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Ziloochi F, Niazi IK, Amjad I, Cade A, Duehr J, Ghani U, Holt K, Haavik H, Shalchyan V. Investigating the effects of chiropractic care on resting-state EEG of MCI patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1406664. [PMID: 38919600 PMCID: PMC11196806 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1406664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between health and dementia, with various symptoms including memory, language, and visuospatial impairment. Chiropractic, a manual therapy that seeks to improve the function of the body and spine, has been shown to affect sensorimotor processing, multimodal sensory processing, and mental processing tasks. Methods In this paper, the effect of chiropractic intervention on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in patients with mild cognitive impairment was investigated. EEG signals from two groups of patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 13 people in each group) were recorded pre- and post-control and chiropractic intervention. A comparison of relative power was done with the support vector machine (SVM) method and non-parametric cluster-based permutation test showing the two groups could be separately identified with high accuracy. Results The highest accuracy was obtained in beta2 (25-35 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) bands. A comparison of different brain areas with the SVM method showed that the intervention had a greater effect on frontal areas. Also, interhemispheric coherence in all regions increased significantly after the intervention. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that intrahemispheric coherence changes in frontal-occipital, frontal-temporal and right temporal-occipital regions were significantly different in two groups. Discussion Comparison of the results obtained from chiropractic intervention and previous studies shows that chiropractic intervention can have a positive effect on MCI disease and using this method may slow down the progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ziloochi
- Neuroscience & Neuroengineering Research Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alice Cade
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenna Duehr
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Usman Ghani
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vahid Shalchyan
- Neuroscience & Neuroengineering Research Lab, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Amjad I, Niazi IK, Kumari N, Duehr J, Shehzad G, Rashid U, Duehr J, Trager RJ, Holt K, Haavik H. The effects of chiropractic adjustment on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot RCT. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1323397. [PMID: 38770250 PMCID: PMC11104450 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. We hypothesized that chiropractic adjustments could improve these symptoms by enhancing prefrontal cortex function. This pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of 4 weeks of chiropractic adjustment on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children with ADHD. Methods 67 children with ADHD were randomly allocated to receive either chiropractic adjustments plus usual care (Chiro+UC) or sham chiropractic plus usual care (Sham+UC). The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale (VADTRS), Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parents Rating Scale (SNAP-IV), and ADHD Rating Scale-IV were used to assess outcomes at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Feasibility measures such as recruitment, retention, blinding, safety, and adherence were recorded. Linear mixed regression models were used for data analysis. Results 56 participants (mean age ± SD: 10.70 ± 3.93 years) were included in the analysis. Both the Chiro+UC and Sham+UC groups showed significant improvements in total and subscale ADHD scores at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that it was feasible to examine the effects of chiropractic adjustment when added to usual care on ADHD outcomes in children. While both groups showed improvements, the lack of significant between-group differences requires caution in interpretation due to the small sample size. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up periods is needed to conclusively evaluate the effects of chiropractic adjustments on ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Physical Therapy Department, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nitika Kumari
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jens Duehr
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gulyana Shehzad
- National Intitute of Psychology, Quid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Rashid
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenna Duehr
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert J. Trager
- Connor Whole Health, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
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Niazi IK, Navid MS, Merkle C, Amjad I, Kumari N, Trager RJ, Holt K, Haavik H. A randomized controlled trial comparing different sites of high-velocity low amplitude thrust on sensorimotor integration parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1159. [PMID: 38216596 PMCID: PMC10786886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust directed at a dysfunctional vertebral segment in people with subclinical spinal pain alters various neurophysiological measures, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). We hypothesized that an HVLA thrust applied to a clinician chosen vertebral segment based on clinical indicators of vertebral dysfunction, in short, segment considered as "relevant" would significantly reduce the N30 amplitude compared to an HVLA thrust applied to a predetermined vertebral segment not based on clinical indicators of vertebral dysfunction or segment considered as "non-relevant". In this double-blinded, active-controlled, parallel-design study, 96 adults with recurrent mild neck pain, ache, or stiffness were randomly allocated to receiving a single thrust directed at either a segment considered as "relevant" or a segment considered as "non-relevant" in their upper cervical spine. SEPs of median nerve stimulation were recorded before and immediately after a single HVLA application delivered using an adjusting instrument (Activator). A linear mixed model was used to assess changes in the N30 amplitude. A significant interaction between the site of thrust delivery and session was found (F1,840 = 9.89, p < 0.002). Pairwise comparisons showed a significant immediate decrease in the N30 complex amplitude after the application of HVLA thrust to a segment considered "relevant" (- 16.76 ± 28.32%, p = 0.005). In contrast, no significant change was observed in the group that received HVLA thrust over a segment considered "non-relevant" (p = 0.757). Cervical HVLA thrust applied to the segment considered as "relevant" altered sensorimotor parameters, while cervical HVLA thrust over the segment considered as "non-relevant" did not. This finding supports the hypothesis that spinal site targeting of HVLA interventions is important when measuring neurophysiological responses. Further studies are needed to explore the potential clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Muhammad Samran Navid
