1
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Kilgore RE, Moore BD, Sripada SA, Chu W, Shastry S, Barbieri E, Hu S, Tian W, Petersen H, Mohammadifar M, Simpson A, Brown A, Lavoie J, Elhanafi D, Goletz S, Cheng K, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands for the universal purification of exosomes by affinity chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39099106 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are gaining prominence as vectors for drug delivery, vaccination, and regenerative medicine. Owing to their surface biochemistry, which reflects the parent cell membrane, these nanoscale biologics feature low immunogenicity, tunable tissue tropism, and the ability to carry a variety of payloads across biological barriers. The heterogeneity of exosomes' size and composition, however, makes their purification challenging. Traditional techniques, like ultracentrifugation and filtration, afford low product yield and purity, and jeopardizes particle integrity. Affinity chromatography represents an excellent avenue for exosome purification. Yet, current affinity media rely on antibody ligands whose selectivity grants high product purity, but mandates the customization of adsorbents for exosomes with different surface biochemistry while their binding strength imposes elution conditions that may harm product's activity. Addressing these issues, this study introduces the first peptide affinity ligands for the universal purification of exosomes from recombinant feedstocks. The peptides were designed to (1) possess promiscuous biorecognition of exosome markers, without binding process-related contaminants and (2) elute the product under conditions that safeguard product stability. Selected ligands SNGFKKHI and TAHFKKKH demonstrated the ability to capture of exosomes secreted by 14 cell sources and purified exosomes derived from HEK293, PC3, MM1, U87, and COLO1 cells with yields of up to 80% and up-to 50-fold reduction of host cell proteins (HCPs) upon eluting with pH gradient from 7.4 to 10.5, recommended for exosome stability. SNGFKKHI-Toyopearl resin was finally employed in a two-step purification process to isolate exosomes from HEK293 cell fluids, affording a yield of 68% and reducing the titer of HCPs to 68 ng/mL. The biomolecular and morphological features of the isolated exosomes were confirmed by analytical chromatography, Western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weihua Tian
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Denmark Technical University, Kongens, Denmark
| | - Heidi Petersen
- National Food Institute, Denmark Technical University, Kongens, Denmark
| | | | - Aryssa Simpson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Lavoie
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Driss Elhanafi
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Denmark Technical University, Kongens, Denmark
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Kilgore R, Minzoni A, Shastry S, Smith W, Barbieri E, Wu Y, LeBarre JP, Chu W, O'Brien J, Menegatti S. The downstream bioprocess toolbox for therapeutic viral vectors. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464337. [PMID: 37722177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors are poised to acquire a prominent position in modern medicine and biotechnology owing to their role as delivery agents for gene therapies, oncolytic agents, vaccine platforms, and a gateway to engineer cell therapies as well as plants and animals for sustainable agriculture. The success of viral vectors will critically depend on the availability of flexible and affordable biomanufacturing strategies that can meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. In this context, a key role will be played by downstream process technology: while initially adapted from protein purification media, the purification toolbox for viral vectors is currently undergoing a rapid expansion to fit the unique biomolecular characteristics of these products. Innovation efforts are articulated on two fronts, namely (i) the discovery of affinity ligands that target adeno-associated virus, lentivirus, adenovirus, etc.; (ii) the development of adsorbents with innovative morphologies, such as membranes and 3D printed monoliths, that fit the size of viral vectors. Complementing these efforts are the design of novel process layouts that capitalize on novel ligands and adsorbents to ensure high yield and purity of the product while safeguarding its therapeutic efficacy and safety; and a growing panel of analytical methods that monitor the complex array of critical quality attributes of viral vectors and correlate them to the purification strategies. To help explore this complex and evolving environment, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the downstream bioprocess toolbox for viral vectors established in the last decade, and discusses present efforts and future directions contributing to the success of this promising class of biological medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Arianna Minzoni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Will Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Jacob P LeBarre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Juliana O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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3
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Sarma S, Catella CM, San Pedro ET, Xiao X, Durmusoglu D, Menegatti S, Crook N, Magness ST, Hall CK. Design of 8-mer peptides that block Clostridioides difficile toxin A in intestinal cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:878. [PMID: 37634026 PMCID: PMC10460389 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that targets the large intestine (colon), impact a large number of people worldwide. Bacterial colonization is mediated by two exotoxins: toxins A and B. Short peptides that can be delivered to the gut and inhibit the biocatalytic activity of these toxins represent a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat C. diff. infection. We describe an approach that combines a Peptide Binding Design (PepBD) algorithm, molecular-level simulations, a rapid screening assay to evaluate peptide:toxin binding, a primary human cell-based assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to develop peptide inhibitors that block Toxin A in colon epithelial cells. One peptide, SA1, is found to block TcdA toxicity in primary-derived human colon (large intestinal) epithelial cells. SA1 binds TcdA with a KD of 56.1 ± 29.8 nM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ellyce T San Pedro
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Xingqing Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Deniz Durmusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA
| | - Scott T Magness
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Carol K Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7905, USA.
