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Godugu K, Hay BA, Glinsky GV, Mousa SA. Discovery of novel thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist fb-PMT (NP751) in the management of human glioblastoma multiforme. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdac180. [PMID: 36879662 PMCID: PMC9985163 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyrointegrin αvβ3 receptors are unique molecular cancer therapeutic targets because of their overexpression on cancer and rapidly dividing blood vessel cells compared and quiescent on normal cells. A macromolecule, TriAzole Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TAT) conjugated to polyethylene glycol with a lipophilic 4-fluorobenyl group (fb-PMT and NP751), interacts with high affinity (0.21 nM) and specificity with the thyrointegrin αvβ3 receptors on the cell surface without nuclear translocation in contrast to the non-polymer conjugated TAT. Methods The following in vitro assays were carried out to evaluate NP751 including binding affinity to different integrins, transthyretin (TTR)-binding affinity, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell adhesion, proliferation assays, nuclear translocations, chorioallantoic membrane model of angiogenesis, and microarray for molecular mechanisms. Additionally, in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of NP751, its biodistribution, and brain GBM tumor versus plasma levels kinetics. Results NP751 demonstrated a broad spectrum of antiangiogenesis and anticancer efficacy in experimental models of angiogenesis and xenografts of human GBM cells. Tumor growth and cancer cells' viability were markedly decreased (by > 90%; P < .001) in fb-PMT-treated U87-luc or 3 different primary human GBM xenograft-bearing mice based on tumor in vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging and histopathological examination, without relapse upon treatment discontinuation. Additionally, it effectively transports across the blood-brain barrier via its high-affinity binding to plasma TTR with high retention in brain tumors. NP751-induced effects on gene expression support the model of molecular interference at multiple key pathways essential for GBM tumor progression and vascularization. Conclusions fb-PMT is a potent thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist with potential impact on GBM tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Godugu
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer & NanoPharmaceuticals LLC, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Bruce A Hay
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer & NanoPharmaceuticals LLC, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Gennadi V Glinsky
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer & NanoPharmaceuticals LLC, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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Fujioka K, Hay BA, Godugu K, Mousa SA. Pharmacokinetics of fluorobenzyl polyethylene glycol conjugated tetraiodothyroacetic acid (NP751), a novel anticancer thyrointegrin α vβ 3 antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902141. [PMID: 36518666 PMCID: PMC9742531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported on the development of fb-PMT (NP751), a conjugate of the thyroid hormone metabolite tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and monodisperse polyethylene glycol 36. It exhibited high affinity for thyrointegrin αvβ3 receptor and potent anti-angiogenic and anticancer activity in vivo. The objective of the current study is to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of fb-PMT in experimental animals, such as mice, rats, and monkeys. NP751 was quantified using a propylene diamine-modified tetraiodothyroacetic acid (DAT) as an internal standard. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for fb-PMT was 1.5 ng/μL and the recovery efficiency was 93.9% with the developed method. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC) results at different doses in mice, rats and monkeys suggest that pharmacokinetics of NP751 is dose-dependent within the dose ranges administered. Results indicate that NP751 has comparable PK parameters that provides enough exposure as a molecularly tumor targeted molecule in multiple species and is a promising anticancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and Nanopharmaceuticals, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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Emerging trends in the nanomedicine applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as novel therapies for acute and chronic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:393. [PMID: 36045375 PMCID: PMC9428876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality point-of-care is critical for timely decision of disease diagnosis and healthcare management. In this regard, biosensors have revolutionized the field of rapid testing and screening, however, are confounded by several technical challenges including material cost, half-life, stability, site-specific targeting, analytes specificity, and detection sensitivity that affect the overall diagnostic potential and therapeutic profile. Despite their advances in point-of-care testing, very few classical biosensors have proven effective and commercially viable in situations of healthcare emergency including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome these challenges functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as key players in advancing the biomedical and healthcare sector with promising applications during the ongoing healthcare crises. This critical review focus on understanding recent developments in theranostic applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Given the profound global economic and health burden, we discuss the therapeutic impact of functionalized MNPs in acute and chronic diseases like small RNA therapeutics, vascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer, as well as for COVID-19 testing. Lastly, we culminate with a futuristic perspective on the scope of this field and provide an insight into the emerging opportunities whose impact is anticipated to disrupt the healthcare industry.