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Merkle
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nitika Kumari
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Trager
- Connor Whole Health, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
- College of Chiropractic, Logan University, Chesterfield, USA
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Gao M, Feng T, Zhao F, Shen J, Zheng Y, Liang J, Yang H. Cognitive reserve disorder in age-related hearing loss: cognitive cortical compensatory to auditory perceptual processing. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9616-9626. [PMID: 37381582 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to ascertain the mechanisms of cognitive reserve disorder in age-related hearing loss (ARHL), to study the correlation between ARHL and cognitive decline via EEG, and to reverse the adverse remodeling of auditory-cognitive connectivity with hearing aids (HAs). In this study, 32 participants were enrolled, including 12 with ARHLs, 9 with HAs, and 11 healthy controls (HCs), to undergo EEG, Pure Tone Average (PTA), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and other general cognitive tests. There were the lowest MoCA in the ARHL group (P = 0.001), especially in language and abstraction. In the ARHL group, power spectral density of the gamma in right middle temporal gyrus was significantly higher than HC and HA groups, while functional connectivity between superior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus was weaker than HC group (P = 0.036) and HA group (P = 0.021). In the HA group, superior temporal gyrus and cuneus had higher connectivity than in the HC group (P = 0.036). In the ARHL group, DeltaTM_DTA (P = 0.042) and CTB (P = 0.011) were more frequent than in the HC group, while there was less DeltaTM_CTA (P = 0.029). PTA was found to be associated with MoCA (r = -0.580) and language (r = -0.572), DeltaTM_CTB had a likewise correlation with MoCA (r = 0.483) and language (r = 0.493), while DeltaTM_DTA was related to abstraction (r = -0.458). Cognitive cortexes compensate for worse auditory perceptual processing in ARHL, which relates to cognitive decline. The impaired functional connectivity between auditory and cognitive cortexes can be remodeled by HAs. DeltaTM may serve as a biomarker for early cognitive decline and decreased auditory speech perception in ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua College, 19 of Hua Mei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Tianci Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Centre for Speech and Language Therapy and Hearing Science, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Llandaff Campus, 200 Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, United Kingdom
| | - Jingxian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Department for Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua College, 19 of Hua Mei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jiuxing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East of Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haidi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West of Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Guangzhou Xinhua College, 19 of Hua Mei Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Kushnir A, Fedchyshyn B, Kachmar O. Review of effects of spinal manipulative therapy on neurological symptoms. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 34:66-73. [PMID: 37301560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability in the world. Neurological symptoms significantly affect the well-being of the individual. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a complementary method often used for people with neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the existing literature on the effects of SMT on common clinical symptoms of neurologic disorders and the quality of life. METHODS Narrative review was conducted through the literature published between January 2000 and April 2020 in English. The search was performed across four databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, and Index to Chiropractic Literature. We used combinations of keywords related to SMT, neurological symptoms, and quality of life. Studies on both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations of different ages were included. RESULTS 35 articles were selected. Evidence for the administration of SMT for neurological symptoms is insufficient and sparse. Most studies focused on the effects of SMT on pain, revealing its benefits for spinal pain. SMT may increase strength in asymptomatic people and populations with spinal pain and stroke. SMT was reported to affect spasticity, muscle stiffness, motor function, autonomic function, and balance problems, but these studies were limited in number to make conclusions. An important finding was the positive influence of SMT on the quality of life in people with spinal pain, balance impairments, and cerebral palsy. CONCLUSION SMT may be beneficial for the symptomatic treatment of neurological disorders. SMT can positively affect the quality of life. However, limited evidence is available, and further high-quality research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kushnir
- Elita Rehabilitation Center, Kozyavkin Medical Group, Ukraine
| | - B Fedchyshyn
- Elita Rehabilitation Center, Kozyavkin Medical Group, Ukraine
| | - O Kachmar
- Elita Rehabilitation Center, Kozyavkin Medical Group, Ukraine.
