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Audoin B. Principles and advances in ultrafast photoacoustics; applications to imaging cell mechanics and to probing cell nanostructure. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100496. [PMID: 37159813 PMCID: PMC10163675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article we first present the foundations of ultrafast photoacoustics, a technique where the acoustic wavelength in play can be considerably shorter than the optical wavelength. The physics primarily involved in the conversion of short light pulses into high frequency sound is described. The mechanical disturbances following the relaxation of hot electrons in metals and other processes leading to the breaking of the mechanical balance are presented, and the generation of bulk shear-waves, of surface and interface waves and of guided waves is discussed. Then, efforts to overcome the limitations imposed by optical diffraction are described. Next, the principles behind the detection of the so generated coherent acoustic phonons with short light pulses are introduced for both opaque and transparent materials. The striking instrumental advances, in the detection of acoustic displacements, ultrafast acquisition, frequency and space resolution are discussed. Then secondly, we introduce picosecond opto-acoustics as a remote and label-free novel modality with an excellent capacity for quantitative evaluation and imaging of the cell's mechanical properties, currently with micron in-plane and sub-optical in depth resolution. We present the methods for time domain Brillouin spectroscopy in cells and for cell ultrasonography. The current applications of this unconventional means of addressing biological questions are presented. This microscopy of the nanoscale intra-cell mechanics, based on the optical monitoring of coherent phonons, is currently emerging as a breakthrough method offering new insights into the supra-molecular structural changes that accompany cell response to a myriad of biological events.
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Ishijima A, Okabe S, Sakuma I, Nakagawa K. Dispersive coherent Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100447. [PMID: 36601363 PMCID: PMC9806682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frequency- and time-domain Brillouin scattering spectroscopy are powerful tools to read out the mechanical properties of complex systems in material and life sciences. Indeed, coherent acoustic phonons in the time-domain method offer superior depth resolution and a stronger signal than incoherent acoustic phonons in the frequency-domain method. However, it requires scanning of delay time between laser pulses for pumping and probing coherent acoustic phonons. Here, we present Brillouin scattering spectroscopy that spans the time and frequency domains to allow the multichannel detection of Brillouin scattering light from coherent acoustic phonons. Our technique traces the time-evolve Brillouin oscillations at the instantaneous frequency of a chromatic-dispersed laser pulse. The spectroscopic heterodyning of Brillouin scattering light in the frequency domain allows a single-frame readout of gigahertz-frequency oscillations with a spectrometer. As a proof of concept, we imaged heterogeneous thin films and biological cells over a wide bandwidth with nanometer depth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Ishijima
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinga Okabe
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Liu L, Simon M, Muggiolu G, Vilotte F, Antoine M, Caron J, Kantor G, Barberet P, Seznec H, Audoin B. Changes in intra-nuclear mechanics in response to DNA damaging agents revealed by time-domain Brillouin micro-spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100385. [PMID: 36068801 PMCID: PMC9441258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
How DNA damage and repair processes affect the biomechanical properties of the nucleus interior remains unknown. Here, an opto-acoustic microscope based on time-domain Brillouin spectroscopy (TDBS) was used to investigate the induced regulation of intra-nuclear mechanics. With this ultrafast pump-probe technique, coherent acoustic phonons were tracked along their propagation in the intra-nucleus nanostructure and the complex stiffness moduli and thicknesses were measured with an optical resolution. Osteosarcoma cells were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the presence of DNA damage was tested using immunodetection targeted against damage signaling proteins. TDBS revealed that the intra-nuclear storage modulus decreased significantly upon exposure to MMS, as a result of the chromatin decondensation and reorganization that favors molecular diffusion within the organelle. When the damaging agent was removed and cells incubated for 2 h in the buffer solution before fixation the intra-nuclear reorganization led to an inverse evolution of the storage modulus, the nucleus stiffened. The same tendency was measured when DNA double-strand breaks were caused by cell exposure to ionizing radiation. TDBS microscopy also revealed changes in acoustic dissipation, another mechanical probe of the intra-nucleus organization at the nano-scale, and changes in nucleus thickness during exposure to MMS and after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Marina Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Florent Vilotte
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Mikael Antoine
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Jerôme Caron
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Guy Kantor
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Regional Cancer Centre of Bordeaux and Southwest and University of Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hervé Seznec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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Pellegrino N, Ecclestone BR, Dinakaran D, van Landeghem F, Fieguth P, Haji Reza P. Time-domain feature extraction for target specificity in photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3952-3955. [PMID: 35913356 DOI: 10.1364/ol.457142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy is an emerging label-free optical absorption imaging modality. PARS operates by capturing nanosecond-scale optical fluctuations produced by photoacoustic pressures. These time-domain (TD) variations are usually projected by amplitude to determine optical absorption magnitude. However, valuable details on a target's material properties (e.g., density, speed of sound) are contained within the TD signals. This work uses a novel, to the best of our knowledge, clustering method to learn TD features, based on signal shape, which relate to underlying material traits. A modified K-means method is used to cluster TD data, capturing representative signal features. These features are then used to form virtual colorizations which may highlight tissues based on their underlying material properties. Applied in fresh resected murine brain tissue, colorized visualizations highlight distinct regions of tissue. This may potentially facilitate differentiation of tissue constituents (e.g., myelinated and unmyelinated axons, cell nuclei) in a single acquisition.