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Mansur AAP, Paiva MRB, Cotta OAL, Silva LM, Carvalho IC, Capanema NSV, Carvalho SM, Costa ÉA, Martin NR, Ecco R, Santos BS, Fialho SL, Lobato ZIP, Mansur HS. Carboxymethylcellulose biofunctionalized ternary quantum dots for subcellular-targeted brain cancer nanotheranostics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:530-544. [PMID: 35513094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the most lethal forms of cancer, malignant brain tumors persist as one of the greatest challenges faced by oncologists, where nanotechnology-driven theranostics can play a critical role in developing novel polymer-based supramolecular nanoarchitectures with multifunctional and multi-modal characteristics to fight cancer. However, it is virtually a consensus that, besides the complexity of active delivering anticancer drugs by the nanocarriers to the tumor site, the current evaluation methods primarily relying on in vitro assays and in vivo animal models have been accounted for the low translational effectiveness to clinical applications. In this view, the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay has been increasingly recognized as one of the best preclinical models to study the effects of anticancer drugs on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, in this study, we designed, characterized, and developed novel hybrid nanostructures encompassing chemically functionalized carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with mitochondria-targeting pro-apoptotic peptide (KLA) and cell-penetrating moiety (cysteine, CYS) with fluorescent inorganic semiconductor (Ag-In-S, AIS) for simultaneously bioimaging and inducing glioblastoma cancer cell (U-87 MG, GBM) death. The results demonstrated that the CMC-peptide macromolecules produced supramolecular vesicle-like nanostructures with aqueous colloidal stability suitable as nanocarriers for passive and active targeting of cancer tumors. The optical properties and physicochemical features of the nanoconjugates confirmed their suitability as photoluminescent nanoprobes for cell bioimaging and intracellular tracking. Moreover, the results in vitro demonstrated a notable killing activity towards GBM cells of cysteine-bearing CMC conjugates coupled with pro-apoptotic KLA peptides. More importantly, compared to doxorubicin (DOX), a model anticancer drug in chemotherapy that is highly toxic, these innovative nanohybrids nanoconjugates displayed higher lethality against U-87 MG cancer cells. In vivo CAM assays validated these findings where the nanohybrids demonstrated a significant reduction of GBM tumor progression (41% area) and evidenced an antiangiogenic activity. These results pave the way for developing polymer-based hybrid nanoarchitectonics applied as targeted multifunctional theranostics for simultaneous imaging and therapy against glioblastoma while possibly reducing the systemic toxicity and side-effects of conventional anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A P Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara R B Paiva
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Oliver A L Cotta
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Silva
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora C Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nádia S V Capanema
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandhra M Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica A Costa
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Martin
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Santos
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Zélia I P Lobato
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil
| | - Herman S Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Kennedy DC, Coen B, Wheatley AM, McCullagh KJA. Microvascular Experimentation in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Model for Screening Angiogenic Agents including from Gene-Modified Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:452. [PMID: 35008876 PMCID: PMC8745510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay model of angiogenesis has been highlighted as a relatively quick, low cost and effective model for the study of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. The chick CAM is a highly vascularised extraembryonic membrane which functions for gas exchange, nutrient exchange and waste removal for the growing chick embryo. It is beneficial as it can function as a treatment screening tool, which bridges the gap between cell based in vitro studies and in vivo animal experimentation. In this review, we explore the benefits and drawbacks of the CAM assay to study microcirculation, by the investigation of each distinct stage of the CAM assay procedure, including cultivation techniques, treatment applications and methods of determining an angiogenic response using this assay. We detail the angiogenic effect of treatments, including drugs, metabolites, genes and cells used in conjunction with the CAM assay, while also highlighting the testing of genetically modified cells. We also present a detailed exploration of the advantages and limitations of different CAM analysis techniques, including visual assessment, histological and molecular analysis along with vascular casting methods and live blood flow observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antony M. Wheatley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (D.C.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Karl J. A. McCullagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (D.C.K.); (B.C.)