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Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020370. [PMID: 36831913 PMCID: PMC9954543 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (p < 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = -5, Y = -75, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input.
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Topaz LS, Frid A, Granovsky Y, Zubidat R, Crystal S, Buxbaum C, Bosak N, Hadad R, Domany E, Alon T, Meir Yalon L, Shor M, Khamaisi M, Hochberg I, Yarovinsky N, Volkovich Z, Bennett DL, Yarnitsky D. Electroencephalography functional connectivity-A biomarker for painful polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:204-214. [PMID: 36148823 PMCID: PMC10092565 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Advanced analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data has become an essential tool in brain research. Based solely on resting state EEG signals, a data-driven, predictive and explanatory approach is presented to discriminate painful from non-painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) patients. METHODS Three minutes long, 64 electrode resting-state recordings were obtained from 180 DPN patients. The analysis consisted of a mixture of traditional, explanatory and machine learning analyses. First, the 10 functional bivariate connections best differentiating between painful and non-painful patients in each EEG band were identified and the relevant receiver operating characteristic was calculated. Later, those connections were correlated with selected clinical parameters. RESULTS Predictive analysis indicated that theta and beta bands contain most of the information required for discrimination between painful and non-painful polyneuropathy patients, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.93 for theta and 0.89 for beta bands. Assessing statistical differences between the average magnitude of functional connectivity values and clinical pain parameters revealed that painful DPN patients had significantly higher cortical functional connectivity than non-painful ones (p = 0.008 for theta and p = 0.001 for alpha bands). Moreover, intra-band analysis of individual significant functional connections revealed a positive correlation with average reported pain in the previous 3 months in all frequency bands. CONCLUSIONS Resting state EEG functional connectivity can serve as a highly accurate biomarker for the presence or absence of pain in DPN patients. This highlights the importance of the brain, in addition to the peripheral lesions, in generating the clinical pain picture. This tool can probably be extended to other pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Shafran Topaz
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex Frid
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Granovsky
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rabab Zubidat
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shoshana Crystal
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chen Buxbaum
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rafi Hadad
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Erel Domany
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tayir Alon
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lian Meir Yalon
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Merav Shor
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Hochberg
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Zeev Volkovich
- Department of Software Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - David L Bennett
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Yarnitsky
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Mark EB, Liao D, Nedergaard RB, Hansen TM, Drewes AM, Brock C. Central neuronal transmission in response to tonic cold pain is modulated in people with type 1 diabetes and severe polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108263. [PMID: 35842302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate cortical source activity and identify source generators in people with type 1 diabetes during rest and tonic cold pain. METHODS Forty-eight participants with type 1 diabetes and neuropathy, and 21 healthy controls were investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) during 5-minutes resting and 2-minutes tonic cold pain (immersing the hand into water at 2 °C). EEG power was assessed in eight frequency bands, and EEG source generators were analyzed using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). RESULTS Compared to resting EEG, cold pain EEG power differed in all bands in the diabetes group (all p < 0.001) and six bands in the controls (all p < 0.05). Source generator activity in the diabetes group was increased in delta, beta2, beta3, and gamma bands and decreased in alpha1 (all p < 0.006) with changes mainly seen in the frontal and limbic lobe. Compared to controls, people with diabetes had decreased source generator activity during cold pain in the beta2 and beta3 bands (all p < 0.05), mainly in the frontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Participants with type 1 diabetes had altered EEG power and source generator activity predominantly in the frontal and limbic lobe during tonic cold pain. The results may indicate modulated central transmission and neuronal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Bolvig Mark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Donghua Liao
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bach Nedergaard
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Maria Hansen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Northern Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Northern Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
