1
|
Bouanane I, Bedu F, Ozerov I, Sciacca B, Santinacci L, Duché D, Berginc G, Escoubas L, Margeat O, Le Rouzo J. Design of infrared optical absorber using silver nanorings array made by a top-down process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7770. [PMID: 37173376 PMCID: PMC10182000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the numerical simulation and fabrication of a metasurface composed of silver nanorings with a split-ring gap. These nanostructures can exhibit optically-induced magnetic responses with unique possibilities to control absorption at optical frequencies. The absorption coefficient of the silver nanoring was optimized by performing a parametric study with Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations. The absorption and scattering cross sections of the nanostructures are numerically calculated to assess the impact of the inner and outer radii, the thickness and the split-ring gap of one nanoring, as well as the periodicity factor for a group of four nanorings. This showed full control on resonance peaks and absorption enhancement in the near infrared spectral range. The experimental fabrication of this metasurface made of an array of silver nanorings is achieved by e-beam lithography and metallization. Optical characterizations are then carried out and compared to the numerical simulations. In contrast to usual microwave split-ring resonator metasurfaces reported in literature, the present study shows both the realization by a top-down process and modelling performed in the infrared frequency range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Bouanane
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France.
- Thales LAS France SAS, Élancourt, France.
| | - F Bedu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTECH, Marseille, France
| | - I Ozerov
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTECH, Marseille, France
| | - B Sciacca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTECH, Marseille, France
| | - L Santinacci
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTECH, Marseille, France
| | - D Duché
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - G Berginc
- Thales LAS France SAS, Élancourt, France
| | - L Escoubas
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - O Margeat
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, AMUTECH, Marseille, France
| | - J Le Rouzo
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zahertar S, Torun H, Sun C, Markwell C, Dong Y, Yang X, Fu Y. Flexible Platform of Acoustofluidics and Metamaterials with Decoupled Resonant Frequencies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4344. [PMID: 35746129 PMCID: PMC9228408 DOI: 10.3390/s22124344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The key challenge for a lab-on-chip (LOC) device is the seamless integration of key elements of biosensing and actuation (e.g., biosampling or microfluidics), which are conventionally realised using different technologies. In this paper, we report a convenient and efficient LOC platform fabricated using an electrode patterned flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) pressed onto a piezoelectric film coated substrate, which can implement multiple functions of both acoustofluidics using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and sensing functions using electromagnetic metamaterials, based on the same electrode on the FPCB. We explored the actuation capability of the integrated structure by pumping a sessile droplet using SAWs in the radio frequency range. We then investigated the hybrid sensing capability (including both physical and chemical ones) of the structure employing the concept of electromagnetic split-ring resonators (SRRs) in the microwave frequency range. The originality of this sensing work is based on the premise that the proposed structure contains three completely decoupled resonant frequencies for sensing applications and each resonance has been used as a separate physical or a chemical sensor. This feature compliments the acoustofluidic capability and is well-aligned with the goals set for a successful LOC device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Zahertar
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
- Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Christopher Markwell
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Yinhua Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, China;
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (S.Z.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang BX, Xu W, Wu Y, Yang Z, Lai S, Lu L. Realization of a multi-band terahertz metamaterial absorber using two identical split rings having opposite opening directions connected by a rectangular patch. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1359-1367. [PMID: 36133689 PMCID: PMC9418374 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A multi-band metamaterial absorber in the terahertz regime using a periodically arranged surface structure placed on an ultra-thin insulating dielectric slab backed by a metallic ground plane is demonstrated in this paper. Its surface structure consists of two identical split rings having opposite opening directions connected by a rectangular patch. The surface structure can have a strong electromagnetic interaction with incident terahertz waves, thereby generating two localized resonance absorption peaks with different frequencies, and the superposition effect of these two absorption peaks gives rise to dual-band absorption. With the aid of the near-field distributions of the two absorption peaks, the physical mechanism of the dual-band absorption is revealed. The dimension changes of the surface structure, including the split rings and the rectangular patch, play a key role in controlling and adjusting the resonance performance of dual-band absorption. Further optimization of the surface structure without increasing the number of sub-resonators provides the ability to increase the number of absorption peaks, which is different from prior multi-band absorption devices that typically require more sub-resonators in their surface structures. Multi-band metamaterial absorbers designed in this paper should have great application prospects in the field of terahertz absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Xin Wang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yangkuan Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhuchuang Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Shengxiong Lai
