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Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Li H, Gong W, Sun W, Yao Y, Han Y. Role of VPS39, a key tethering protein for endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria-lysosome crosstalk, in health and disease. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36924104 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes, mainly manifested by mitophagy, mitochondria-derived vesicles, and direct physical contact, is essential for maintaining cellular life activities. The VPS39 subunit of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex could play a key role in the regulation of organelle dynamics, such as endolysosomal trafficking and mitochondria-vacuole/lysosome crosstalk, thus contributing to a variety of physiological functions. The abnormalities of VPS39 and related subunits have been reported to be involved in the pathological process of some diseases. Here, we analyze the potential mechanisms and the existing problems of VPS39 in regulating organelle dynamics, which, in turn, regulate physiological functions and disease pathogenesis, so as to provide new clues for facilitating the discovery of therapeutic targets for mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyun Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Guha S, Bhaumik SR. Transcription-coupled DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 109:103211. [PMID: 34883263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genomic DNA is constantly under attack by cellular and/or environmental factors. Fortunately, the cell is armed to safeguard its genome by various mechanisms such as nucleotide excision, base excision, mismatch and DNA double-strand break repairs. While these processes maintain the integrity of the genome throughout, DNA repair occurs preferentially faster at the transcriptionally active genes. Such transcription-coupled repair phenomenon plays important roles to maintain active genome integrity, failure of which would interfere with transcription, leading to an altered gene expression (and hence cellular pathologies/diseases). Among the various DNA damages, DNA double-strand breaks are quite toxic to the cells. If DNA double-strand break occurs at the active gene, it would interfere with transcription/gene expression, thus threatening cellular viability. Such DNA double-strand breaks are found to be repaired faster at the active gene in comparison to its inactive state or the inactive gene, thus supporting the existence of a new phenomenon of transcription-coupled DNA double-strand break repair. Here, we describe the advances of this repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Sukesh R Bhaumik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Long Q, Liu Z, Gullerova M. Sweet Melody or Jazz? Transcription Around DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655786. [PMID: 33959637 PMCID: PMC8096065 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic integrity is continuously threatened by thousands of endogenous and exogenous damaging factors. To preserve genome stability, cells developed comprehensive DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that mediate the recognition of damaged DNA lesions, the activation of signaling cascades, and the execution of DNA repair. Transcription has been understood to pose a threat to genome stability in the presence of DNA breaks. Interestingly, accumulating evidence in recent years shows that the transient transcriptional activation at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites is required for efficient repair, while the rest of the genome exhibits temporary transcription silencing. This genomic shut down is a result of multiple signaling cascades involved in the maintenance of DNA/RNA homeostasis, chromatin stability, and genome fidelity. The regulation of transcription of protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs has been extensively studied; however, the exact regulatory mechanisms of transcription at DSBs remain enigmatic. These complex processes involve many players such as transcription-associated protein complexes, including kinases, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and helicases. The damage-derived transcripts themselves also play an essential role in DDR regulation. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the regulation of transcription at DSBs and discussed the roles of various accessory proteins in these processes and consequently in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Smart Nanoformulation Based on Polymeric Magnetic Nanoparticles and Vincristine Drug: A Novel Therapy for Apoptotic Gene Expression in Tumors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010071. [PMID: 33478036 PMCID: PMC7835862 DOI: 10.3390/life11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced nanobiotechnology provides safe and efficient drug delivery systems to deliver chemotherapy that targets cancer cells efficiently. Methods: A polymeric-magnetic nanocarrier was composed of a dextran (DEX) shell, a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) core and was conjugated with folate (FA) to carry the anticancer drug vincristine (VNC) in Tera-1 testicular tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms by which apoptosis was induced were analyzed using flow cytometry and qPCR, which exhibited anticancer activity of nanoparticles (NPs). Results: This nanocarrier revealed a controlled release of VNC in citrate and phosphate buffer solutions that were maintained at pH 5.5 and pH 7.4, respectively. The Inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were greater than 5 mg/mL and displayed ten times higher cytotoxicity than the comparable free drug concentration. The Caspase-9 and P53 expressions were increased, whereas P21 and AKt1 decreased noticeably in the treated cells. The results point to the possible activation of apoptosis following treatment with NPs loaded with vincristine.