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McCracken HS, Murphy BA, Ambalavanar U, Glazebrook CM, Yielder PC. Source Localization of Audiovisual Multisensory Neural Generators in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060809. [PMID: 35741694 PMCID: PMC9221313 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits unique neurological and behavioural characteristics. Our previous work using event-related potentials demonstrated that adults with ADHD process audiovisual multisensory stimuli somewhat differently than neurotypical controls. This study utilised an audiovisual multisensory two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task. Continuous whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Source localization (sLORETA) software was utilised to determine differences in the contribution made by sources of neural generators pertinent to audiovisual multisensory processing in those with ADHD versus neurotypical controls. Source localization techniques elucidated that the controls had greater neural activity 164 ms post-stimulus onset when compared to the ADHD group, but only when responding to audiovisual stimuli. The source of the increased activity was found to be Brodmann Area 2, postcentral gyrus, right-hemispheric parietal lobe referenced to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of X = 35, Y = −40, and Z = 70 (p < 0.05). No group differences were present during either of the unisensory conditions. Differences in the integration areas, particularly in the right-hemispheric parietal brain regions, were found in those with ADHD. These alterations may correspond to impaired attentional capabilities when presented with multiple simultaneous sensory inputs, as is the case during a multisensory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S. McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
| | - Bernadette A. Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +905-721-8668
| | - Ushani Ambalavanar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
| | - Cheryl M. Glazebrook
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Health, Leisure and Human Performance Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paul C. Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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10
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Savignac C, Ocay DD, Mahdid Y, Blain-Moraes S, Ferland CE. Clinical use of Electroencephalography in the Assessment of Acute Thermal Pain: A Narrative Review Based on Articles From 2009 to 2019. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:124-132. [PMID: 34133245 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211026280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, no practical system has successfully been able to decode and predict pain in clinical settings. The inability of some patients to verbally express their pain creates the need for a tool that could objectively assess pain in these individuals. Neuroimaging techniques combined with machine learning are seen as possible candidates for the identification of pain biomarkers. This review aimed to address the potential use of electroencephalographic features as predictors of acute experimental pain. Twenty-six studies using only thermal stimulations were identified using a PubMed and Scopus search. Combinations of the following terms were used: "EEG," "Electroencephalography," "Acute," "Pain," "Tonic," "Noxious," "Thermal," "Stimulation," "Brain," "Activity," "Cold," "Subjective," and "Perception." Results revealed that contact-heat-evoked potentials have been widely recorded over central areas during noxious heat stimulations. Furthermore, a decrease in alpha power over central regions was revealed, as well as increased theta and gamma powers over frontal areas. Gamma and theta rhythms were associated with connectivity between sensory and affective regions involved in pain processing. A machine learning analysis revealed that the gamma band is a predominant predictor of acute thermal pain. This review also addressed the need of supplementing current spectral features with techniques that allow the investigation of network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Savignac
- 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Don Daniel Ocay
- 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Catherine E Ferland
- 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,70357Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Navid MS, Niazi IK, Lelic D, Amjad I, Kumari N, Shafique M, Holt K, Rashid U, Drewes AM, Haavik H. Chiropractic Spinal Adjustment Increases the Cortical Drive to the Lower Limb Muscle in Chronic Stroke Patients. Front Neurol 2022; 12:747261. [PMID: 35185747 PMCID: PMC8854235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.747261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single session of chiropractic spinal adjustment on the cortical drive to the lower limb in chronic stroke patients. In a single-blinded, randomized controlled parallel design study, 29 individuals with chronic stroke and motor weakness in a lower limb were randomly divided to receive either chiropractic spinal adjustment or a passive movement control intervention. Before and immediately after the intervention, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the lower limb with the greatest degree of motor weakness. Differences in the averaged peak-peak MEP amplitude following interventions were calculated using a linear regression model. Chiropractic spinal adjustment elicited significantly larger MEP amplitude (pre = 0.24 ± 0.17 mV, post = 0.39 ± 0.23 mV, absolute difference = +0.15 mV, relative difference = +92%, p < 0.001) compared to the control intervention (pre = 0.15 ± 0.09 mV, post = 0.16 ± 0.09 mV). The results indicate that chiropractic spinal adjustment increases the corticomotor excitability of ankle dorsiflexor muscles in people with chronic stroke. Further research is required to investigate whether chiropractic spinal adjustment increases dorsiflexor muscle strength and walking function in people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samran Navid