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Chu W, Shastry S, Barbieri E, Prodromou R, Greback-Clarke P, Smith W, Moore B, Kilgore R, Cummings C, Pancorbo J, Gilleskie G, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands for the affinity purification of adeno-associated viruses from HEK 293 cell lysates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2283-2300. [PMID: 37435968 PMCID: PMC10440015 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are the vector of choice for delivering gene therapies that can cure inherited and acquired diseases. Clinical research on various AAV serotypes significantly increased in recent years alongside regulatory approvals of AAV-based therapies. The current AAV purification platform hinges on the capture step, for which several affinity resins are commercially available. These adsorbents rely on protein ligands-typically camelid antibodies-that provide high binding capacity and selectivity, but suffer from low biochemical stability and high cost, and impose harsh elution conditions (pH < 3) that can harm the transduction activity of recovered AAVs. Addressing these challenges, this study introduces peptide ligands that selectively capture AAVs and release them under mild conditions (pH = 6.0). The peptide sequences were identified by screening a focused library and modeled in silico against AAV serotypes 2 and 9 (AAV2 and AAV9) to select candidate ligands that target homologous sites at the interface of the VP1-VP2 and VP2-VP3 virion proteins with mild binding strength (KD ~ 10-5 -10- 6 M). Selected peptides were conjugated to Toyopearl resin and evaluated via binding studies against AAV2 and AAV9, demonstrating the ability to target both serotypes with values of dynamic binding capacity (DBC10% > 1013 vp/mL of resin) and product yields (~50%-80%) on par with commercial adsorbents. The peptide-based adsorbents were finally utilized to purify AAV2 from a HEK 293 cell lysate, affording high recovery (50%-80%), 80- to 400-fold reduction of host cell proteins (HCPs), and high transduction activity (up to 80%) of the purified viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Greback-Clarke
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Will Smith
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher Cummings
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Pancorbo
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Gilleskie
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Prodromou R, Moore B, Chu W, Deal H, Miguel AS, Brown AC, Daniele MA, Pozdin V, Menegatti S. Molecular engineering of cyclic azobenzene-peptide hybrid ligands for the purification of human blood Factor VIII via photo-affinity chromatography. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2213881. [PMID: 37576949 PMCID: PMC10421628 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202213881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of benign stimuli to control the binding and release of labile biologics for their isolation from complex feedstocks is a key goal of modern biopharmaceutical technology. This study introduces cyclic azobenzene-peptide (CAP) hybrid ligands for the rapid and discrete photo-responsive capture and release of blood coagulation Factor VIII (FVIII). A predictive method - based on amino acid sequence and molecular architecture of CAPs - was developed to correlate the conformation of cis/trans CAP photo-isomers to FVIII binding and release. The combined in silico and in vitro analysis of FVIII:peptide interactions guided the design of a rational approach to optimize isomerization kinetics and biorecognition of CAPs. A photoaffinity adsorbent, prepared by conjugating selected CAP G-cycloAZOB[Lys-YYKHLYN-Lys]-G on translucent chromatographic beads, featured high binding capacity (> 6 mg of FVIII per mL of resin) and rapid photo-isomerization kinetics (τ < 30s) when exposed to 420-450 nm light at the intensity of 0.1 W·cm-2. The adsorbent purified FVIII from a recombinant harvest using a single mobile phase, affording high product yield (>90%), purity (>95%), and blood clotting activity. The CAPs introduced in this report demonstrate a novel route integrating gentle operational conditions in a rapid and efficient bioprocess for the purification of life-saving biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brandyn Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Halston Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Adriana San Miguel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Vladimir Pozdin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler St., Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler St., Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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6