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Ghaffari-Makhmalbaf P, Sayyad M, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Bakhshinejad B, Goudarzi P, Yousefi H, Pournaghshband M, Nemati F, Fahimi H, Rohollah F, Hasanzad M, Hashemi M, Mousavi SH, Babashah S. Docosahexaenoic acid reverses the promoting effects of breast tumor cell-derived exosomes on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 264:118719. [PMID: 33159957 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM As a natural compound, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis functions through exosomes; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Breast cancer (BC) cells were treated with DHA (50 μM) and then tumor cell-derived exosomes (TDEs) were collected and characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and western blot analyses. By the time the cells were treated with DHA, RT-qPCR was used to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the selected pro- and anti-angiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs). The quantification of secreted VEGF protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of TDEs on endothelial cell angiogenesis were explored by transwell cell migration and in vitro vascular tube formation assays. KEY FINDINGS DHA treatment caused a significant and time-dependent decrease in the expression and secretion of VEGF in/from BC cells. This also increased expression of anti-angiogenic miRNAs (i.e. miR-34a, miR-125b, miR-221, and miR-222) while decreased levels of pro-angiogenic miRNAs (i.e. miR-9, miR-17-5p, miR-19a, miR-126, miR-130a, miR-132, miR-296, and miR-378) in exosomes derived from DHA-treated BC cells, TDE (DHA+). While treatment with exosomes (100 μg/ml) obtained from untreated BC cells, TDE (DHA-), enhanced the expression of VEGF-A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), incubation with DHA or TDE (DHA+) led to the significant decrease of VEGF-A transcript level in these cells. We indicated that the incubation with TDE (DHA+) could significantly decrease endothelial cell proliferation and migration and also the length and number of tubes made by HUVECs in comparison with endothelial cells incubated with exosomes obtained from untreated BC cells. SIGNIFICANCE DHA alters angiogenesis by shifting the up-regulation of exosomal miRNA contents from pro-angiogenic to anti-angiogenic, resulting in the inhibition of endothelial cell angiogenesis. These data can help to figure out DHA's anti-cancer function, maybe its use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghaffari-Makhmalbaf
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sayyad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Goudarzi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mahmoud Pournaghshband
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rohollah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Albukhaty S, Al-Musawi S, Abdul Mahdi S, Sulaiman GM, Alwahibi MS, Dewir YH, Soliman DA, Rizwana H. Investigation of Dextran-Coated Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Vinblastine Controlled Release, Delivery, Apoptosis Induction, and Gene Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204721. [PMID: 33076247 PMCID: PMC7587551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) was coated with dextran (DEX), and conjugated with folic acid (FA), to enhance the targeted delivery and uptake of vinblastine (VBL) in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Numerous analyses were performed to validate the prepared FA-DEX-VBL-SPION, such as field emission scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The delivery system capacity was evaluated by loading and release experiments. Moreover, in vitro biological studies, including a cytotoxicity study, cellular uptake assessment, apoptosis analysis, and real-time PCR, were carried out. The results revealed that the obtained nanocarrier was spherical with a suitable dispersion and without visible aggregation. Its average size, polydispersity, and zeta were 74 ± 13 nm, 0.080, and −45 mV, respectively. This dual functional nanocarrier also exhibited low cytotoxicity and a high apoptosis induction potential for successful VBL co-delivery. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated the activation of caspase-3, NF-1, PDL-1, and H-ras inhibition, in PANC-1 cells treated with the FA-VBL-DEX-SPION nanostructure. Close inspection of the obtained data proved that the FA-VBL-DEX-SPION nanostructure possesses a noteworthy chemo-preventive effect on pancreatic cancer cells through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq;
| | - Sharafaldin Al-Musawi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq;
- Correspondence:
| | - Salih Abdul Mahdi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq;
| | - Ghassan M. Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq;
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Dina A. Soliman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
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Ui A, Chiba N, Yasui A. Relationship among DNA double-strand break (DSB), DSB repair, and transcription prevents genome instability and cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1443-1451. [PMID: 32232911 PMCID: PMC7226179 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double‐strand break (DSB) is a serious type of DNA damage and is known to trigger multiple responses within cells. In these responses, novel relationships among DSB, DSB repair, and transcription machineries are created. First, transcription is repressed if DSB occurs near or at the transcription site, termed DSB‐induced transcriptional repression, which contributes to DSB repair with the aid of DNA damage‐signaling pathways, ATM‐ or DNA‐PKcs‐signaling pathways. DSB‐induced transcriptional repression is also regulated by transcriptional factors TLP1, NELF, and ENL, as well as chromatin remodeling and organizing factors ZMYND8, CDYL1, PBAF, and cohesin. Second, transcription and RNA promote DSB repair for genome integrity. Transcription factors such as LEDGF, SETD2, and transcriptionally active histone modification, H3K36, facilitate homologous recombination to overcome DSB. At transcriptional active sites, DNA:RNA hybrids, termed R‐loops, which are formed by DSB, are processed by RAD52 and XPG leading to an activation of the homologous recombination pathway. Even in a transcriptionally inactive non‐genic sites, noncoding RNAs that are produced by RNA polymerase II, DICER, and DROSHA, help to recruit DSB repair proteins at the DSB sites. Third, transcriptional activation itself, however, can induce DSB. Transcriptional activation often generates specific DNA structures such as R‐loops and topoisomerase‐induced DSBs, which cause genotoxic stress and may lead to genome instability and consequently to cancer. Thus, transcription and DSB repair machineries interact and cooperate to prevent genome instability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ui
- Genome Regulation and Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachijoji, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Machour FE, Ayoub N. Transcriptional Regulation at DSBs: Mechanisms and Consequences. Trends Genet 2020; 36:981-997. [PMID: 32001024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defective double-strand break (DSB) repair leads to genomic instabilities that may augment carcinogenesis. DSBs trigger transient transcriptional silencing in the vicinity of transcriptionally active genes through multilayered processes instigated by Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Novel factors have been identified that ensure DSB-induced silencing via two distinct pathways: direct inhibition of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) mediated by negative elongation factor (NELF), and histone code editing by CDYL1 and histone deacetylases (HDACs) that catalyze H3K27me3 and erase lysine crotonylation, respectively. Here, we highlight major advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying transcriptional silencing at DSBs, and discuss its functional implications on repair. Furthermore, we discuss consequential links between DSB-silencing factors and carcinogenesis and discuss the potential of exploiting them for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras E Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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