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Centre for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Imran Khan Niazi
| | - Dina Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Imran Amjad
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nitika Kumari
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Shafique
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Usman Rashid
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Niazi IK, Navid MS, Bartley J, Shepherd D, Pedersen M, Burns G, Taylor D, White DE. EEG signatures change during unilateral Yogi nasal breathing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:520. [PMID: 35017606 PMCID: PMC8752782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Airflow through the left-and-right nostrils is said to be entrained by an endogenous nasal cycle paced by both poles of the hypothalamus. Yogic practices suggest, and scientific evidence demonstrates, that right-nostril breathing is involved with relatively higher sympathetic activity (arousal states), while left-nostril breathing is associated with a relatively more parasympathetic activity (stress alleviating state). The objective of this study was to further explore this laterality by controlling nasal airflow and observing patterns of cortical activity through encephalographic (EEG) recordings. Thirty subjects participated in this crossover study. The experimental session consisted of a resting phase (baseline), then a period of unilateral nostril breathing (UNB) using the dominant nasal airway, followed by UNB using the non-dominant nasal airway. A 64-channel EEG was recorded throughout the whole session. The effects of nostril-dominance, and nostril-lateralization were assessed using the power spectral density of the neural activity. The differences in power-spectra and source localization were calculated between EEG recorded during UNB and baseline for delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Cluster-based permutation tests showed that compared to baseline, EEG spectral power was significantly (1) decreased in all frequency bands for non-dominant nostril UNB, (2) decreased in alpha, beta and gamma bands for dominant nostril UNB, (3) decreased in all bands for left nostril UNB, and (4) decreased in all bands except delta for right nostril UNB. The beta band showed the most widely distributed changes across the scalp. our source localisation results show that breathing with the dominant nostril breathing increases EEG power in the left inferior frontal (alpha band) and left parietal lobule (beta band), whereas non-dominant nostril breathing is related to more diffuse and bilateral effects in posterior areas of the brain.These preliminary findings may stimulate further research in the area, with potential applications to tailored treatment of brain disorders associated with disruption of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan Niazi
- BioDesign Lab, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
- New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | - Jim Bartley
- BioDesign Lab, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Shepherd
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mangor Pedersen
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Georgina Burns
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise Taylor
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David E White
- BioDesign Lab, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Provencher B, Northon S, Piché M. Segmental Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Does not Reduce Pain Amplification and the Associated Pain-Related Brain Activity in a Capsaicin-Heat Pain Model. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:733727. [PMID: 35295444 PMCID: PMC8915690 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.733727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries lead to sensitization of nociceptors and primary hyperalgesia (hypersensitivity to painful stimuli). This occurs with back injuries, which are associated with acute pain and increased pain sensitivity at the site of injury. In some cases, back pain persists and leads to central sensitization and chronic pain. Thus, reducing primary hyperalgesia to prevent central sensitization may limit the transition from acute to chronic back pain. It has been shown that spinal manipulation (SM) reduces experimental and clinical pain, but the effect of SM on primary hyperalgesia and hypersensitivity to painful stimuli remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of SM on pain hypersensitivity using a capsaicin-heat pain model. Laser stimulation was used to evoke heat pain and the associated brain activity, which were measured to assess their modulation by SM. Eighty healthy participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups: inert cream and no intervention; capsaicin cream and no intervention; capsaicin cream and SM at T7; capsaicin cream and placebo. Inert or capsaicin cream (1%) was applied to the T9 area. SM or placebo were performed 25 min after cream application. A series of laser stimuli were delivered on the area of cream application (1) before cream application, (2) after cream application but before SM or placebo, and (3) after SM or placebo. Capsaicin cream induced a significant increase in laser pain (p < 0.001) and laser-evoked potential amplitude (p < 0.001). However, SM did not decrease the amplification of laser pain or laser-evoked potentials by capsaicin. These results indicate that segmental SM does not reduce pain hypersensitivity and the associated pain-related brain activity in a capsaicin-heat pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Provencher
- Pain Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Northon
- Pain Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Pain Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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14