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Sarma S, Catella CM, Pedro ETS, Xiao X, Durmusoglu D, Menegatti S, Crook N, Magness ST, Hall CK. Design of 8-mer Peptides that Block Clostridioides difficile Toxin A in Intestinal Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523493. [PMID: 36711911 PMCID: PMC9882058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile ( C. diff .) is a bacterium that causes severe diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. The pathogenicity of C. diff . infection is derived from two major toxins, toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Peptide inhibitors that can be delivered to the gut to inactivate these toxins are an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this work, we present a new approach that combines a pep tide b inding d esign algorithm (PepBD), molecular-level simulations, rapid screening of candidate peptides for toxin binding, a primary human cell-based assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to develop peptide inhibitors that block the glucosyltransferase activity of TcdA by targeting its glucosyltransferase domain (GTD). Using PepBD and explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations, we identified seven candidate peptides, SA1-SA7. These peptides were selected for specific TcdA GTD binding through a custom solid-phase peptide screening system, which eliminated the weaker inhibitors SA5-SA7. The efficacies of SA1-SA4 were then tested using a trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay on monolayers of the human gut epithelial culture model. One peptide, SA1, was found to block TcdA toxicity in primary-derived human jejunum (small intestinal) and colon (large intestinal) epithelial cells. SA1 bound TcdA with a K D of 56.1 ± 29.8 nM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Significance Statement Infections by Clostridioides difficile , a bacterium that targets the large intestine (colon), impact a significant number of people worldwide. Bacterial colonization is mediated by two exotoxins: toxins A and B. Short peptides that can inhibit the biocatalytic activity of these toxins represent a promising strategy to prevent and treat C. diff . infection. We describe an approach that combines a Peptide B inding D esign (PepBD) algorithm, molecular-level simulations, a rapid screening assay to evaluate peptide:toxin binding, a primary human cell-based assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements to develop peptide inhibitors that block Toxin A in small intestinal and colon epithelial cells. Importantly, our designed peptide, SA1, bound toxin A with nanomolar affinity and blocked toxicity in colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Carly M. Catella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ellyce T. San Pedro
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Xingqing Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Deniz Durmusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7905, USA
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7
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Kilgore R, Chu W, Bhandari D, Fischler D, Carbonell RG, Crapanzano M, Menegatti S. Development of peptide affinity ligands for the purification of polyclonal and monoclonal Fabs from recombinant fluids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463701. [PMID: 36502645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered multi-specific monoclonal antibodies (msAbs) and antibody fragments offer valuable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders, aggressive cancers, and viral infections. The advancement in molecular design and recombinant expression of these next-generation drugs, however, is not equaled by the progress in downstream bioprocess technology. The purification of msAbs and fragments requires affinity adsorbents with orthogonal biorecognition of different portions of the antibody structure, namely its Fc (fragment crystallizable) and Fab (fragment antigen-binding) regions or the CH1-3 and CL chains. Current adsorbents rely on protein ligands that, while featuring high binding capacity and selectivity, need harsh elution conditions and suffer from high cost, limited biochemical stability, and potential release of immunogenic fragments. Responding to these challenges, we undertook the de novo discovery of peptide ligands that target different regions of human Fab and enable product release under mild conditions. The ligands were discovered by screening a focused library of 12-mer peptides against a feedstock comprising human Fab and Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteins (CHO HCPs). The identified ligands were evaluated via binding studies as well as molecular docking simulations, returning excellent values of binding capacity (Qmax ∼ 20 mg of Fab per mL of resin) and dissociation constant (KD = 2.16·10-6 M). Selected ligand FRWNFHRNTFFP and commercial Protein L ligands were further characterized by measuring the dynamic binding capacity (DBC10%) at different residence times (RT) and performing the purification of polyclonal and monoclonal Fabs from CHO-K1 cell culture fluids. The peptide ligand featured DBC10% ∼ 6-16 mg/mL (RT of 2 min) and afforded values of yield (93-96%) and purity (89-96%) comparable to those provided by Protein L resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Dipendra Bhandari
