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Castellane TCL, Fernandes CC, Pinheiro DG, Lemos MVF, Varani AM. Exploratory comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals potential gene targets associated with Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 resistance in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:129. [PMID: 39039331 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops, expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins, have substantially transformed agriculture. Despite rapid adoption, their environmental and economic benefits face scrutiny due to unsustainable agricultural practices and the emergence of resistant pests like Spodoptera frugiperda, known as the fall armyworm (FAW). FAW's adaptation to Bt technology in corn and cotton compromises the long-term efficacy of Bt crops. To advance the understanding of the genetic foundations of resistance mechanisms, we conducted an exploratory comparative transcriptomic analysis of two divergent FAW populations. One population exhibited practical resistance to the Bt insecticidal proteins Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2, expressed in the genetically engineered MON-89Ø34 - 3 maize, while the other population remained susceptible to these proteins. Differential expression analysis supported that Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 significantly affect the FAW physiology. A total of 247 and 254 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Cry-resistant and susceptible populations, respectively. By integrating our findings with established literature and databases, we underscored 53 gene targets potentially involved in FAW's resistance to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. In particular, we considered and discussed the potential roles of the differentially expressed genes encoding ABC transporters, G protein-coupled receptors, the P450 enzymatic system, and other Bt-related detoxification genes. Based on these findings, we emphasize the importance of exploratory transcriptomic analyses to uncover potential gene targets involved with Bt insecticidal proteins resistance, and to support the advantages of GM crops in the face of emerging challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina L Castellane
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brasil.
| | - Camila C Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia, Laboratório Multiusuário de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala e Expressão Gênica, IPBEN, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel Victor Franco Lemos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia, Laboratório Multiusuário de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala e Expressão Gênica, IPBEN, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Alessandro M Varani
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Agropecuária e Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5, Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brasil.
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Wang H, Zhang C, Chen G, Li Y, Yang X, Han L, Peng Y. Downregulation of the CsABCC2 gene is associated with Cry1C resistance in the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105119. [PMID: 35715058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis is a major target pest of transgenic rice expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1C toxin in China. The evolution of resistance of this pest is a major threat to Bt rice. Since Bt functions by binding to receptors in the midgut (MG) of target insects, identification of Bt functional receptors in C. suppressalis is crucial for evaluating potential resistance mechanisms and developing effective management strategies. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been vastly reported to interact with Cry1A toxins, as receptors and their mutations cause insect Bt resistance. However, the role of ABC transporters in Cry1C resistance to C. suppressalis remains unknown. Here, we measured CsABCC2 expression in C. suppressalis Cry1C-resistant (Cry1C-R) and Cry1C-susceptible strains (selected in the laboratory) via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); the transcript level of CsABCC2 in the Cry1C-R strain was significantly lower than that in the Cry1C-susceptible strain. Furthermore, silencing CsABCC2 in C. suppressalis via RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased Cry1C susceptibility. Overall, CsABCC2 participates in Cry1C mode of action, and reduced expression of CsABCC2 is functionally associated with Cry1C resistance in C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Lanzhi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Chen G, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen F, Han L. Differences in midgut transcriptomes between resistant and susceptible strains of Chilo suppressalis to Cry1C toxin. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:634. [PMID: 32928099 PMCID: PMC7490912 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chilo suppressalis is a widespread rice pest that poses a major threat to food security in China. This pest can develop resistance to Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), threatening the sustainable use of insect-resistant transgenic Bt rice. However, the molecular basis for the resistance mechanisms of C. suppressalis to Cry1C toxin remains unknown. This study aimed to identify genes associated with the mechanism of Cry1C resistance in C. suppressalis by comparing the midgut transcriptomic responses of resistant and susceptible C. suppressalis strains to Cry1C toxin and to provide information for insect resistance management. Results A C. suppressalis midgut transcriptome of 139,206 unigenes was de novo assembled from 373 million Illumina HiSeq and Roche 454 clean reads. Comparative analysis identified 5328 significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) between C. suppressalis Cry1C-resistant and -susceptible strains. DEGs encoding Bt Cry toxin receptors, aminopeptidase-P like protein, the ABC subfamily and alkaline phosphatase were downregulated, suggesting an association with C. suppressalis Cry1C resistance. Additionally, Cry1C resistance in C. suppressalis may be related to changes in the transcription levels of enzymes involved in hydrolysis, digestive, catalytic and detoxification processes. Conclusion Our study identified genes potentially involved in Cry1C resistance in C. suppressalis by comparative transcriptome analysis. The assembled and annotated transcriptome data provide valuable genomic resources for further study of the molecular mechanisms of C. suppressalis resistance to Cry toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Lanzhi Han
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhou H, Hu W, Huang Q, Abouzaid M, Jin H, Sun Y, Qiu L, Zhang W, Lin Y, Ma W. Knockdown of cadherin genes decreases susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis produced Crystal toxins. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:301-308. [PMID: 31908051 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. Insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry toxins) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are widely used as biopesticides or in developing transgenic crops for pest management. In this study, we tested the involvement of two newly cloned C. suppressalis cadherins (CsCAD3 and CsCAD4) in the toxicity of Cry1Ab/Ac, Cry2Aa and Cry1Ca. Our results showed that CsCAD4 was expressed highest in the midgut, whereas CsCAD3 was expressed highest in the epidermis. The feeding of double-stranded RNA specific to CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 respectively significantly suppressed the expressions of target gene. The knockdown of CsCAD3 significantly reduced the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ab/Ac, whereas knockdown of CsCAD4 significantly decreased the larval susceptibility to Cry2Aa. In contrast, reduced expressions of CsCAD3 or CsCAD4 were not interacted with larval susceptibility to Cry1Ca. Our results suggest that CsCAD3 and CsCAD4 function in Cry toxin toxicity and these findings will help us to better understand the action mechanism of Cry toxins in C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - H Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - W Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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