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Ghasemali S, Farajnia S, Barzegar A, Rahmati-Yamchi M, Negahdari B, Rahbarnia L, Yousefi-Nodeh H. Rational Design of Anti-Angiogenic Peptides to Inhibit VEGF/VEGFR2 Interactions for Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:ACAMC-EPUB-118914. [PMID: 34792006 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211118104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a critical physiological process that plays a key role in tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, and invasion. In the last two decades, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway has been the area of extensive researches. VEGF executes its special effects by binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), particularly VEGFR-2. OBJECTIVE The inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction is known as an effective cancer therapy strategy. The current study pointed to design and model an anti-VEGF peptide based on VEGFR2 binding regions. METHOD The large-scale peptide mutation screening was used to achieve a potent peptide with high binding affinity to VEGF for possible application in inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction. The AntiCP and Peptide Ranker servers were used to generate the possible peptides library with anticancer activities and prediction of peptides bioactivity. Then, the interaction of VEGF and all library peptides were analyzed using Hex 8.0.0 and ClusPro tools. A number of six peptides with favorable docking scores were achieved. All of the best docking scores of peptides in complexes with VEGF were evaluated to confirm their stability, using molecular dynamics simulation (MD) with the help of the GROMACS software package. RESULTS As a result, two antiangiogenic peptides with 13 residues of PepA (NGIDFNRDFFLGL) and PepC (NGIDFNRDKFLFL) were achieved and introduced to inhibit VEGF/VEGFR2 interactions. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study provided new insights into peptide-based therapeutics development for targeting VEGF signaling pathway in tumor cells. PepA and PepC are recommended as potentially promising anticancer agents for further experimental evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Ghasemali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Hamidreza Yousefi-Nodeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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Sudha T, Rehman MU, Darwish NHE, Coskun MD, Satti JA, Davis PJ, Mousa SA. Nano-Targeting of Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Receptor in Solid Tumors and Impact on Radiosensitization. Radiat Res 2021; 196:375-385. [PMID: 34260732 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tetraiodothyroacetic acid is a ligand of thyrointegrin αvβ3, a protein that is highly expressed in various solid tumors and surrounding neovascular regions. Its nano derivative, Nano-diamino-tetrac (NDAT), has anticancer properties in preclinical models, enhances radiosensitivity, and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro after X-ray irradiation. Using a novel experimental system developed to deliver accurate radiation dose to tumors under sterile conditions, this study establishes NDAT's radiosensitizing effect in SUIT-2 pancreatic cancer and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma xenografts in athymic mice for tumor-targeted radiation. In this work, low-melting-point Lipowitz alloy was used to shield normal organs and allow accurate tumor-targeted irradiation. Over a three-week period, mice with SUIT-2 xenografts received daily NDAT treatment at different doses (0, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg body weight) and tumor-targeted irradiation (1 or 5 Gy). Validation was performed with a test dose of 30 Gy to mice bearing SUIT-2 xenografts and resulted in more than 80% reduction in tumor weight, compared to nonirradiated tumor weight. The results of this work showed that NDAT had a radiosensitizing effect in a dose-dependent manner in decreasing tumor growth and viability. An enhanced anticancer effect of NDAT (1 mg/kg body weight) was observed in mice with H1299 xenografts receiving 5 Gy tumor-targeted irradiation, indicated by decreased tumor weight and increased necrosis, compared to nonirradiated tumors. This technique demonstrated accurate tumor-targeted irradiation with new shielding methodology, and combined with thyrointegrin antagonist NDAT treatment, showed anticancer efficacy in pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangirala Sudha
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Mahboob Ur Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Melis Debreli Coskun
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York
| | | | - Paul J Davis
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York
- Departments of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York
