1
|
Sun Y, Li B, Zhou X, Rao T, Cheng F. The identification of key molecules and pathways in the crosstalk of calcium oxalate-treated TCMK-1 cells and macrophage via exosomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20949. [PMID: 39251681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between crystals and epithelial cells forms the cornerstone of kidney stone development, communication between epithelial cells and macrophages emerging as a pivotal role in this process. We conducted next-generation sequencing on the secreted exosomes of TCMK-1 cells treated with calcium oxalate monohydrate (OX_EXO) or controls (NC_EXO), and on the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 stimulated with OX_EXO or NC_EXO, followed by validation of differentially expressed target proteins and miRNAs through Western blot and PCR. UPSET plots were employed to identify genes co-targeted by exosomal miRNAs. Various bioinformatic analyses were employed to predict potential mechanisms of the dysregulated genes. We integrated sequencing data from the GEO database, and validated findings using clinical patient urine and kidney tissues. We identified 665 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs between OX_EXO and NC_EXO. Among the top 10 down-regulated miRNAs, the most targeted genes were AAK1 and NUFIP2, whereas PLCB1 was significantly targeted among the top 10 up-regulated miRNAs. In clinical specimens, we confirmed the differential expressions of five homologous miRNAs, as well as CNOT3, CNCNA1C, APEX1, and TMEM199. In conclusion, treatment of TCMK-1 cells with calcium oxalate significantly alerted the expression profile of exosomal miRNAs, subsequently influencing gene expression in macrophages, thereby modulating the processes of kidney stone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Sun
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bojun Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakuma H, Maruyama K, Aonuma T, Kobayashi Y, Hayasaka T, Kano K, Kawaguchi S, Nakajima KI, Kawabe JI, Hasebe N, Nakagawa N. Inducible deletion of microRNA activity in kidney mesenchymal cells exacerbates renal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10963. [PMID: 38745066 PMCID: PMC11094108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are sequence-specific inhibitors of post-transcriptional gene expression. However, the physiological functions of these non-coding RNAs in renal interstitial mesenchymal cells remain unclear. To conclusively evaluate the role of miRNAs, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β)-specific inactivation of the key miRNA pathway gene Dicer. The cKO mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral ligation, and renal interstitial fibrosis was quantitatively evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. Compared with control mice, cKO mice had exacerbated interstitial fibrosis exhibited by immunofluorescence staining and mRNA expression of PDGFR-β. A microarray analysis showed decreased expressions of miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p in cKO mice compared with those in control mice, suggesting an association with the increased expression of PDGFR-β. An analysis of the signaling pathways showed that the major transcriptional changes in cKO mice were related to smooth muscle cell differentiation, regulation of DNA metabolic processes and the actin cytoskeleton, positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation and Ras protein signal transduction, and focal adhesion-PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Depletion of Dicer in mesenchymal cells may downregulate the signaling pathway related to miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p, which can lead to the progression of chronic kidney disease. These findings highlight the possibility for future diagnostic or therapeutic developments for renal fibrosis using miR-9-5p, miR-344g-3p, and miR-7074-3p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sakuma
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aonuma
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuya Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Nakajima
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rostami M, Yalin SF, Altiparmak MR, Guven M. Investigation of APE1 and OGG1 expression in chronic hemodialysis patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:144. [PMID: 38236479 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of DNA repair mechanisms is of significant importance in diseases characterized by elevated oxidative DNA damage, such as chronic kidney disease. It is imperative to thoroughly understand the functions of molecules associated with DNA repair mechanisms, not only for assessing susceptibility to diseases but also for monitoring disease progression. In this research, we investigated the APE1 and OGG1 gene expression levels, both of which are involved in the base excision repair (BER) mechanism in chronic hemodialysis patients with malignancy (HPM; n = 8) and without malignancy (HP; n = 36) in pre- and post-dialysis period and 37 healty persons. We also assessed how these values correlate with the clinical profiles of the patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted gene expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). No significant differences in APE1 gene expression levels were observed in pre-dialysis when comparing the HP and HPM groups to the control group. The expression levels of the OGG1 gene were significantly lower in both the HP and HPM groups in pre- and post-dialysis periods compared to the control group. Dialysis procedures led to a reduction in APE1 and OGG1 gene expression levels in both HP and HPM groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study elucidate the impact of alterations in the base excision repair (BER) mechanism, including the hemodialysis process, in end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Rostami
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Serkan Feyyaz Yalin
- Department of Nephrology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Riza Altiparmak
- Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Guven