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - David Fischler
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Ruben G Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Michael Crapanzano
- LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; LigaTrap Technologies, 1791 Varsity Dr., Suite 150, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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8
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Chu W, Prodromou R, Moore B, Elhanafi D, Kilgore R, Shastry S, Menegatti S. Development of Peptide Ligands for the Purification of α-1 Antitrypsin from Cell Culture Fluids. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Chu W, Sripada SA, Reese HR, Bhandari D, Adams A, Sly J, Crapanzano M, Menegatti S. Purification of polyclonal immunoglobulin G from human serum using peptide‐based adsorbents. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Sobhana A. Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Hannah R. Reese
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Augustus Adams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Jae Sly
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC Durham North Carolina USA
| | | | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC Durham North Carolina USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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10
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Martínez
Ceron MC, Ávila L, Giudicessi SL, Minoia JM, Fingermann M, Camperi SA, Albericio F, Cascone O. Fully Automated Screening of a Combinatorial Library to Avoid False Positives: Application to Tetanus Toxoid Ligand Identification. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18756-18762. [PMID: 34337215 PMCID: PMC8319927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Peptide ligands are widely used in protein purification by affinity chromatography. Here, we applied a fully automated two-stage library screening method that avoids false positive peptidyl-bead selection and applied it to tetanus toxoid purification. The first library screening was performed using only sulforhodamine (a fluorescent dye), and fluorescent beads were isolated automatically by flow cytometry and discarded. A second screening was then performed with the rest of the library, using the target protein (tetanus toxoid)-rhodamine conjugate. This time, fluorescent beads were isolated, and peptide sequences were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Those appearing with greater frequency were synthesized and immobilized on agarose to evaluate a range of chromatographic purification conditions. The affinity matrix PTx1-agarose (Ac-Leu-Arg-Val-Tyr-His-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Lys-agarose) showed the best performance when 20 mM sodium phosphate, 0.05% Tween 20, pH 5.9 as adsorption buffer and 100 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 8.0 as elution buffer were used. A pure tetanus toxoid (Ttx) was loaded on a chromatographic column filled with the PTx1 matrix, and 96% adsorption was achieved, with a K d of 9.18 ± 0.07 nmol/L and a q m of 1.31 ± 0.029 μmol Ttx/mL matrix. Next, a Clostridium tetani culture supernatant treated with formaldehyde (to obtain the toxoid) was applied as a sample. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed a band, identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry as the Ttx, that appeared only in the elution fraction, where an S-layer protein was also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Martínez
Ceron
- Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- . Tel.: +54 11
5287-4671
| | - Lucía Ávila
- Instituto
Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS “Dr.
Carlos G. Malbrán”, Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, 1282 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana L. Giudicessi
- Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M. Minoia
- Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Fingermann
- Instituto
Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS “Dr.
Carlos G. Malbrán”, Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, 1282 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz
2290, 1425 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia A. Camperi
- Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, University of
Kwazulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
| | - Osvaldo Cascone
- Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, 1113 Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, ANLIS “Dr.