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Nanonutraceuticals: Anti-Cancer Activity and Improved Safety of Chemotherapy by Costunolide and Its Nanoformulation against Colon and Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080990. [PMID: 34440193 PMCID: PMC8391151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Costunolide (COS) is a sesquiterpene lactone with anticancer properties. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of COS against the human colon (HCT116) and breast (MDA-MB-231-Luc) cancer cell lines. Inhibition of cell lines viability and IC50 of COS were assessed via an MTT assay. Furthermore, the apoptotic rate was detected by assessment of Bcl2-associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein levels by flow cytometry. Xenograft mice model of HCT116 and MDA-MB-231-Luc were carried out to determine the effect of COS and its nanoparticles (COS-NPs). The results demonstrated that COS inhibited the viability of HCT116 and MDA-MB-231-Luc cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of 39.92 µM and 100.57 µM, respectively. COS significantly increased Bax and decreased Bcl2 levels in treated cells. COS and COS-NPs, in combination with doxorubicin (DOX), significantly decreased the tumor growth of HCT116 and MDA-MB-231-Luc implants in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of COS and COS-NPs significantly decreased the viable cells and increased necrotic/apoptotic cells of HCT116 and MDA-MB-231-Luc implants. Interestingly, both COS and COS-NPs protected the cardiac muscles against DOX’s cardiotoxicity. The current results indicated the promising anticancer and cardiac muscles protection of COS and COS-NPs when administered with chemotherapy.
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Design and In Silico Evaluation of a Novel Cyclic Disulfide-Rich anti-VEGF Peptide as a Potential Antiangiogenic Drug. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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El-Far AH, Salaheldin TA, Godugu K, Darwish NH, Mousa SA. Thymoquinone and its nanoformulation attenuate colorectal and breast cancers and alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1457-1469. [PMID: 34132104 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the anti-cancer potential of thymoquinone (TQ) and TQ nanoparticles (TQ-NPs) and their protection against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: TQ-NPs were prepared by double emulsion method and characterized. The efficacy of TQ and TQ-DOX was studied against HCT116 and MDA-MB-231-Luc cancer cell lines in vitro and in a xenograft tumor model. Results: TQ and TQ + DOX increased Bax levels in HCT116 cells and decreased Bcl2 levels in MDA-MB-231-Luc cells. In the xenograft model, the TQ-NPs, with an average size of 218 nm, in combination with DOX, significantly reduced tumor size. The combination of TQ or TQ-NPs with DOX significantly reduced DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Conclusion: Data suggest the promising role of TQ and TQ-NPs alone and with DOX for anti-cancer and cardiac protection benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Taher A Salaheldin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Noureldien He Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Hamza MS, Mousa SA. Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, Future Management. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 26:1076029620954282. [PMID: 32877229 PMCID: PMC7476343 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620954282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health problem in patients with cancer. Cancer augments thrombosis and causes cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and vice versa thrombosis amplifies cancer progression, termed thrombosis-associated cancer (TAC). Risk factors that lead to CAT and TAC include cancer type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy, surgery, or supportive therapy with hematopoietic growth factors. There are some other factors that have an effect on CAT and TAC such as tissue factor, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released in response to cancer, cancer procoagulant, and cytokines. Oncogenes, estrogen hormone, and thyroid hormone with its integrin αvβ3 receptor promote angiogenesis. Lastly, patient-related factors can play a role in development of thrombosis in cancer. Low-molecular-weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used in VTE prophylaxis and treatment rather than vitamin K antagonist. Now, there are new directions for potential management of VTE in patients with cancer such as euthyroid, blockade of thyroid hormone receptor on integrin αvβ3, sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin, inhibition of NETs and stratifying low and high-risk patients with significant bleeding problems with DOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Shaker A. Mousa, PhD, The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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Godugu K, Rajabi M, Mousa SA. Anti-Cancer Activities of Thyrointegrin α vβ 3 Antagonist Mono- and Bis-Triazole Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Conjugated via Polyethylene Glycols in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2780. [PMID: 34204997 PMCID: PMC8199894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 receptors are overexpressed in different tumors and their associated neovascularization and hence, represent a potential cancer target. We previously synthesized a high affinity thyrointegrin αvβ3, P4000-bi-TAT (tetrac derivative), with potent anticancer properties. However, the long polydisperse PEG conjugate showed large scaleup and analytical/bioanalytical issues. Hence, in the present study, we synthesized a mono versus bi-triazole tetrac with discrete monodisperse PEG, which provided improvement in scaleup and bioanalysis. In the present study, we compared binding affinity and anticancer activates with a smaller PEG size (P1600-bi-TAT, Compound 2) and the removal of one TAT molecule (P1600-m-TAT, Compound 3) versus P4000-bi-TAT, Compound 1. The results of the selectivity and affinity of TATs showed greater affinity to integrin αvβ3. The xenograft weights and tumor cell viabilities were decreased by >90% at all doses compared to the control (ON Treatment, *** p < 0.001) in cells treated with Compounds 1, 2, and 3 in U87-Luc-treated mice. The in vivo luminescent signals of U87-luc cells reflect the proliferation and distribution of tumor cells in the animals and the maximum intensity corresponding to the maximum tumor cells that the animals could tolerate. We found that the three thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonists exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy against U87 or primary glioblastoma cells. Biological studies showed that decreasing the PEG linker size (1600 vs. 4000) or having mono-TAT or bi-TAT had no significant impact on their αvβ3 binding affinity, anti-angiogenesis, or overall anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12208, USA; (K.G.); (M.R.)
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13
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Hay BA, Godugu K, Darwish NHE, Fujioka K, Sudha T, Karakus OO, Mousa SA. New Thyrointegrin α vβ 3 Antagonist with a Scalable Synthesis, Brain Penetration, and Potent Activity against Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6300-6309. [PMID: 33886292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the αvβ3 inhibitor P-bi-TAT, a bifunctional version of the thyroid hormone metabolite tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) MW 4000, has excellent efficacy in a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mouse model. However, bioanalysis problems due to PEG polydispersity and large-scale synthesis issues led to a search for new molecules, culminating in the discovery of fb-PMT, a conjugate of tetrac and monodisperse PEG36, with a lipophilic 4-fluorobenzyl group at the opposite end of the PEG chain. fb-PMT reduces GBM tumor growth and viability by up to 98%, is suitable for large-scale synthesis, and is amenable to bioanalysis using mass spectrometry-based detection. We also showed that changes in lipophilicity at the opposite end of the PEG chain from the active tetrac component affected the proton NMR chemical shift of the tetrac moiety in D20 and brain levels of the compound after subcutaneous dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Hay
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Fujioka
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Ozlem Ozen Karakus
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive (Room 238), Rensselaer 12144, New York, United States
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14
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Infante P, Malfanti A, Quaglio D, Balducci S, De Martin S, Bufalieri F, Mastrotto F, Basili I, Garofalo M, Lospinoso Severini L, Mori M, Manni I, Moretti M, Nicoletti C, Piaggio G, Caliceti P, Botta B, Ghirga F, Salmaso S, Di Marcotullio L. Glabrescione B delivery by self-assembling micelles efficiently inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:220-231. [PMID: 33249196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway leads to the development of several tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB), the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Hh inhibitors acting on GLI1, the final effector of Hh signaling, offer a valuable opportunity to overcome the pitfalls of the existing therapies to treat Hh-driven cancers. In this study, the toxicity, delivery, biodistribution, and anticancer efficacy of Glabrescione B (GlaB), a selective