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Kuwabara S, Tanimoto Y, Okutani M, Jie M, Haseda Y, Kinugasa-Katayama Y, Aoshi T. Microfluidics sorting enables the isolation of an intact cellular pair complex of CD8+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells in a cognate antigen recognition-dependent manner. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252666. [PMID: 34125844 PMCID: PMC8202920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses begin with cognate antigen presentation-dependent specific interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. However, there have been limited reports on the isolation and analysis of these cellular complexes of T cell-antigen-presenting cell (T/APC). In this study, we successfully isolated intact antigen-specific cellular complexes of CD8+ T/APC by utilizing a microfluidics cell sorter. Using ovalbumin (OVA) model antigen and OT-I-derived OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, we analyzed the formation of antigen-specific and antigen-non-specific T/APC cellular complexes and revealed that the antigen-specific T/APC cellular complex was highly stable than the non-specific one, and that the intact antigen-specific T/APC complex can be retrieved as well as enriched using a microfluidics sorter, but not a conventional cell sorter. The single T/APC cellular complex obtained can be further analyzed for the sequences of T cell receptor Vα and Vβ genes as well as cognate antigen information simultaneously. These results suggested that this approach can be applied for other antigen and CD8+ T cells of mice and possibly those of humans. We believe that this microfluidics sorting method of the T/APC complex will provide useful information for future T cell immunology research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation/methods
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microfluidics/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kuwabara
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanimoto
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mie Okutani
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meng Jie
- Department of Cellular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Haseda
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Taiki Aoshi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Comprehensive Screening of Mouse T-Cell Epitopes in Human Herpesvirus 6B Glycoprotein H/L/Q1/Q2 Tetramer Complex. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4697529. [PMID: 32775465 PMCID: PMC7399772 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4697529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infects over 90% of people. The HHV-6 subtype, HHV-6B in particular, is often associated with exanthem subitum in early childhood. Exanthem subitum is usually self-limiting and good prognosis disease; however, some infants primarily infected with HHV-6B develop encephalitis/encephalopathy, and half of the patients developed encephalopathy reported to have neurological sequelae. Furthermore, after primary infection, HHV-6B remains in a latent state and sometimes reactivated in immunosuppressed patients, causing life-threatening severe encephalopathy. However, effective immunotherapies or vaccines for controlling HHV-6B infection and reactivation have not yet been established. Recently, we have found that the HHV-6B tetrameric glycoprotein (g) complex, gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 is a promising vaccine candidate, and currently under preclinical development. To confirm our vaccine candidate protein complex induce detectable T-cell responses, in this study, we comprehensively screened CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 tetrameric complex protein in mice immunisation model. Both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were immunised with the tetrameric complex protein or plasmid DNA encoding gH, gL, gQ1, and gQ2, and then restimulated with 162 20-mer peptides covering the whole gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 sequences; multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell-stimulating peptides were identified in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Our study demonstrates that gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 tetramer-targeted vaccination has potential to induce T-cell responses in two different strains of mice and supports the future development and application of T-cell-inducing vaccine and immunotherapies against HHV-6B.
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Wang B, Hara K, Kawabata A, Nishimura M, Wakata A, Tjan LH, Poetranto AL, Yamamoto C, Haseda Y, Aoshi T, Munakata L, Suzuki R, Komatsu M, Tsukamoto R, Itoh T, Nishigori C, Saito Y, Matozaki T, Mori Y. Tetrameric glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 is a promising vaccine candidate for human herpesvirus 6B. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008609. [PMID: 32702057 PMCID: PMC7377363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) occurs in infants after the decline of maternal immunity and causes exanthema subitum accompanied by a high fever, and it occasionally develops into encephalitis resulting in neurological sequelae. There is no effective prophylaxis for HHV-6B, and its development is urgently needed. The glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 (called 'tetramer of HHV-6B') on the virion surface is a viral ligand for its cellular receptor human CD134, and their interaction is thus essential for virus entry into the cells. Herein we examined the potency of the tetramer as a vaccine candidate against HHV-6B. We designed a soluble form of the tetramer by replacing the transmembrane domain of gH with a cleavable tag, and the tetramer was expressed by a mammalian cell expression system. The expressed recombinant tetramer is capable of binding to hCD134. The tetramer was purified to homogeneity and then administered to mice with aluminum hydrogel adjuvant and/or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant. After several immunizations, humoral and cellular immunity for HHV-6B was induced in the mice. These results suggest that the tetramer together with an adjuvant could be a promising candidate HHV-6B vaccine. Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is known as the cause of the common childhood febrile illness exanthem subitum in its primary infection, and it develops into a lifelong latent infection in almost all individuals. Severe complications such as meningitis and encephalitis can occur in both the primary infection and reactivation. There is no established treatment or vaccine. The tetrameric glycoprotein complex gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 (tetramer) on the viral envelope is the ligand for the entry of HHV-6B, which is the critical part for its infection. Here, we established a soluble form of the tetramer and purified it to homogeneity. After several immunizations of tetramer along with different combinations of adjuvants in mice, we observed that it greatly induced defensive immunity against HHV-6B, indicating that the tetramer has the potential to become a vaccine candidate. Moreover, our results also revealed that combinations of distinct adjuvants with the tetramer would be useful as an HHV-6B vaccine strategy for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Wang
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hara
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawabata
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimura
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Aika Wakata
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lidya Handayani Tjan
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Anna Lystia Poetranto
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chisato Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Haseda
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lisa Munakata
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Komatsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryuko Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Asadi-Pooya AA, Bartolini L. Prevention and treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: lessons from hepatitis B story! Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1151-1155. [PMID: 32053411 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1730370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of drug-resistant epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common pathological substrate of TLE. Considering the significant consequences of uncontrolled seizures (e.g. increased morbidity and mortality), epilepsy prevention remains a necessity that potentially could save many lives. Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) has been linked to TLE in humans. The relationship between HHV-6 and HS-TLE could be attributed to a neuro-inflammatory cascade triggered by the infection, involving direct neuronal damage and production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines under certain conditions that are still incompletely understood. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is another chronic viral infection with a life-long latency. HBV infection is linked to various clinical conditions, including liver cirrhosis. There are currently three ways to fight HBV infection and its consequences; primary prevention (by vaccination), secondary prevention (by drug therapy), and tertiary prevention (by liver transplantation). Considering the similarities between the natural histories of HHV-6 and HBV infections, and also the successful strategies which are currently available to fight HBV infection and its long-term consequences, here, we propose three strategies to fight HHV-6 and its possible long-term consequence (i.e. HS-TLE): Primary prevention: by developing vaccines to prevent HHV-6 infection; Secondary prevention: by considering trials of antiviral drugs to treat HHV-6 infection, when it happens in the childhood to hopefully prevent its long-term consequences; and, Tertiary prevention: by stem cell therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Bartolini
- Hasbro Children's Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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