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Liming Lu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mai Z, Yuan Y, Tai JB, Senyuk B, Liu B, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou G, Smalyukh II. Nematic Order, Plasmonic Switching and Self-Patterning of Colloidal Gold Bipyramids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102854. [PMID: 34541830 PMCID: PMC8596134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dispersing inorganic colloidal nanoparticles within nematic liquid crystals provides a versatile platform both for forming new soft matter phases and for predefining physical behavior through mesoscale molecular-colloidal self-organization. However, owing to formation of particle-induced singular defects and complex elasticity-mediated interactions, this approach has been implemented mainly just for colloidal nanorods and nanoplatelets, limiting its potential technological utility. Here, orientationally ordered nematic colloidal dispersions are reported of pentagonal gold bipyramids that exhibit narrow but controlled polarization-dependent surface plasmon resonance spectra and facile electric switching. Bipyramids tend to orient with their C5 rotation symmetry axes along the nematic director, exhibiting spatially homogeneous density within aligned samples. Topological solitons, like heliknotons, allow for spatial reorganization of these nanoparticles according to elastic free energy density within their micrometer-scale structures. With the nanoparticle orientations slaved to the nematic director and being switched by low voltages ≈1 V within a fraction of a second, these plasmonic composite materials are of interest for technological uses like color filters and plasmonic polarizers, as well as may lead to the development of unusual nematic phases, like pentatic liquid crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologyNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsInstitute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research CenterUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research CenterUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Jung‐Shen B. Tai
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research CenterUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Bohdan Senyuk
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research CenterUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologyNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsInstitute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologyNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsInstitute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologyNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsInstitute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and TechnologyNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsInstitute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research CenterUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
- Materials Science and Engineering ProgramDepartment of Electrical, Computer and Energy EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy InstituteNational Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Senyuk B, Mundoor H, Smalyukh II, Wensink HH. Nematoelasticity of hybrid molecular-colloidal liquid crystals. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014703. [PMID: 34412251 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal rods immersed in a thermotropic liquid-crystalline solvent are at the basis of so-called hybrid liquid crystals, which are characterized by tunable nematic fluidity with symmetries ranging from conventional uniaxial nematic or antinematic to orthorhombic [Mundoor et al., Science 360, 768 (2018)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.aap9359]. We provide a theoretical analysis of the elastic moduli of such systems by considering interactions between the individual rods with the embedding solvent through surface-anchoring forces, as well as steric and electrostatic interactions between the rods themselves. For uniaxial systems, the presence of colloidal rods generates a marked increase of the splay elasticity, which we found to be in quantitative agreement with experimental measurements. For orthorhombic hybrid liquid crystals, we provide estimates of all 12 elastic moduli and show that only a small subset of those elastic constants play a relevant role in describing the nematoelastic properties. The complexity and possibilities related to identifying the elastic moduli in experiments are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Senyuk
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H Mundoor
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - I I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.,Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.,Chemical Physics Program, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H H Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay & CNRS, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kowerdziej R, Wróbel J, Kula P. Ultrafast electrical switching of nanostructured metadevice with dual-frequency liquid crystal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20367. [PMID: 31889047 PMCID: PMC6937344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening of switching times of various soft-matter-based tunable metamaterials is one of the key challenges to improve the functionality of modern active devices. Here we show an effective strategy in the evolution of soft-matter-based tunable metamaterials that makes possible acceleration of both on and off switching processes by using a dual-frequency liquid crystal mixture. The frequency-convertible dielectric anisotropy of the dual-frequency mixture enabled us to create a fast-response in-plane switching metasurface at the nanoscale, which could be tuned by an electrical signal with different frequencies. The results clearly show that the resonance of the metamaterial can be continuously and reversibly controlled within a wavelength range of 100 nm as the applied frequency is inverted between 1 kHz and 40 kHz, with a total response time (τ = τON + τOFF) of 1.89 ms. Furthermore, experimental characteristics of the hybrid metamaterial are in great agreement with numerical calculations, which allow us to anticipate active epsilon-near-zero behavior of the metadevice. This work indicates the future development direction of liquid-crystal-based active plasmonic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kowerdziej
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Wróbel
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32/46 Lotników Avenue, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aplinc J, Pusovnik A, Ravnik M. Designed self-assembly of metamaterial split-ring colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5585-5595. [PMID: 31268460 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00842j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of orientationally and positionally ordered colloidal clusters is of interest to several fields from materials science to photonics. An interesting possibility to obtain such colloidal crystalline structures is by the self-assembly of colloidal particles in a liquid crystal matrix. This work demonstrates the self-assembly in a nematic liquid crystal of a specific type of colloidal particle, split ring resonators (SRRs), which are well known in the field of photonic metamaterials and chosen for their ability to obtain resonances in response to a magnetic field. Using free energy minimisation calculations, we specifically optimise geometrical parameters of the SRR particles to reduce and prevent formation of irregular metastable colloidal states, which in more general view corresponds to concepts of pre-designed self-assembly. Using the pre-designed particles, we then show self-assembly into two- and three-dimensional nematic colloidal crystals of split-ring particles. Our work is a contribution to the development of designed large-scale colloidal crystals, the properties of which could be finely tuned with external parameters, and are of high interest for photonic applications, specifically as tunable metamaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jure Aplinc
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anja Pusovnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miha Ravnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia. and JoŽef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|