GLI1 inhibitor, were investigated in preclinical models of Hh-dependent MB. To overcome its poor water solubility, GlaB was formulated with a self-assembling amphiphilic polymer forming micelles, called mPEG5kDa-cholane. mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB showed high drug loading and stability, low cytotoxicity, and long permanence in the bloodstream. We found that mPEG5kDa-cholane efficiently enhanced the solubility of GlaB, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB possesses favorable pharmacokinetics and negligible toxicity. Remarkably, GlaB encapsulated in mPEG5kDa-cholane micelles was delivered through the blood-brain barrier and drastically inhibited tumor growth in both allograft and orthotopic models of Hh-dependent MB. Our findings reveal that mPEG5kDa-cholane/GlaB is a good candidate for the treatment of Hh-driven tumors and provide relevant implications for the translation of GlaB into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
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15
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Assessing the safety of transarterial locoregional delivery of low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles to the rat liver. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:273-283. [PMID: 33242579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic-arterial infusion (HAI) of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) nanoparticles reconstituted with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (LDL-DHA) has been shown in a rat hepatoma model to be a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, little is known regarding the safety of HAI of LDL-DHA to the liver. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the deposition, metabolism and safety of HAI of LDL-DHA (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg) in the rat. Following HAI, fluorescent labeled LDL nanoparticles displayed a biexponential plasma concentration time curve as the particles were rapidly extracted by the liver. Overall, increasing doses of HAI of LDL-DHA was well tolerated in the rat. Body weight, plasma biochemistry and histology were all unremarkable and molecular markers of inflammation did not increase with treatment. Lipidomics analyses showed that LDL-DHA was preferentially oxidized to the anti-inflammatory mediator, protectin DX. We conclude that HAI of LDL-DHA nanoparticles is not only safe, but provides potential hepatoprotective benefits.
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16
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Salama L, Pastor ER, Stone T, Mousa SA. Emerging Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanonutraceuticals in Cancer Management. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E347. [PMID: 32932737 PMCID: PMC7554840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of nanoscale, which is the scale of nanometers or one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology encompasses a broad range of technologies, materials, and manufacturing processes that are used to design and/or enhance many products, including medicinal products. This technology has achieved considerable progress in the oncology field in recent years. Most chemotherapeutic agents are not specific to the cancer cells they are intended to treat, and they can harm healthy cells, leading to numerous adverse effects. Due to this non-specific targeting, it is not feasible to administer high doses that may harm healthy cells. Moreover, low doses can cause cancer cells to acquire resistance, thus making them hard to kill. A solution that could potentially enhance drug targeting and delivery lies in understanding the complexity of nanotechnology. Engineering pharmaceutical and natural products into nano-products can enhance the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Novel nano-formulations such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nano-suspensions, and gold nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the delivery of drugs. Improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents targets cancer cells rather than healthy cells, thereby preventing undesirable side effects and decreasing chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Nanotechnology has also revolutionized cancer diagnosis by using nanotechnology-based imaging contrast agents that can specifically target and therefore enhance tumor detection. In addition to the delivery of drugs, nanotechnology can be used to deliver nutraceuticals like phytochemicals that have multiple properties, such as antioxidant activity, that protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of cancer. There have been multiple advancements and implications for the use of nanotechnology to enhance the delivery of both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (L.S.); (E.R.P.); (T.S.)