Carlos G. Malbrán”, Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, 1282 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Lavoie RA, Chu W, Lavoie JH, Hetzler Z, Williams TI, Carbonell R, Menegatti S. Removal of host cell proteins from cell culture fluids by weak partitioning chromatography using peptide-based adsorbents. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Chu W, Prodromou R, Day KN, Schneible JD, Bacon KB, Bowen JD, Kilgore RE, Catella CM, Moore BD, Mabe MD, Alashoor K, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Menegatti S. Peptides and pseudopeptide ligands: a powerful toolbox for the affinity purification of current and next-generation biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461632. [PMID: 33333349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the consolidation of therapeutic proteins in the fight against cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, recent advancements in biochemistry and biotechnology have introduced a host of next-generation biotherapeutics, such as CRISPR-Cas nucleases, stem and car-T cells, and viral vectors for gene therapy. With these drugs entering the clinical pipeline, a new challenge lies ahead: how to manufacture large quantities of high-purity biotherapeutics that meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. The protein ligands employed by the industry are inadequate to confront this challenge: while featuring high binding affinity and selectivity, these ligands require laborious engineering and expensive manufacturing, are prone to biochemical degradation, and pose safety concerns related to their bacterial origin. Peptides and pseudopeptides make excellent candidates to form a new cohort of ligands for the purification of next-generation biotherapeutics. Peptide-based ligands feature excellent target biorecognition, low or no toxicity and immunogenicity, and can be manufactured affordably at large scale. This work presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on peptide-based ligands and their use in the affinity purification of established and upcoming biological drugs. A comparative analysis is first presented on peptide engineering principles, the development of ligands targeting different biomolecular targets, and the promises and challenges connected to the industrial implementation of peptide ligands. The reviewed literature is organized in (i) conventional (α-)peptides targeting antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, gene therapy products, and therapeutic cells; (ii) cyclic peptides and pseudo-peptides for protein purification and capture of viral and bacterial pathogens; and (iii) the forefront of peptide mimetics, such as β-/γ-peptides, peptoids, foldamers, and stimuli-responsive peptides for advanced processing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kevin N Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Matthew D Mabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kawthar Alashoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yiman Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xiao
- College of Textile, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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13
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Day K, Prodromou R, Saberi Bosari S, Lavoie A, Omary M, Market C, San Miguel A, Menegatti S. Discovery and Evaluation of Peptide Ligands for Selective Adsorption and Release of Cas9 Nuclease on Solid Substrates. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3057-3068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Sahand Saberi Bosari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Mohammad Omary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Connor Market
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Adriana San Miguel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building 1, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh 27695-7905, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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14
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Multiplexed Competitive Screening of One-Bead-One-Component Combinatorial Libraries Using a ClonePix 2 Colony Sorter. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205119. [PMID: 31623061 PMCID: PMC6830312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening solid-phase combinatorial libraries of bioactive compounds against fluorescently labeled target biomolecules is an established technology in ligand and drug discovery. Rarely, however, do screening methods include comprehensive strategies-beyond mere library blocking and competitive screening-to ensure binding selectivity of selected leads. This work presents a method for multiplexed solid-phase peptide library screening using a ClonePix 2 Colony Picker that integrates (i) orthogonal fluorescent labeling for positive selection against a target protein and negative selection against competitor species with (ii) semi-quantitative tracking of target vs. competitor binding for every library bead. The ClonePix 2 technology enables global at-a-glance evaluation and customization of the parameters for bead selection to ensure high affinity and selectivity of the isolated leads. A case study is presented by screening a peptide library against green-labeled human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and red-labeled host cell proteins (HCPs) using ClonePix 2 to select HCP-binding ligands for flow-through chromatography applications. Using this approach, 79 peptide ligand candidates (6.6% of the total number of ligands screened) were identified as potential HCP-selective ligands, enabling a potential rate of >3,000 library beads screened per hour.
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