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La Cavera S, Pérez-Cota F, Smith RJ, Clark M. Phonon imaging in 3D with a fibre probe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:91. [PMID: 33907178 PMCID: PMC8079419 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We show for the first time that a single ultrasonic imaging fibre is capable of simultaneously accessing 3D spatial information and mechanical properties from microscopic objects. The novel measurement system consists of two ultrafast lasers that excite and detect high-frequency ultrasound from a nano-transducer that was fabricated onto the tip of a single-mode optical fibre. A signal processing technique was also developed to extract nanometric in-depth spatial measurements from GHz frequency acoustic waves, while still allowing Brillouin spectroscopy in the frequency domain. Label-free and non-contact imaging performance was demonstrated on various polymer microstructures. This singular device is equipped with optical lateral resolution, 2.5 μm, and a depth-profiling precision of 45 nm provided by acoustics. The endoscopic potential for this device is exhibited by extrapolating the single fibre to tens of thousands of fibres in an imaging bundle. Such a device catalyses future phonon endomicroscopy technology that brings the prospect of label-free in vivo histology within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore La Cavera
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard J Smith
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Smith RJ, Pérez-Cota F, Marques L, Clark M. 3D phonon microscopy with sub-micron axial-resolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3301. [PMID: 33558575 PMCID: PMC7870650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering (BLS) is an emerging method for cell imaging and characterisation. It allows elasticity-related contrast, optical resolution and label-free operation. Phonon microscopy detects BLS from laser generated coherent phonon fields to offer an attractive route for imaging since, at GHz frequencies, the phonon wavelength is sub-optical. Using phonon fields to image single cells is challenging as the signal to noise ratio and acquisition time are often poor. However, recent advances in the instrumentation have enabled imaging of fixed and living cells. This work presents the first experimental characterisation of phonon-based axial resolution provided by the response to a sharp edge. The obtained axial resolution is up to 10 times higher than that of the optical system used to take the measurements. Validation of the results are obtained with various polymer objects, which are in good agreement with those obtained using atomic force microscopy. Edge localisation, and hence profilometry, of a phantom boundary is measured with accuracy and precision of approximately 60 nm and 100 nm respectively. Finally, 3D imaging of fixed cells in culture medium is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Smith
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Leonel Marques
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Hamraoui A, Sénépart O, Schneider M, Malaquin S, Péronne E, Becerra L, Semprez F, Legay C, Belliard L. Correlative Imaging of Motoneuronal Cell Elasticity by Pump and Probe Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2021; 120:402-408. [PMID: 33421413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their role of information transmitter between the spinal cord and the muscle fibers, motor neurons are subject to physical stimulation and mechanical property modifications. We report on motoneuron elasticity investigated by time-resolved pump and probe spectroscopy. A dual picosecond geometry simultaneously probing the acoustic impedance mismatch at the cell-titanium transducer interface and acoustic wave propagation inside the motoneuron is presented. Such noncontact and nondestructive microscopy, correlated to standard atomic force microscopy or a fluorescent labels approach, has been carried out on a single cell to address some physical properties such as bulk modulus of elasticity, dynamical longitudinal viscosity, and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamraoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France.
| | - Océane Sénépart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Schneider
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Paris, France; Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ECE Paris-Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Malaquin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Péronne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Becerra
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fannie Semprez
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 8003, Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Belliard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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Kiio TM, Park S. Nano-scientific Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Pathology: from Molecules to Tissues. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:844-858. [PMID: 32308537 PMCID: PMC7163363 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.41805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in biological research are its high imaging resolution, sensitivity, and ability to operate in physiological conditions. Over the past decades, rigorous studies have been performed to determine the potential applications of AFM techniques in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Many pathological conditions are accompanied by alterations in the morphology, adhesion properties, mechanical compliances, and molecular composition of cells and tissues. The accurate determination of such alterations can be utilized as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Alteration in cell morphology represents changes in cell structure and membrane proteins induced by pathologic progression of diseases. Mechanical compliances are also modulated by the active rearrangements of cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix triggered by disease pathogenesis. In addition, adhesion is a critical step in the progression of many diseases including infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in AFM techniques have demonstrated their ability to obtain molecular composition as well as topographic information. The quantitative characterization of molecular alteration in biological specimens in terms of disease progression provides a new avenue to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease onset and progression. In this review, we have highlighted the application of diverse AFM techniques in pathological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soyeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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