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17
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Debreli Coskun M, Sudha T, Bharali DJ, Celikler S, Davis PJ, Mousa SA. αvβ3 Integrin Antagonists Enhance Chemotherapy Response in an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:95. [PMID: 32174830 PMCID: PMC7056702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer decreases survival time and quality of life because of drug resistance and peripheral neuropathy during conventional treatment. This study was undertaken to investigate whether αvβ3 integrin receptor antagonist compounds NDAT and XT199 can suppress the development of cisplatin resistance and cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in an orthotopic pancreatic SUIT2-luc cancer cell mouse model. Anticancer effects of these compounds and their combination with cisplatin were assessed in this tumor mouse model with bioluminescent signaling and histopathology, and a cytokine assay was used to examine expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α from plasma samples. To determine the neuroprotective effects of the compounds on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, behavioral hind-limb posture of the mice was evaluated. The combination therapy of NDAT or XT199 with cisplatin elicited greater inhibition of tumor growth and increased tumor necrosis compared to cisplatin alone. NDAT and XT199 in combination with cisplatin significantly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and significantly increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in comparison to cisplatin alone. Cisplatin-treated groups showed stocking-glove hind-limb posture, whereas NDAT and XT199 with cisplatin-treated groups displayed normal hind-limb posture. Results clearly suggest that NDAT and XT199 treatment with cisplatin that inactivates NF-κB may contribute to increased antitumor and anti-inflammatory efficacy as well as alleviate cisplatin-mediated loss of motor function in this pancreatic tumor mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Debreli Coskun
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Dhruba J Bharali
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Serap Celikler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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18
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Mukherjee A, Madamsetty VS, Paul MK, Mukherjee S. Recent Advancements of Nanomedicine towards Antiangiogenic Therapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E455. [PMID: 31936832 PMCID: PMC7013812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of generation of de-novo blood vessels from already existing vasculature. It has a crucial role in different physiological process including wound healing, embryonic development, and tumor growth. The methods by which therapeutic drugs inhibit tumor angiogenesis are termed as anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy. Developments of angiogenic inhibiting drugs have various limitations causing a barrier for successful treatment of cancer, where angiogenesis plays an important role. In this context, investigators developed novel strategies using nanotechnological approaches that have demonstrated inherent antiangiogenic properties or used for the delivery of antiangiogenic agents in a targeted manner. In this present article, we decisively highlight the recent developments of various nanoparticles (NPs) including liposomes, lipid NPs, protein NPs, polymer NPs, inorganic NPs, viral and bio-inspired NPs for potential application in antiangiogenic cancer therapy. Additionally, the clinical perspectives, challenges of nanomedicine, and future perspectives are briefly analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Mukherjee
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Pvt Ltd., 109/3, IDA, Phase 2, Sector 2, Lane 6, Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India;
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Manash K. Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Factor Bldg. 10-240, 621 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Kim H, Koo HJ, Ahn J, Kim JY, Choi JY, Lee KH, Kim BT, Choe YS. Synthesis and characterization of 64Cu- and Cy5.5-labeled tetraiodothyroacetic acid derivatives for tumor angiogenesis imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115212. [PMID: 31761727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It was previously reported that tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) inhibits angiogenesis by binding to the cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone on integrin αVβ3. Therefore, we synthesized and evaluated two 64Cu-labeled tetrac derivatives and a Cy5.5-labeled tetrac derivative for tumor angiogenesis imaging. Tetrac was structurally modified to conjugate with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N″'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) via its hydroxy or carboxylic acid end, and the resulting DOTA-conjugated tetrac derivatives were then labeled with 64Cu. Tetrac was also conjugated with Cy5.5 via its carboxylic acid end. All three tetrac derivatives (1-3) exhibited greater inhibitory activity than tetrac against endothelial cell tube formation. The U87MG cell binding of [64Cu]2 showed a time-dependent increase over 24 h and it was inhibited by 38% at 4 h in the presence of tetrac, indicating specificity of [64Cu]2 to the thyroid hormone receptor site on integrin αVβ3. Positron emission tomography (PET) images of U87MG tumor-bearing mice injected with [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 revealed that high radioactivity accumulated in the tumors, and that the tumor uptake and tumor-to-nontarget uptake ratio were higher in small tumors than in large tumors. In addition, the Cy5.5-labeled tetrac derivative (3) displayed a strong near-infrared (NIR) signal in the tumors. Taken together, these results suggest that these ligands hold promise as imaging agents for visualization of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Koo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Tae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yearn Seong Choe
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
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