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Gevers-Montoro C, Provencher B, Northon S, Stedile-Lovatel JP, Ortega de Mues A, Piché M. Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation Prevents Secondary Hyperalgesia Induced by Topical Capsaicin in Healthy Individuals. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:702429. [PMID: 35295504 PMCID: PMC8915757 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.702429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Spinal manipulation (SM) is currently recommended for the management of back pain. Experimental studies indicate that the hypoalgesic mechanisms of SM may rely on inhibition of segmental processes related to temporal summation of pain and, possibly, on central sensitization, although this remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether experimental back pain, secondary hyperalgesia, and pain-related brain activity induced by capsaicin are decreased by segmental SM. Methods: Seventy-three healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups: SM at T5 vertebral level (segmental), SM at T9 vertebral level (heterosegmental), placebo intervention at T5 vertebral level, or no intervention. Topical capsaicin was applied to the area of T5 vertebra for 40 min. After 20 min, the interventions were administered. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed outside the area of capsaicin application at 0 and 40 min to examine secondary hyperalgesia. Capsaicin pain intensity and unpleasantness were reported every 4 min. Frontal high-gamma oscillations were also measured with electroencephalography. Results: Pain ratings and brain activity were not significantly different between groups over time (p > 0.5). However, PPTs were significantly decreased in the placebo and control groups (p < 0.01), indicative of secondary hyperalgesia, while no hyperalgesia was observed for groups receiving SM (p = 1.0). This effect was independent of expectations and greater than placebo for segmental (p < 0.01) but not heterosegmental SM (p = 1.0). Conclusions: These results indicate that segmental SM can prevent secondary hyperalgesia, independently of expectations. This has implications for the management of back pain, particularly when central sensitization is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gevers-Montoro
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Madrid College of Chiropractic, RCU Maria Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Provencher
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Northon
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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15
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Provencher B, Northon S, Gevers Montoro C, O'Shaughnessy J, Piché M. Effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation on laser-evoked pain and brain activity. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:20. [PMID: 34167458 PMCID: PMC10717656 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying hypoalgesia induced by spinal manipulation (SM). Eighty-two healthy volunteers were assigned to one of the four intervention groups: no intervention, SM at T4 (homosegmental to pain), SM at T8 (heterosegmental to pain) or light mechanical stimulus at T4 (placebo). Eighty laser stimuli were applied on back skin at T4 to evoke pain and brain activity related to Aδ- and C-fibers activation. The intervention was performed after 40 stimuli. Laser pain was decreased by SM at T4 (p = 0.028) but not T8 (p = 0.13), compared with placebo. However, brain activity related to Aδ-fibers activation was not significantly modulated (all p > 0.05), while C-fiber activity could not be measured reliably. This indicates that SM produces segmental hypoalgesia through inhibition of nociceptive processes that are independent of Aδ fibers. It remains to be clarified whether the effect is mediated by the inhibition of C-fiber activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Provencher
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Northon
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Carlos Gevers Montoro
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
- Madrid College of Chiropractic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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16
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Wu J, Zhou Q, Li J, Chen Y, Shao S, Xiao Y. Decreased resting-state alpha-band activation and functional connectivity after sleep deprivation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:484. [PMID: 33436726 PMCID: PMC7804319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are impaired by sleep deprivation and can be recovered when sufficient sleep is obtained. Changes in alpha-band oscillations are considered to be closely related to sleep deprivation. In this study, power spectrum, source localization and functional connectivity analyses were used to investigate the changes in resting-state alpha-band activity after normal sleep, sleep deprivation and recovery sleep. The results showed that the global alpha power spectrum decreased and source activation was notably reduced in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, cingulate gyrus, and paracentral lobule after sleep deprivation. Functional connectivity analysis after sleep deprivation showed a weakened functional connectivity pattern in a widespread network with the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex as the key nodes. Furthermore, the changes caused by sleep deprivation were reversed to a certain extent but not significantly after one night of sleep recovery, which may be due to inadequate time for recovery sleep. In conclusion, large-scale resting-state alpha-band activation and functional connectivity were weakened after sleep deprivation, and the inhibition of default mode network function with the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex as the pivotal nodes may be an important cause of cognitive impairment. These findings provide new insight into the physiological response to sleep deprivation and determine how sleep deprivation disrupts brain alpha-band oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China ,grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Qianxiang Zhou
