1
|
Ventura F, Tissières P. The Possible Pathophysiological Role of Pancreatic Stone Protein in Sepsis and Its Potential Therapeutic Implication. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1790. [PMID: 39200255 PMCID: PMC11351894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis, key host dysregulated responses leading to organ failure are mediated by innate immunity, through interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) binding to four types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs activation triggers the protein kinase cascade, initiating the cellular response seen during sepsis. Pancreatic stone protein (PSP), a C-type lectin protein, is a well-defined biomarker of sepsis. Studies have shown that stressed and immune-activated pancreatic β-cells secrete PSP. Animal studies have shown that PSP injection aggravates sepsis, and that the disease severity score and mortality were directly correlated with the doses of PSP injected. In humans, studies have shown that PSP activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and aggravates multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that PSP levels are correlated with disease severity, vasopressor support, progression to organ failure, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, length of stay, and mortality. As PSP is a C-type lectin protein, it may have a role in activating innate immunity through the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which is one of the four PRRs. Herein, we review the literature on PSP and its possible role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and we discuss its potential therapeutic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Ventura
- Division of Anesthesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Intensive Care Unit, Hirslanden Cliniques des Grangettes, Chemin des Grangettes 7, CH-1224 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Tissières
- Pediatric Intensive Care, Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Emergency Department, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78 Rue du Général Lecler, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, CNRS, CEA, Paris Saclay University, 1 Rue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire FHU Sepsis, AP-HP, INSERM, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris Saclay University, 3 Rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ray MK, Chen L, White NH, Ni R, Hershey T, Marshall BA. Longitudinal progression of diabetes mellitus in Wolfram syndrome: The Washington University Wolfram Research Clinic experience. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:212-218. [PMID: 34792267 PMCID: PMC8844189 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) Describe the progression of diabetes mellitus over time in an observational study of Wolfram syndrome, a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative disorder, which often includes diabetes mellitus and is typically diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. (2) Determine whether C-peptide could be used as a marker of diabetes progression in interventional trials for Wolfram syndrome. METHODS N = 44 (25F/19M) participants with genetically confirmed Wolfram syndrome attended the Washington University Wolfram Research Clinic annually from 2010 to 2019. Medical history, physical examinations, blood sampling, and questionnaires were used to collect data about diabetes mellitus and other components of Wolfram syndrome. Beta-cell function was assessed by determination of C-peptide during a mixed meal tolerance test. Random coefficients models evaluated the rate of progression of C-peptide over time, and power analyses were used to estimate the number of subjects needed to detect a change in C-peptide decline during an intervention trial. RESULTS 93.2% of patients had diabetes mellitus. Mean HbA1c across all study visits was 7.9%. C-peptide significantly decreased with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001); an optimal break point in C-peptide decline was identified to occur between 0.1 and 2.3 years after diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Twenty patients per group (active vs. control) were estimated to be needed to detect a 60% slowing of C-peptide decline during the first 2.3 years following diabetes diagnosis. CONCLUSION C-peptide declines over time in Wolfram syndrome and could potentially be used as a marker of diabetes progression in interventional studies for Wolfram syndrome, especially within the first 2 years after diabetes diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Corresponding Author: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4525 Scott Ave, East Bldg, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States, Phone: 1 314 362 5041,
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Neil H White
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, One Children’s Place, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bess A Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Saint Louis Children’s Hospital, One Children’s Place, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,,Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khetan S, Kales S, Kursawe R, Jillette A, Ulirsch JC, Reilly SK, Ucar D, Tewhey R, Stitzel ML. Functional characterization of T2D-associated SNP effects on baseline and ER stress-responsive β cell transcriptional activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5242. [PMID: 34475398 PMCID: PMC8413311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at >250 loci in the human genome to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. For each locus, identifying the functional variant(s) among multiple SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium is critical to understand molecular mechanisms underlying T2D genetic risk. Using massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA), we test the cis-regulatory effects of SNPs associated with T2D and altered in vivo islet chromatin accessibility in MIN6 β cells under steady state and pathophysiologic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. We identify 1,982/6,621 (29.9%) SNP-containing elements that activate transcription in MIN6 and 879 SNP alleles that modulate MPRA activity. Multiple T2D-associated SNPs alter the activity of short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-containing elements that are strongly induced by ER stress. We identify 220 functional variants at 104 T2D association signals, narrowing 54 signals to a single candidate SNP. Together, this study identifies elements driving β cell steady state and ER stress-responsive transcriptional activation, nominates causal T2D SNPs, and uncovers potential roles for repetitive elements in β cell transcriptional stress response and T2D genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Khetan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Susan Kales
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Romy Kursawe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ryan Tewhey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|