. The dominant ureolytic bacteria had high transcriptional activity, and the differential were mainly distributed in the genus of low abundance.
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Malhotra G, Chapadgaonkar SS. Taguchi optimization and scale up of xylanase from Bacillus licheniformis isolated from hot water geyser. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:65. [PMID: 33090283 PMCID: PMC7581663 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylanase is one of the widely applied industrial enzymes with diverse applications. Thermostability and alkali tolerance are the two most desirable qualities for industrial applications of xylanase. In this paper, we reveal the statistical Taguchi optimization strategy for maximization of xylanase production. The important process parameters pH, temperature, concentration of wheat bran, and concentration of yeast extract were optimized using the Taguchi L8 orthogonal array where the 4 factors were considered at 2 levels (high and low). RESULTS The optimized conditions given by model were obtained as follows: (i) pH 6, (ii) culture temperature 35 °C, (iii) concentration of xylan 2% w/v, (iv) concentration of wheat bran 2.5% w/v. The production was scaled upto 2.5 L bioreactor using optimized process parameters. A high xylanase titer of 400 U/ml could be achieved in less than 60 h of culture in the reactor. CONCLUSION Optimization was successful in achieving about threefold increase in the yield of xylanase. The optimized conditions resulted in a successful scale up and enhancement of xylanase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girisha Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana India
| | - Shilpa S. Chapadgaonkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana India
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Freire RKB, Mendonça CMN, Ferraro RB, Moguel IS, Tonso A, Lourenço FR, Santos JHPM, Sette LD, Pessoa Junior A. Glutaminase-free L-asparaginase production by Leucosporidium muscorum isolated from Antarctic marine-sediment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:277-288. [PMID: 32921254 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1815053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an essential drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Commercial bacterial ASNases increase patient survival, but the consequent immunological reactions remain a challenge. Yeasts ASNase is closer to human congeners and could lead to lower side effects. Among 134 yeast strains isolated from marine-sediments in King George Island, Antarctica, nine were L-asparaginase producing yeasts and glutaminase-free. Leucosporidium muscorum CRM 1648 yielded the highest ASNase activity (490.41 U.L-1) and volumetric productivity (5.12 U.L-1 h-1). Sucrose, yeast extract and proline were the best carbon and nitrogen sources to support growth and ASNase production. A full factorial design analysis pointed the optimum media condition for yeast growth and ASNase yield: 20 g L-1 sucrose, 15 g L-1 yeast extract and 20 g L-1 proline, which resulted in 4582.5 U L-1 and 63.64 U L-1 h-1 of ASNase and volumetric productivity, respectively. Analysis of temperature, pH, inoculum and addition of seawater indicated the best condition for ASNase production by this yeast: 12-15 °C, pH 5.5-6.5 and seawater >25% (v/v). Inoculum concentration seems not to interfere. This work is pioneer on the production of ASNase by cold-adapted yeasts, highlighting the potential of these microbial resources as a source of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rominne Karla Barros Freire
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Miguel Nóbrega Mendonça
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bertelli Ferraro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Sánchez Moguel
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Durães Sette
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zucconi L, Canini F, Temporiti ME, Tosi S. Extracellular Enzymes and Bioactive Compounds from Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi for Bioprospecting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186459. [PMID: 32899827 PMCID: PMC7558612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica, one of the harshest environments in the world, has been successfully colonized by extremophilic, psychrophilic, and psychrotolerant microorganisms, facing a range of extreme conditions. Fungi are the most diverse taxon in the Antarctic ecosystems, including soils. Genetic adaptation to this environment results in the synthesis of a range of metabolites, with different functional roles in relation to the biotic and abiotic environmental factors, some of which with new biological properties of potential biotechnological interest. An overview on the production of cold-adapted enzymes and other bioactive secondary metabolites from filamentous fungi and yeasts isolated from Antarctic soils is here provided and considerations on their ecological significance are reported. A great number of researches have been carried out to date, based on cultural approaches. More recently, metagenomics approaches are expected to increase our knowledge on metabolic potential of these organisms, leading to the characterization of unculturable taxa. The search on fungi in Antarctica deserves to be improved, since it may represent a useful strategy for finding new metabolic pathways and, consequently, new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-328-2741247 (L.Z.); +39-347-9288247 (F.C.)
| | - Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-328-2741247 (L.Z.); +39-347-9288247 (F.C.)
| | - Marta Elisabetta Temporiti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.E.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Solveig Tosi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, via S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.E.T.); (S.T.)