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan J, Liu M, Li X, Gao S, Wang Y, Li A, Chen L, Zhou D, Chen H, Xu Z, Wu Z, Wu K. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates palmitic acid-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 650:123-131. [PMID: 36791545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by fat metabolism disorder plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has multiple functions, including regulating redox and DNA repair. However, the role of APE1 in the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear. To investigate the mechanism of APE1 on high-fat induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells, we treated H9C2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) as an apoptosis model caused by hyperlipidemia. We found that PA reduced the viability and increased apoptosis of H9C2 cells by inducing up-regulation of APE1 protein and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. APE1 knockdown enhanced PA-induced apoptosis, and ER stress and overexpression of APE1 demonstrated the opposite effect. Furthermore, APE1 regulated PA-induced apoptosis via ER stress. The APE1 mutant (C65A, lack of redox regulation) loses its protective effect against ER stress and apoptosis. These findings indicate that APE1 protects PA-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis through ER stress via its redox-regulated function. This study provided new insights into the therapy for DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Fan
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Manqi Liu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - ShengLan Gao
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Dengshuang Zhou
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Hongqiao Chen
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
| | - Zijun Wu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
| | - Keng Wu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oliveira TT, Coutinho LG, de Oliveira LOA, Timoteo ARDS, Farias GC, Agnez-Lima LF. APE1/Ref-1 Role in Inflammation and Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793096. [PMID: 35296074 PMCID: PMC8918667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional enzyme that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. APE1 is the major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease in the base excision repair pathway and acts as a redox-dependent regulator of several transcription factors, including NF-κB, AP-1, HIF-1α, and STAT3. These functions render APE1 vital to regulating cell signaling, senescence, and inflammatory pathways. In addition to regulating cytokine and chemokine expression through activation of redox sensitive transcription factors, APE1 participates in other critical processes in the immune response, including production of reactive oxygen species and class switch recombination. Furthermore, through participation in active chromatin demethylation, the repair function of APE1 also regulates transcription of some genes, including cytokines such as TNFα. The multiple functions of APE1 make it an essential regulator of the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Therefore, APE1 inhibitors have therapeutic potential. APE1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participates in tissue homeostasis, and its roles in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases have been elucidated. This review discusses known roles of APE1 in innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the CNS, recent evidence of a role in the extracellular environment, and the therapeutic potential of APE1 inhibitors in infectious/immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Cavalcanti Farias
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu L, Pei F, Sun Q, Shen F, Yang X, Hu Z, Liu M. Uromodulin aggravates renal tubulointerstitial injury through activation of the complement pathway in rats. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5012-5021. [PMID: 33400289 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uromodulin (Umod) is the most abundant constituent of urine in humans and exclusively found in the kidney tubular epithelium. However, the specific role of Umod in renal tubulointerstitial injury is yet to be understood. The present study was conducted with aim of investigating the potential therapeutic mechanism of Umod in the regulation of renal tubulointerstitial injury. Protein expression of Umod in renal tubular epithelial cells was measured with the conduction of Western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay were performed to detect the complement activation products and the activation products of surface deposition. The expression of C1q, C2, C4, B factor, C3, C5, H factor, CD46, CD55, C3aR, and C5aR were determined with the use of reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Subsequently, the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model was established. Renal tubulointerstitial injury was assessed with the application of hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining in rats. UUO rats and normal rats were injected with si-NC or si-Umod and complement inhibitor. UUO rats were observed to have serious impairment of kidney tubule, renal tubular dilation, and epithelial atrophy, with downregulated Umod and activated complement pathway. Silencing of Umod resulted in the activation of complement system while promoting interstitial fibrosis in renal tubules. Moreover, addition of complement inhibitor significantly alleviated the renal tubule injury and fibrosis. Collectively, our study suggests that silencing of Umod mediates the complement pathway, exacerbating renal tubulointerstitial injury in rats, which provides insight into the development of novel therapeutic agents for renal tubulointerstitial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Maojing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Dual Face of APE1 in the Maintenance of Genetic Stability in Monocytes: An Overview of the Current Status and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060643. [PMID: 32545201 PMCID: PMC7349382 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, which play a crucial role in the immune system, are characterized by an enormous sensitivity to oxidative stress. As they lack four key proteins responsible for DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, they are especially prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure leading to oxidative DNA lesions and, consequently, ROS-driven apoptosis. Although such a phenomenon is of important biological significance in the regulation of monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cells’ balance, it also a challenge for monocytic mechanisms that have to provide and maintain genetic stability of its own DNA. Interestingly, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), which is one of the key proteins in two DDR mechanisms, base excision repair (BER) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, operates in monocytic cells, although both BER and NHEJ are impaired in these cells. Thus, on the one hand, APE1 endonucleolytic activity leads to enhanced levels of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks (SSDs and DSBs, respectively) in monocytic DNA that remain unrepaired because of the impaired BER and NHEJ. On the other hand, there is some experimental evidence suggesting that APE1 is a crucial player in monocytic genome maintenance and stability through different molecular mechanisms, including induction of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. Here, the dual face of APE1 is discussed.
Collapse
|