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yang Chen
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shuyu Shao
- grid.443259.d0000 0004 0632 4890School of Logistics, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing, 101149 China
| | - Yi Xiao
- grid.418516.f0000 0004 1791 7464National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094 China
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17
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Völker JM, Arguissain FG, Manresa JB, Andersen OK. Characterization of Source-Localized EEG Activity During Sustained Deep-Tissue Pain. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:192-206. [PMID: 33403561 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain is a clinical condition that is characterized by ongoing pain and discomfort in the deep tissues such as muscle, bones, ligaments, nerves, and tendons. In the last decades, it was subject to extensive research due to its high prevalence. Still, a quantitative description of the electrical brain activity during musculoskeletal pain is lacking. This study aimed to characterize intracranial current source density (CSD) estimations during sustained deep-tissue experimental pain. Twenty-three healthy volunteers received three types of tonic stimuli for three minutes each: computer-controlled cuff pressure (1) below pain threshold (sustained deep-tissue no-pain, SDTnP), (2) above pain threshold (sustained deep-tissue pain, SDTP) and (3) vibrotactile stimulation (VT). The CSD in response to these stimuli was calculated in seven regions of interest (ROIs) likely involved in pain processing: contralateral anterior cingulate cortex, contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, bilateral anterior insula, contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex and contralateral premotor cortex. Results showed that participants exhibited an overall increase in spectral power during SDTP in all seven ROIs compared to both SDTnP and VT, likely reflecting the differences in the salience of these stimuli. Moreover, we observed a difference is CSD due to the type of stimulus, likely reflecting somatosensory discrimination of stimulus intensity. These results describe the different contributions of neural oscillations within these brain regions in the processing of sustained deep-tissue pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Völker
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Integrative Neuroscience Group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Federico Gabriel Arguissain
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Integrative Neuroscience Group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - José Biurrun Manresa
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Integrative Neuroscience Group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Institute for Research and Development in Bioengineering and Bioinformatics (IBB), CONICET-UNER, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Ole Kæseler Andersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Integrative Neuroscience Group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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18
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Niazi IK, Kamavuako EN, Holt K, Janjua TAM, Kumari N, Amjad I, Haavik H. The Effect of Spinal Manipulation on the Electrophysiological and Metabolic Properties of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040548. [PMID: 33321904 PMCID: PMC7764559 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence showing that spinal manipulation increases muscle strength in healthy individuals as well as in people with some musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanism by which spinal manipulation changes muscle strength is less clear. This study aimed to assess the effects of a single spinal manipulation session on the electrophysiological and metabolic properties of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) of the ankle dorsiflexors, high-density electromyography (HDsEMG), intramuscular EMG, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were recorded from the TA muscle in 25 participants with low level recurring spinal dysfunction using a randomized controlled crossover design. The following outcomes: motor unit discharge rate (MUDR), strength (force at MVC), muscle conduction velocity (CV), relative changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin were assessed pre and post a spinal manipulation intervention and passive movement control. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess within and between-group differences. Following the spinal manipulation intervention, there was a significant increase in MVC (p = 0.02; avg 18.87 ± 28.35%) and a significant increase in CV in both the isometric steady-state (10% of MVC) contractions (p < 0.01; avg 22.11 ± 11.69%) and during the isometric ramp (10% of MVC) contractions (p < 0.01; avg 4.52 ± 4.58%) compared to the control intervention. There were no other significant findings. The observed TA strength and CV increase, without changes in MUDR, suggests that the strength changes observed following spinal manipulation are, in part, due to increased recruitment of larger, higher threshold motor units. Further research needs to investigate the longer term and potential functional effects of spinal manipulation in various patients who may benefit from improved muscle function and greater motor unit recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (N.K.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (I.K.N.); (H.H.)
| | - Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako
- Department of Informatics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kindu, Kindu, Congo
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (N.K.); (I.A.)
| | | | - Nitika Kumari
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (N.K.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (N.K.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (N.K.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.N.); (H.H.)
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Steven Waterstone T, Niazi IK, Navid MS, Amjad I, Shafique M, Holt K, Haavik H, Samani A. Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E644. [PMID: 32957711 PMCID: PMC7564276 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke impairments often present as cognitive and motor deficits, leading to a decline in quality of life. Recovery strategy and mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity, are important factors, as these can help improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The present study investigated chiropractic spinal manipulation (SM) and its effects on resting-state functional connectivity in 24 subacute to chronic stroke patients monitored by electroencephalography (EEG). Functional connectivity of both linear and non-linear coupling was estimated by coherence and phase lag index (PLI), respectively. Non-parametric cluster-based permutation tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the changes in functional connectivity following SM. Results showed a significant increase in functional connectivity from the PLI metric in the alpha band within the default mode network (DMN). The functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal regions increased following SM, t (23) = 10.45, p = 0.005. No significant changes occurred following the sham control procedure. These findings suggest that SM may alter functional connectivity in the brain of stroke patients and highlights the potential of EEG for monitoring neuroplastic changes following SM. Furthermore, the altered connectivity was observed between areas which may be affected by factors such as decreased pain perception, episodic memory, navigation, and space representation in the brain. However, these factors were not directly monitored in this study. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Samran Navid
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Sciences & Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafique
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Sciences & Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand
| | - Afshin Samani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Navid MS, Niazi IK, Lelic D, Nedergaard RB, Holt K, Amjad I, Drewes AM, Haavik H. Investigating the Effects of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation on EEG in Stroke Patients. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050253. [PMID: 32349288 PMCID: PMC7288271 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of chiropractic spinal manipulation on the early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from chronic stroke patients. Methods: Seventeen male patients (53 ± 12 years old) participated in this randomized cross-over study. The patients received chiropractic spinal manipulation and control intervention, in random order, separated by at least 24 hours. EEG was recorded before and after each intervention during rest and stimulation of the non-paretic median nerve. For resting-state EEG, the delta-alpha ratio, brain-symmetry index, and power-spectra were calculated. For SEPs, the amplitudes and latencies of N20 and N30 peaks were assessed. Source localization was performed on the power-spectra of resting-state EEG and the N30 SEP peak. Results: Following spinal manipulation, the N30 amplitude increased by 39%, which was a significant increase compared to the control intervention (p < 0.01). The latency and changes to the strength of the cortical sources underlying the N30 peak were not significant. The N20 peak, the resting-state power-spectra, delta-alpha ratio, brain-symmetry index, and resting-state source localization showed no significant changes after either intervention. Conclusion: A single session of chiropractic spinal manipulation increased the amplitude of the N30 SEP peak in a group of chronic stroke patients, which may reflect changes to early sensorimotor function. More research is required to investigate the long-term effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation, to better understand what impact it may have on the neurological function of stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Samran Navid
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
- Centre for Sensory-Motor Interactions, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-3939-875
| | - Dina Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Rasmus Bach Nedergaard
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Kelly Holt
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Imran Amjad
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.S.N.); (D.L.); (R.B.N.); (A.M.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Heidi Haavik
- Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New Zealand; (K.H.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
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