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Hossain TJ, Chowdhury SI, Mozumder HA, Chowdhury MNA, Ali F, Rahman N, Dey S. Hydrolytic Exoenzymes Produced by Bacteria Isolated and Identified From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Bombay Duck. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2097. [PMID: 32983064 PMCID: PMC7479992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria producing hydrolytic exoenzymes are of great importance considering their contribution to the host metabolism as well as for their various applications in industrial bioprocesses. In this work hydrolytic capacity of bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) was analyzed and the enzyme-producing bacteria were genetically characterized. A total of twenty gut-associated bacteria, classified into seventeen different species, were isolated and screened for the production of protease, lipase, pectinase, cellulase and amylase enzymes. It was found that thirteen of the isolates could produce at least one of these hydrolytic enzymes among which protease was the most common enzyme detected in ten isolates; lipase in nine, pectinase in four, and cellulase and amylase in one isolate each. This enzymatic array strongly correlated to the previously reported eating behavior of Bombay duck. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based taxonomic classification of the enzyme-producing isolates revealed that the thirteen isolates were grouped into three different classes of bacteria consisting of eight different genera. Staphylococcus, representing ∼46% of the isolates, was the most dominant genus. Measurement of enzyme-production via agar diffusion technique revealed that one of the isolates which belonged to the genus Exiguobacterium, secreted the highest amount of lipolytic and pectinolytic enzymes, whereas a Staphylococcus species produced highest proteolytic activity. The Exiguobacterium sp. expressing a maximum of four hydrolases, appeared to be the most promising isolate of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanim J. Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya I. Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Halima A. Mozumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad N. A. Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdausi Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Nabila Rahman
- Department of Biology, Chittagong Sunshine College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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El-Naggar NEA, El-Shweihy NM. Bioprocess development for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei, purification and in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7942. [PMID: 32409719 PMCID: PMC7224186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the near future, the demand for L-asparaginase is expected to rise several times due to an increase in its clinical and industrial applications in various industrial sectors, such as food processing. Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-K is potent L-asparaginase producer, isolated and identified as new subsp. Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K and the sequence data has been deposited under accession number KJ200343 at the GenBank database. Sixteen different independent factors were examined for their effects on L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K under solid state fermentation conditions using Plackett-Burman design. pH, dextrose and yeast extract were the most significant factors affecting L-asparaginase production. Thus, using central composite design, the optimum levels of these variables were determined. L-asparaginase purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column with a final purification fold of 16.18. The monomeric molecular weight of the purified L-asparaginase was 64 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE method. The in vitro effects of L-asparaginase were evaluated on five human tumor cell lines and found to have a strong anti-proliferative effects. The results showed that the strongest cytotoxic effect of L-asparaginase was exerted on the HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.2 and 2.54 ± 0.3 U/mL; respectively). In addition, the selectivity index of L-asparaginase against HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines was 3.94 and 3.35; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nancy M El-Shweihy
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mizukami H, Hathway B, Procopio N. Aquatic Decomposition of Mammalian Corpses: A Forensic Proteomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2122-2135. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Mizukami
- The Forensic Science Unit, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Bella Hathway
- The Forensic Science Unit, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Noemi Procopio
- The Forensic Science Unit, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
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Vieira WF, Correa HT, Silveira Campos E, Sette LD, Pessoa A, Cardoso VL, Coutinho Filho U. A novel multiple reactor system for the long-term production of L-asparaginase by Penicillium sp. LAMAI 505. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Farahat MG, Amr D, Galal A. Molecular cloning, structural modeling and characterization of a novel glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Cobetia amphilecti AMI6. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:685-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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What makes a good new therapeutic l-asparaginase? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:152. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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L-asparaginase produced from soil isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows potent anti-cancer activity on HeLa cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1146-1153. [PMID: 31516343 PMCID: PMC6737276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cancers, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs in the children <15 years of age. L-asparaginase is an important therapeutic enzyme used for treating ALL. Owing to its therapeutic use and demand, microorganisms have been in use for many years to produce L-asparaginase on an industrial scale. Gram-negative bacteria (Serratia, Erwinia and Escherichia coli) species were used in L-asparaginase. However, earlier studies have documented that the long-term use of enzymes produced from these commercial strains induces hypersensitivity in patients. Therefore, there is a need to discover novel microbial strains producing L-asparaginase with anti-cancer properties, which can be employed for the commercial production of the enzyme. In this study, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (accession numbers LC425424 (P31), LC425425 (P32), and LC425426 (P34)) isolated from garden soil were screened for the invention of L-asparaginase. Fermented production media was dialyzed to attain the purified enzyme, thus showed a dose-depended cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells, as determined by MTT assay. The IC50s of the different isolates were 86.73, 57.65, and 40.34 µg/mL. These results indicate that pseudomonal L-asparaginase may be used for cancer treatment.
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